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Source: Bahá'í Library Online (bahai-library.com), curated by Jonah Winters. Used by permission of the curator. Original citation: Denis MacEoin, Bushru'i, Mulla Muhammad Husayn, New York: Columbia University, 1990, bahai-library.com.
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Bushrú'í, Mullá Muhammad Husayn
Denis MacEoin
published in Encyclopaedia IranicaVolume 4
New York: Columbia University, 1990
BOŠRŪʾĪ (Bošrūyaʾī), MOLLĀ MOḤAMMAD-ḤOSAYN (1229-65/1814-49), Shaikhi ʿālem who became the first convert to Babism, provincial Babi leader in Khorasan, and organizer of Babi resistance in Māzandarān. Born in Bošrūya, Khorasan, the son of a local merchant, he studied from an early age in Mašhad, where he appears to have become a Shaikhi. He later studied in Tehran and Isfahan before traveling to Karbalāʾ to study under Sayyed Kāẓem Raštī, then head of the Shaikhi school. He remained in Karbalāʾ nine or eleven years, during which period he wrote at least two works (which have not survived) and acquired a private following, leading to a conviction among some that he would be Raštī’s successor. Although absent from Karbalāʾ on the latter’s death, Bošrūʾī returned there soon afterwards on 1 Moḥarram 1260/22 January 1844 and was immediately involved in discussions with other leading Shaikhis concerning the succession issue, which had been left open. No agreement seems to have been reached, but in April Bošrūʾī set off for Kermān to interview Ḥājj Moḥammad-Karīm Khan Kermānī, a prospective candidate for the headship of the school. En route, in Shiraz, he renewed an earlier acquaintance with Sayyed ʿAlī-Moḥammad Šīrāzī, the Bāb, who on 5 Jomādā I/22 May announced to Bošrūʾī his claim to be Raštī’s successor and bāb al-emām. Bošrūʾī accepted these claims, probably after several weeks, in virtue of which he was later named bāb al-bāb (gate of the gate), awwal man āmana (first to believe) and “return of Moḥammad.” Following the Bāb’s assumption of the title of Qāʾem (i.e., the Twelfth Imam) in 1848, the title of bāb was transferred to Bošrūʾī. When, in July, 1844, the first followers of the Bāb left Shiraz in several directions to spread word of the imam’s imminent appearance, Bošrūʾī headed for Tehran, where he delivered letters from the Bāb for Moḥammad Shah and Ḥājī Mīrzā Āqāsī. From Tehran he made his way to Mašhad, where he established an important center for Babi propaganda and himself carried out the task of replying to questions on behalf of the Bāb. His activities in Mašhad eventually led to trouble with the local authorities, and in July, 1848, he was ordered to leave the city. Accompanied by a large band of followers he headed into Māzandarān, possibly en route for Azerbaijan to effect a rescue of the Bāb from prison there. In September, Bošrūʾī’s group, now enlarged, reached the shrine of Shaikh Abū ʿAlī al-Fażl Ṭabresī (Ṭabarsī), where they constructed a fortress of sorts to defend themselves against provincial and state troops who were sent to oppose their activities in the province. The struggle, which was led by Bošrūʾī until his death in the course of a sortie on 9 Rabīʿ I 1265/2 February 1849, ended with the surrender of the Babi survivors in May, 1849.
Bibliography : See the works listed under babism. Brief biographies are found in M. A. Malek Ḵosravī, Tārīḵ-ešohadā-ye amr I, Tehran, 130 Badīʿ/1973-74, pp. 19-58, and passim to p. 322; Mīrzā Asad-Allāh Fāżel Māzandarānī, Ketāb-e ẓohūr al-ḥaqq III, Cairo, n.d., pp. 112-42. For details of extant writings by Bošrūʾī see D. MacEoin, Early Bābī Doctrine and History, A Survey of Source Materials, Los Angeles, 1988, and A. Amanat, Resurrection and Renewal. The Making of the Babi Movement in Iran, 1844-1850, Ithaca, New York, 1989, esp. pp. 153-66. See also Eʿteżād-al-Salṭana, Fetna-ye Bāb, ed. ʿA.-Ḥ. Navāʾī, 3rd ed., Tehran, 1362 Š./1983, pp. 33-51, 244-45.
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──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
Bushrú'í, Mullá Muhammad Husayn
Denis MacEoin
published in Encyclopaedia IranicaVolume 4
New York: Columbia University, 1990
BOŠRŪʾĪ (Bošrūyaʾī), MOLLĀ MOḤAMMAD-ḤOSAYN (1229-65/1814-49), Shaikhi ʿālem who became the first convert to Babism, provincial Babi leader in Khorasan, and organizer of Babi resistance in Māzandarān. Born in Bošrūya, Khorasan, the son of a local merchant, he studied from an early age in Mašhad, where he appears to have become a Shaikhi. He later studied in Tehran and Isfahan before traveling to Karbalāʾ to study under Sayyed Kāẓem Raštī, then head of the Shaikhi school. He remained in Karbalāʾ nine or eleven years, during which period he wrote at least two works (which have not survived) and acquired a private following, leading to a conviction among some that he would be Raštī’s successor. Although absent from Karbalāʾ on the latter’s death, Bošrūʾī returned there soon afterwards on 1 Moḥarram 1260/22 January 1844 and was immediately involved in discussions with other leading Shaikhis concerning the succession issue, which had been left open. No agreement seems to have been reached, but in April Bošrūʾī set off for Kermān to interview Ḥājj Moḥammad-Karīm Khan Kermānī, a prospective candidate for the headship of the school. En route, in Shiraz, he renewed an earlier acquaintance with Sayyed ʿAlī-Moḥammad Šīrāzī, the Bāb, who on 5 Jomādā I/22 May announced to Bošrūʾī his claim to be Raštī’s successor and bāb al-emām. Bošrūʾī accepted these claims, probably after several weeks, in virtue of which he was later named bāb al-bāb (gate of the gate), awwal man āmana (first to believe) and “return of Moḥammad.” Following the Bāb’s assumption of the title of Qāʾem (i.e., the Twelfth Imam) in 1848, the title of bāb was transferred to Bošrūʾī. When, in July, 1844, the first followers of the Bāb left Shiraz in several directions to spread word of the imam’s imminent appearance, Bošrūʾī headed for Tehran, where he delivered letters from the Bāb for Moḥammad Shah and Ḥājī Mīrzā Āqāsī. From Tehran he made his way to Mašhad, where he established an important center for Babi propaganda and himself carried out the task of replying to questions on behalf of the Bāb. His activities in Mašhad eventually led to trouble with the local authorities, and in July, 1848, he was ordered to leave the city. Accompanied by a large band of followers he headed into Māzandarān, possibly en route for Azerbaijan to effect a rescue of the Bāb from prison there. In September, Bošrūʾī’s group, now enlarged, reached the shrine of Shaikh Abū ʿAlī al-Fażl Ṭabresī (Ṭabarsī), where they constructed a fortress of sorts to defend themselves against provincial and state troops who were sent to oppose their activities in the province. The struggle, which was led by Bošrūʾī until his death in the course of a sortie on 9 Rabīʿ I 1265/2 February 1849, ended with the surrender of the Babi survivors in May, 1849.
Bibliography : See the works listed under babism. Brief biographies are found in M. A. Malek Ḵosravī, Tārīḵ-ešohadā-ye amr I, Tehran, 130 Badīʿ/1973-74, pp. 19-58, and passim to p. 322; Mīrzā Asad-Allāh Fāżel Māzandarānī, Ketāb-e ẓohūr al-ḥaqq III, Cairo, n.d., pp. 112-42. For details of extant writings by Bošrūʾī see D. MacEoin, Early Bābī Doctrine and History, A Survey of Source Materials, Los Angeles, 1988, and A. Amanat, Resurrection and Renewal. The Making of the Babi Movement in Iran, 1844-1850, Ithaca, New York, 1989, esp. pp. 153-66. See also Eʿteżād-al-Salṭana, Fetna-ye Bāb, ed. ʿA.-Ḥ. Navāʾī, 3rd ed., Tehran, 1362 Š./1983, pp. 33-51, 244-45.
METADATA
Views7703 views since posted 2002; last edit 2012;
previous at archive.org.../maceoin_iranica_mulla_bushrui;
URLs changed in 2010, see archive.org.../bahai-library.org
Language
English
Permission
fair use
Share
Shortlink: bahai-library.com/3440
Citation: ris/3440
select Collection:
Archives
Articles
Articles-unpublished
Audio
Bibliographies
BIC
Biographies
Books
Chronologies
Compilations
Compilations-NSA
Compilations-personal
Documents
East-asia
Encyclopedia
Essays
Etc
Excerpts
Fiction
Glossaries
Guardian
Histories
Introductory
Letters
Maps
Music
Newspapers
NSA-documents
NSA-letters
Personal
Pilgrims
Poetry
Presentations
Resources
Reviews
Scripts
Software
Statistics
Study
Talks
Theses
Transcripts
Translations
UHJ-documents
UHJ-letters
Video
Visual
Writings
home
sitemap
series
chronology
search:
author
title
date
tags
adv. search
languages
inventory
bibliography
abbreviations
links
about
contact
RSS
new
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