Source: Bahá'í Library Online (bahai-library.com), curated by Jonah Winters. Used by permission of the curator. Original citation: Robert Stauffer, Samuel Luke Bramwell - First Jamaican Baha'i, bahai-library.com.
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Samuel Luke Bramwell - First Jamaican Bahá'í

Robert Stauffer

2026-03

Among the earliest Baha'is in the Western World, and the first Jamaican Baha'i,[1] was Samuel Luke Bramwell, born in Accompong, Saint Elizabeth, Jamaica 29 December 1866 according to Jamaican public records. He was the son of Joseph Bramwell and Frances Maria Joseph of the autonomous Leeward Jamaican Maroon community. His Maroon ancestry meant he was of African and likely native Carribean ancestry. If true, he may be the first Baha'i of indigenous blood in the Western hemisphere.

Bramwell immigrated to America in 1891 and was naturalized in 1895, the year he married Caladonia "Callie" Frances Lucas in Helena, Montana. They lived in a rental home at 520 Hollins Avenue, a house now listed in the Montana Historic Property Record.[2] They had no children. He had been employed as a janitor in Helena.

Around 1907 Bramwell moved to Spokane, Washington for better work possibilities without his wife who remained in Helena. The 1910 U.S. Census for Spokane indicates he was a "scientific masseur". One of the earliest Baha'is in Spokane at the time was Dr. Henrietta “Nettie” Crofton, an osteopath who might have worked with Bramwell in this regard.

In Spokane Bramwell became a Baha'i in 1908, the year after the Spokane Baha'i community officially formed. He was known as Professor Bramwell and as a "drugless doctor".[3] A group photo of Baha'is by Spokane photographer and Baha'i Albert Killius shows Bramwell holding the Most Great Name circa 1908. He is likely the first Baha'i of color in the Pacific Northwest region of The United States.

Samuel Bramwell died suddenly on 12 April 1911 in Spokane apparently due to 'sudden unexpected death in epilepsy' (SUDEP) according to his death record. The nascent Baha'i community gave him a Baha'i funeral. His wife arranged to bury him in Helena at Forestvale Cemetery. She continued to live in Helena until 1926 when she moved to Ann Arbor, Michigan where she died in 1939 and is buried at Fairview Cemetery there.[4]

Notes

William Mitchell, a paternal uncle of Universal House of Justice member Glenford Mitchell, has been recorded as the first male Jamaican Baha'i living in Jamaica decades after Bramwell became a Baha'i.

mhs.mt.gov/Shpo/AfricanAmericans/AfAm_docs/PropertyRecords/24LC2437.pdf

History of the Spokane Baha'i Community, Isabelle McCallum Campbell, circa 1940 (unpublished manuscript)

Bramwell's wife, Callie, was born in Ontario, Canada in 1859 and was active in Helena's St. James A. M. E. Church, per The Montana Plaindealer, Helena, MT various issues 1906-7 (African American owned newspaper)

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