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Source: Bahá'í Library Online (bahai-library.com), curated by Jonah Winters. Used by permission of the curator. Original citation: Moojan Momen, Sheikh Ahmad al-Ahsai, bahai-library.com.
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Sheikh Ahmad al-Ahsai
Sheikh Ahmad al-Ahsai was a prominent religious leader in the Shiite Muslim world who sought to combine all of
the streams of Islamic mysticism and philosophy into a single form of teaching. After his death, his followers
formed a separate Shiite school that today has 300,000 to 400,000 adherents, mainly in Iran, southern Iraq,
Kuwait, and the al-Ahsa region of Saudi Arabia.
Ahmad ibn Zayn al-Din al-Ahsai was born in in May 1753 into a Shiite family in the village of Mutayrafi in what is
today the Saudi Arabian region of al-Ahsa. He received a full religious education at the shrine cities of Najaf and
Karbala in Iraq and was a distinguished scholar, receiving certificates of completion of his studies from leading
Shiite scholars of the time. From 1797 to 1806, he lived in various locations in southern Iraq. Then, in 1806, he
traveled to Iran, where he was to remain for most of his life.
After a pilgrimage to the shrine of Imam Rida in Mashhad in northeastern Iran, he was invited to settle in Yazd. In
1814, he moved to Kirmanshah in eastern Iran at the invitation of the crown prince, Muhammad Ali Mirza. He
remained there until the death of this prince in 1821, when he was invited to move to Qazvin by Mullah Abdul
Wahhab, a prominent religious scholar. It was during Sheikh Ahmad's residence in this city that he was
denounced by Mullah Muhammad Taqi Baraghani as a heretic in about 1824. Sheikh Ahmad then left Qazvin
and, after another pilgrimage to Mashhad, settled in Karbala. After a short time there, he decided to go on
pilgrimage to Mecca, but he died a few stages away from Medina in 1826 and is buried in the al-Baqi cemetery
there.
Sheikh Ahmad was a man of prodigious knowledge and wrote some 160 works on a wide variety of subjects,
mostly in the area of mystical philosophy. He himself claimed, however, that the authority for his teaching came
from the Shiite imams whom he met in dreams and visions. His teaching is a synthesis of the various strands of
the Islamic sciences, especially mysticism and philosophy, and attempts to reconcile rational and intuitive
knowledge. He has been denounced by some clerics because he taught that some of the concepts in the Islamic
tradition should be understood as spiritual or metaphorical truths rather than taken literally. This same teaching,
however, made him important to the later Babi and Baha'i religions.
Moojan Momen
Further Reading
Momen, Moojan. An Introduction to Shiite Islam. Oxford, UK: George Ronald, 1985; Momen, Moojan. The Works
of Shaykh Ahmad al-Ahsa'i. Newcastle-upon-Tyne, England: Baha'i Studies Bulletin Monograph, no. 1, 1991;
Rafati, Vahid. "The Development of Shaykhí Thought in Shí'í Islam." Ph.D. dissertation, University of California,
Los Angeles, 1979.
Select Citation Style: MLA
MLA
Momen, Moojan. "Sheikh Ahmad al-Ahsai." World Religions: Belief, Culture, and Controversy. ABC-CLIO, 2011.
1 of 2 02/11/11 12:23 PM
Web. 2 Nov. 2011.
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──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
World Religions: Belief, Culture, and Controversy http://religion.abc-clio.com/Search/Display/1548257?sid=1548...
print page close window
Sheikh Ahmad al-Ahsai
Sheikh Ahmad al-Ahsai was a prominent religious leader in the Shiite Muslim world who sought to combine all of
the streams of Islamic mysticism and philosophy into a single form of teaching. After his death, his followers
formed a separate Shiite school that today has 300,000 to 400,000 adherents, mainly in Iran, southern Iraq,
Kuwait, and the al-Ahsa region of Saudi Arabia.
Ahmad ibn Zayn al-Din al-Ahsai was born in in May 1753 into a Shiite family in the village of Mutayrafi in what is
today the Saudi Arabian region of al-Ahsa. He received a full religious education at the shrine cities of Najaf and
Karbala in Iraq and was a distinguished scholar, receiving certificates of completion of his studies from leading
Shiite scholars of the time. From 1797 to 1806, he lived in various locations in southern Iraq. Then, in 1806, he
traveled to Iran, where he was to remain for most of his life.
After a pilgrimage to the shrine of Imam Rida in Mashhad in northeastern Iran, he was invited to settle in Yazd. In
1814, he moved to Kirmanshah in eastern Iran at the invitation of the crown prince, Muhammad Ali Mirza. He
remained there until the death of this prince in 1821, when he was invited to move to Qazvin by Mullah Abdul
Wahhab, a prominent religious scholar. It was during Sheikh Ahmad's residence in this city that he was
denounced by Mullah Muhammad Taqi Baraghani as a heretic in about 1824. Sheikh Ahmad then left Qazvin
and, after another pilgrimage to Mashhad, settled in Karbala. After a short time there, he decided to go on
pilgrimage to Mecca, but he died a few stages away from Medina in 1826 and is buried in the al-Baqi cemetery
there.
Sheikh Ahmad was a man of prodigious knowledge and wrote some 160 works on a wide variety of subjects,
mostly in the area of mystical philosophy. He himself claimed, however, that the authority for his teaching came
from the Shiite imams whom he met in dreams and visions. His teaching is a synthesis of the various strands of
the Islamic sciences, especially mysticism and philosophy, and attempts to reconcile rational and intuitive
knowledge. He has been denounced by some clerics because he taught that some of the concepts in the Islamic
tradition should be understood as spiritual or metaphorical truths rather than taken literally. This same teaching,
however, made him important to the later Babi and Baha'i religions.
Moojan Momen
Further Reading
Momen, Moojan. An Introduction to Shiite Islam. Oxford, UK: George Ronald, 1985; Momen, Moojan. The Works
of Shaykh Ahmad al-Ahsa'i. Newcastle-upon-Tyne, England: Baha'i Studies Bulletin Monograph, no. 1, 1991;
Rafati, Vahid. "The Development of Shaykhí Thought in Shí'í Islam." Ph.D. dissertation, University of California,
Los Angeles, 1979.
Select Citation Style: MLA
MLA
Momen, Moojan. "Sheikh Ahmad al-Ahsai." World Religions: Belief, Culture, and Controversy. ABC-CLIO, 2011.
1 of 2 02/11/11 12:23 PM
Web. 2 Nov. 2011.
World Religions: Belief, Culture, and Controversy http://religion.abc-clio.com/Search/Display/1548257?sid=1548...
back to top Entry ID: 1548257 Server: WEB2 | Client IP: 50.101.52.243 | Session ID:
r4xsruunrbrl0za0uroucnpm | Token: 9DB63A75B772765CD9AAFC8DC4E65D15
Referer: http://religion.abc-clio.com/Search/Display/1548257
2 of 2 02/11/11 12:23 PM
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