# Baha'i Studies in Europe *Exported from [Holy-Writings.com](https://www.holy-writings.com/) on 2026-06-20 — 1 clipping.* --- > REPORr > ON > ... > BAH.A 'I > á- > STUDIES > IN > > EOa:>PE > > (1981) > > Thie report la compriaed of accOUDt• of > personal inter• i•v• engaged. vi th • mi•- > ber of indiriduale aw of who• actiri- > ti•• relate th• ill aom• var to th• in- > teuiv• hietorioal or doctrin•l atu«17 of > - - > the Bibi and B•bi'i r•ligione, •;ncl of dee- > criptiona of certal! prin.te, pu.blic, u- > ai•ereit7 ancl Bebi'i inetitutio-al libra- > • > ri•• •ad archiY&l colleotione containing > Bibi •nd B•bA't related literature, the > indirldu•l• and librui•• located in Eng- > land, Wales, Belgium, France, Switserland, > Weet Ger•án;r~ Den•ark, Sweden, Horḥa1' 1 > Finland, Italy, Austria, •nd encountered > between NOY•ber 2'1-, 1980 and July 141 > 1981 bJ the author of thie report, Peter > 'fraffard Terr7 Jr. > I If D B X > > I. 1JNITED KINGDOM IV. MORWAY > 1)Dr. Moojan MOll9n 1 7>Tcm labbock > 2)Peter Smith 3 8)0elo Uniyereitete- > 3)Robert Parry bibliotek 63 > 9)0.lo Menighetsfakultets- > 4.)Dr. Deni• MacEoin 8 bibliotek 63 > 5)Dr. 'Abbas Amenat 10 > 10>Teologiskfakultet- > 6)Viva Perdu T•lin 11 bibliotek 64 > ?)Stephen Lámbden 12 11)Báb8•i Senter Bibliotek 64 > 8)Jan .Jeeion 13 > 9)Britieb Behi'l Archives 14 V. IUJARD > 10)Iancaeter aeeting 16 1)Sirkka Salai 65 > 2)X.•ran Rudar 65 > áII. MIDIUM 3)Mosatar \t..dar 66 > 1)Dr. Loni Brwon 25 lt)llllrri Peltola 69 > 5)Dr. Babib'u'Jlab > Zebi.hiap 71 > III. F!WCE > 6)David s;nnone 72 > 1)Dr. Alline Heabah 2:1 > 2)Dr. Maurice Bemiol ,,. ?)Helsingin Yliopiaton > Kirjaeto .,, > 3)Andre Brugiroux 36 8)Slavonic Collection > 4)Bibliot~que Rationale UniveraitJ of BelaiDki > et Uniyeraitaire de Librarr 73 > ~traabourg 37 9)1Canaallieen Kirjaaton > 5)Bibliot~ue Rationale SieilJ.7e 74 > de Paris 39 > 6)Bibliot~ue National• > - - de France > des Bahii'ia 41 > VI. SWEISN > 1)Sven Mlrde 75 > ?>conference on Bahi •i > Political BcontA117 42 2)Bene Od9111r '17 > 3)Ezzat Dja~eri 78 > IV. NORWAY > . > 4)Paul Stolpe 83 > 1)Mrs. Gerd Strand 45 > 2)Misa Gudrun tffetegaard lt8 VII. IErDfARK > 3)Bj.-rn Bubendick 49 1)Dr. Margit Warburg 85 > 4)Berald Thiia 51 2)Liebeth Andereen 85 > 5)Bolger Bagan 54 3)~ Bolek 86 > 6)Dr. Arild Ranarheim 57 4)Dr. .&lee OW.ton 86 > I N D E X > > VII. IEflllRK X. AUSi"llll > 5)Dr. Fereydun Y•hm•n 89 1)Dr. lent D. Beveridge 1lt1 > 6)Univeraitetebiblioteket 90 2)Ja•bis Pooetchi 1"6 > 3)0sterreichisbe llational,- > bibliotbek 148 > VIII. GERMllfY > 1 )Dr. Udo Schaefer 91 > - > lt-)Mational B•bi 1 i Archi••• > of .luatria 1lt-9 > 2)Rana J,ange 'Tl > 3)Buecbm•nd Sabet 101 XI. SVl'lURIIJfD > lt)Dr. Farahid A8hraf 104 1)Gita Steiner Kh••ai 150 > 5)Dr. Iba•n B•labi 105 2)Maged llerous 152 > 6)Peter Mllhlechlegel 106 > ?)Ursula Muhlachl•g•l 112 > 4)Dr. Christine Se-endari- > 8>Erik Blumenthal 115 Bekim 153 > 9)Univeraititabibliotek 5)Dieter Me7er-Scbmid 154 > Heidelberg 116 6)Z.ntralbibliothek > 10)Wiasenecbaftlichen Ziirich 155 > Theologiach•• Semia•r 11? > 11)Staats Archiv 11? > 12)Wiirttemburgiache > l•ndeabibliothek 118 > - > 13)Ger•n B1hi'i Archive• 119 > > IX. n'ALY > •• > 1)Dr. Paul Ojermark 120 > 2)Dr. Aleaaandram Bauetni 123 > 3)Profeaaor Huaayn > Avarega.n 128 > 4)Dr. Badi'u'llah Para 134 > 5)Fondazione Caetani per > gli atudi 138 > 6)Biblioteca Nazionale > Central• di Firenze 138 > ?)National Bahi'l Library > of Ita.17 139 > Peter Trafford Terry Jr. > (J•nu•17 1982) > > Pond Road, Bridgton, Maine oltoo9 11.S.A. > > Work iA the ti•lcl ot Bibi •ncl Beb&•l. ltud.iea, 197)-1982, incluai••• > Paper• tor the UDiTerwity of Mein• at Portl•nd-Oorbem on > 'TY Greatest Nw in th• Bible,• •A Nev Eoologio•l Re- > ligion,' •eomparatiTe Mynioim, • •PolitioeJ Socialis•ticm,' > 'COlllP&r&tiY• Comologys Babi•I/Bopi/Dagon, • •Eq11•lity of > Opportunity in Eduationi A B•bi 1 I Perspective-' > 1'll5-:ZZ. Papers for the Uni•er•ity of M•eaechueetta inAmh•r•t on > 1 Th! Per!li~n, ,B ayḥs, • •cwpsriaon of th• AHISA Model and > > Beba 1 ! Teachings,• 'Iii.De Pioneera in World Educations one > obapt•r on St•DWoocl Cobb~' Began o ntal-7 cm the Bidden > Words of Babi'u'll•h; SbayJmI./BibI/Beba 1 I bibliography& > etudy of Behi'l proof•. Helped organise conference at > the UDiver•ity on the •Spiritual Lite,• with partioipation > by !lhiyyih Ad••a, Mari•n Lippitt •nd Do'A. > 19'n-78 Papere for the UDiveraity of Chicago on 'The Personifica- > tion of EYil in th• Old Teeta•nt, New !estwnt •nd Holy > Qur•in, • trmlation from Arabic into Engliab vith intro- > duction > ..,.. .. - > and notes with fellow student > ..... 'Abdullah Zaid of Alá > rieala min Hae•n al-Beeri fi al-amir al.-mu'minim 'Abd al- > Malik ibn Marwin.• Edited pa:per on Chriet in the Gospel.a and > • by Coptio > the Qur •an • > Obri8ti•n fellow .etudent. Aeaiated > Persian Bah&•I iD stud)' of Bebi 1 l administration. Contimied > r > r••!•rch OD Báhi' proofs; cc.apilation of ~wkllf/Sib- - > ba'i bibliogr•Phr• 'frenalatiou of Lee Se~ Preuv!a du > from Nicoles' French into English. > 12'!8-80 Translation of Le B;v~ .A.rabe from the French of Nicolas in- > to Engli.eh. Continuation of compilation ~bayk.bi/Bi.bi/Bahi.' i > -- > bibliography; reee•rch on Baha'i proofs. Began study áof wo- > men's history end literature; events of the year 18lf.4; com- > munal lifeetJles in the United States in the 19th and 20th > ceniuriea. Writing of philosophical eaeaya coloured by Ba- > bi 1 i teachings. > November 1980-July 19811 Europe: Interviewing Baha'i schol- > ars and 'aourcea' , compiling §bay\WI/B&bI/Bahi '1 bibliogra- > phy, collecting infgrmation for history of 1844, organi.&ing > conference on Bahi'i political economy for June near Pari6, > participation in Lancaster meeting in July. > Jul7...A.ugust 1981: Maine to California to Wu!lington to Maines > - > Interviewing Baha'i scholars, meeting vi.th K•limi't Preas in > - > L.A., with L.A.Bahi.'i Study Group. > September 1981-January 1982: Maine and Maa•chuaetta: 'llrit- > ing first and final drafts ot rep,Qrt on Bahi'i studies in > - > Europe, correspondence with Behi''i scholars, organizing pho- > tocopy service, pl•nning weekend on Buddhiec, perticipation > - > in programmes at Green Acre Bahi•i School, etc., etc., etc. > I. OIIfED JCilliDOll 1 > > 1)Dr. Moojan Momen J,•nga-sea: Inglish, Perei•n, > Arabic, •OM Prencll, acme Ger- > an > Degreea: M.A., Cubridp lJDiYer• > •it7 1 Orient•l ltudiee; 11.D. > IaterYiew: M7 fir•t contact vith Dr. Homen waa in earl1 Deceaber 1980, > renewed bf correspondence during . , traYele on the Continent in winter •ad > spring of 1981, ud then at the L•ncuter ...ting Ju17 ll/12. On our firat > ••ting, be adviaed •• to reque•t a COP1 of hi• bibliograpbJ' from Al•n > Coope, who incorporated Dr. Momen's bibliograph7 into hi.a ova iD 1975. Aa > he baa ..de a number of additioDS to his bibliograp~ •iace tben he of- > fered to edit "7 completed bibliographJ, theáaooaer the better. Be ahoved > • copies of •n inco!Pl•t• collection of Sba11mi literature recentl1 pub- > lished b7 the ab•1Jmi group iD Xer•aa, frii, and later asked M to ApplJ' > him with the liet of taaciail• literature at tb• Bibliot~que lation•le de > Para, which I did. !'hi.9 li8t will be included in 111 forthcoming biblio- > graphJ. Be ia one of three pertie• responsible for eatabliahing a libra:17 > based upon the collection of the late Band of the CauM ot God, Besen II. > BalJUSi, to 'be called tbe •Atn;n LibrarJ" or wociated with the Afnln fa- > .Ur t deacendante or the Bib •• r•latio•á l fev 110lltb8 ago I WU to1d b7 > Dr. Homen that tbe foreation of the libr&17 u a legal identit7, and u a > cbaritable foundation 1a well on its n.r. •nd tbat .lbu'l-Qaaim Atn•n, for- > •rlJ' caretaker ot the Bouse of t~t 8lb in Shiriz, lri.n •nd nov resident > in Ozford, Bngl•nd is nov at vork cataloguing the contents in Persian •ad > Arabic languages resident in thi• rare collection. When this collection > le bouaed, catalogued and legal.17 and financiall7 constituted it will be > -- - > opened tor the uae of ecbolare viehing to research the hiatori and teach- > ... Faiths and the Perai•n Gulf area during the > inp of the Bibi and Betia'i > nineteenth and twentietháceaturies. Dr. Homen •eked .. to aseiat him-=at- > ter I offered to be of eervice--on the Continect and in the United States > in co11ecting information on the folloving topic• (I share thia information > in the hope that some other scholar 11a7 be of service to him): > a)Austria: to find the diaries of Prokesh-Oaten for the 7eare 1865-18?0, > to locate his person•] •nd official papera in the Austri•n Foreign Minis- > try Archives, and to go after the uncatalogued material in particular; and > to consult the Bau.a-, loft- and Staata-.Archiv •nd the Politischea Archiv > in Vienna in search of the paper• of Austrian consuls end ambassadors ••- > aigned to the Ottoman Empire in tbe 7ear 1868. (Please refer to report on > Dr. Kent hveridge of Austria tor details of this research.) > b)Scotland: to-~ocate the original COPJ of Behi'u'llah'• Tablet to Queen > Victoria, vhich he believes to be kept along with her other personal papere > in Delmoro Castle: for tbia an official introduction would be neceeaarJ, > •nd I vaa unable to •esiet him at thie time. . > c)France: to determine what Dr. Ami.De Meebah (see report under France) h•a > accomplished through working iu the Archives of the Mini•tl'J for Foreign > Affairs in Paris and the Gobineau collection at the Universit• de Stras- > bourg; to locate the Oriental address book of the comte de Gobineau; to de- > termine the origin of the copy of the Mugt"tu'l:,,-!,af now preserved in the > Bibliot~ue Nation•le de Paris; to find out what Dr. Mesbah h•e diacoTered > in studying the commercial records of the Chamber of Ooawerce in Marseilles, > lrance, looking through the commercial correspondence of French consuls in > Iran and the Ottoman Em~ire duriA~ B•hi'u'll•h'• lifetiae. (Por details on > research into Gobineau •nd !;ugtatu'l-Kaf, see reports=- Dr. Meabab, Biblio- > teque Rationale de Faria and Bibliot~que Rationale et UDiYeraitaire de Straa- > bourg, all under France.) > L •• flit ' > > 1)Dr. llooju . . .Jl > laatert18VI > d)lvadeas aooardt111 to Ilia jnfOl'9Ati011 1 the 8wd1•h goww••nt tr•1=a4 ••cl > offioerecl the Iruian ution•l polioe taro• fr• 1890 ••til 1919, end lie > •-ked • to ~h for refareno• to l•bia ••d l•h• '1a iD the diepatch•• > of t!ae • Swdieb police offioen to their goterwat ia ltookhola. (Plew > ••• report Oil pt ofeaaor Djua,er_i la Sweden for cletall••) > e)Finl•nd1 look for literature •ationbg Bab:l ar l•be'i 'J'aith written :la > ar plblie!a.ed in Bwia, ill tbe librarJ baring the largMt collection of Rae- > •ian literature pre-dati.Dg tb• 1918 rewol11ticm oat.ide of t1le u.s. •- .• (I > ..a giwea two copi•• of J•n Jasion'• partial lieting of ti. oontenta of > thi• librarJ,Slatonic áCollection of ti. VDi.Yereiq of &.letnkin Libr&J7 1 > •nd for report on it• contata, plea•• ... cl98Cription ot Libr&rJ ancler > Pin'land.) > f : look into the nt archi.,... of Vurtenbur~tuttprt, of > th• Germ.a Templ•rea FOCUN con of BeilharsáChronik, encl oopi•• of pic- > ture• of Baira during lifeti.M of .Bebe'u'lleh. (I dicl •11 of tbe aboYe: > pleaae 8M report.a OD J•nd. .bibliothek •nd Staataarohi'f' iD Stuttprt •ad > •l ao ~•mJJ•lse•••ll eeh•ft in Shttgart, Oer1te ft1 •) > g)United Statee of America a find refereDCea to Bebia and B•b•' ia 1n reports > "1 AMric•n mi.uioaeri.. in " • Irudan and Ottom•n Bllpirea during tbe lU•- > tiMe of Báb•'•'llab and á' Abcba'l-l•!te, in the following locatious America > Board of Cwi•eionera for l'areip Jlie•iom, ArchiTN at Boughton Librar'J', > •rtard Vtrl.YereitJ (including •i••ionari.. who were ill Cbihriq, > ia 18't8 end in Iran until 18?0)1 1Jnited Preeb,.teri•a LibrarJ in Kev York, > Persian •nd Palestinian recorda for 18?0; docwnte of the late In. B•ll, > aiuioner, iD AdrU.nople fr• 1868 (&Yailable iJl the firet-Mntioned col- > lection); docu••nte of th• Ir•nien ..b&88J at Conetenttnople, kept at !ale > UniYerai~I Burgeae lettere in the Archine and M•nuecript DiYieiOD of tu > Nev York Public LibrUJ 1 thoe• letter• refering to Babia; reporta fr09 tbe > Americ•n ub•aeador• ill Iran tr• 188o onvarda, and the report• of the Yioe- > comsul ill Adri•nople frOll 1865 to 1868, •nd of Yioe-cOD8Ul Scb11macher, l••d- á > er of tbe Gex m•n ~empl•r•, with whom Beb•'u'llah at~ecl iD 188o and from > 1890 into 1891, all of which are iZl the United Stat•• lrchiYH of the De- > partment of State, Wuhington, J>.C.; the reports relatin to the eesaMi"•- > tioa of hbrie, Aaerican conaul ill !ebr•n on ground.a he waa a Baha'i ill > 1926, in the •=e depoaitory; the collection of uncatalogued M.Dlwcript• > at Princeton Univerait,', aaeociated with Jelel Azal •nd Said lb•n XurdS•á > tani, including a cop;y of the !'3tatu'l-ICat, and a doc\11Dent p>rporti.Dg to > be the diary of the Bab. CI have not 79t investigated 01 of .th• abOY• but > intend to 4o ao vhen time pezaita.) > Dr. Momen regar0a the esta.bliabment of a Baha'i Studies Au0cia:tlon in :am-- > ope as premature end nnneceaaery and unlikel.7 to advance academic work on > the Baha'i Faith end u euch of little consequence to '9rioua Babe'i schol- > ars. Be insiata that there is much vork to be done before an EncrcloP!c\~ > Baha'i can be suitably formulated, that an encyclopedic project ia tertiaey > and Beha'i echolara must be occupied for the foreseable future with primary > and aeconda17 source en•l;rsis and 111nthesia. An excellent idea but before > it• time. > Papera: 'The Social Besie of the Babi UpheaYale (1848-5}): A Preliminar:t > AnalysiJI', 20 pages, 1979. > ''l'be Tri•l of Mull• 'Ali Beetami: A combined Snnni-Shi' i fatwa > against the Bab 1 1 Je.2 pqee, 1980. > Publications: Dr. J.B. Eaalemont, London:Beb•'i Publiahiag tfruat, 1976. > ':'he Babi and Baha'i Reli ions 181ti.-1 : Some Conte rar > :á:estern Accounts, Oxfo~d: George Ronald, 1 1. > I. DRii&U .• • t t. ' > 2)Peter Sllith Iánpageai 10gJ1u, i&e-o'll, - > Persian. > DegreM: Ph.D. ill , Vni- > Yereitr of I áneuter 1 D9»art.nta > of Sociolog eud Religio118 Studiee, > topic of reaearcha "A Sociological > StudJ of the Bi1>I •Dd láb'i'l Reli- > gion•"• > htertiev: Mr. Saith •nd I haYe been corresponding aince apriDg of 1978, > and so it vu with great pleasure indeed that I •de tbi• achol•r'• acquaiD""" > tanc• for the firat tiM ill Deo•ber 198<>. At thi• time we di•cuued a m- > ber of topic• but I did not 7et ha•• •"1 aort of queatiou in •ind and so > this occasion paeaed without • garnering much inforu.tion abOllt bia work. > Our subsequent Meting Jul.1' ll/12 of 1981 did not aupplwnt the gleaniDp > of the first ri..llit ea th• •esembled acholare di•cuaaed utters of mutu•l > and general interest •nd b•d but little occas,!on tor irivate conTersations. > Mr. Smith was kind enough to 8end • a "BabJ.'i Studiu Vita", tram vhich I > vill draw most of the materi•l for thia report. Another source ia tbe re- > - port I -.de of our Jul7 11/12 ••ting, which ia aTailable ill toto upon re.. > quest. Mr. Smith'• accC>11pliabmenta in the field of Baha'i ltucliea to date > include the folloving: > Lancaster Bahi•I Studies Seminars: convener of the 19'n-8o Bebl'I Studies > Seminars held under the aggie of the Deparbente of Socioloa •nd Religious > Studies, UniTerait7 of Lancaster. "Copies of all ext•nt papere have been > depoaitecl at the Bahi'I World Centre Libra.?7 at Haifa. Unfortunately, I > •m unable to supp~ copies of the papers, but several of them are like~ > to be published." 'fbie is the statement of Mr. Smith. Iáhaye copies of > several of these papers end vill •ake them available upon dem•nd and at coat. > For copies of reports on th••• aeminara write to .. •nd I will supply same > at cost. For short accounts of the 19'n •nd 1918 Seminars Me the United . > Kingdom Bahl•I Journ•l, no. 245 (June 1978), pp. 16-1? (•nd the erratum ill > no. 248, Jan1aary 1979, p. 11); •nd tor the 1979 Seminar ••• the Bulletin > ~t the Briti~h ~pciet7 for Middle ,r,aster~ ~tudies, no. 6 (19?9), PP• 119- > 23. Ae mentioned above, for copy of rq report on 1981 Meting of Baha'i > echol~a in Lanca.ater, write me. > ~á i Stu,di.~s Regist~r: compiler of two (1978 and 1979) editions of •n 1!- > ternational Register of those involved ináthe academic atuc:IJ of the Bahl'i > Faith. I have copies of both editions and can make them available on de- > mand. This project ia DOV in the bands of c.A.s.B.F. (nov A.B.s.). > ~ibliogra:ePI of Doctoral and Mas,ter:!!, tbeSt!:!. on Ba.bl"' i topics: First list- > ing published in Bulletin of the British Societz for Midd.f1' East Studies, > no. 6 (1979) 1 .pp. 129-30á Mr. Smith is presenti, preparing a aupplement&rJ > list and would be grateful for •Dy other titles. _ > When asked whether he approved of the establi~hment of a 'Babi'i Studies As- > eociation in Europe, the cooperation of Bahi.'i scholars in the compilation > of an Ency~loped~a.~•i and other cooperative efforte between Baha'i schol- > ars, he replied, *1No, No, Yes,'' making it clear that he regarded the former > tvo •s pre:nnt~e anti the latter u an excellent idea, when it work.a. > Papers: 'The Routinization of Charisma? Some comnents on Peter L. Berger's > ''Mot i:f Messianique et Processus Social d•ns le Babaieme"' , 2:l pages, > 1CJ77. > 'Nillemrianiam in the Bibf and Babi•! Religions', 29 pages, 1'T/9. > - > Articles: ''Motif Besearch: Peter Berger and the Bahi 1 i Faith," Bel!sion, > vol. 8, Aut11n1n 1979, PP• 210-34. > I. IDtftED KlNGOOM > 2)Peter Saith > Interview: > Article•: "Hilleurieni• ill th• Babi and Beba' 1 Religiou," The Sociolo- > 57qr Kellf Religious Movement!I ed., Roy Valli.a. Forthcoming. > ;; he Americu B•ha • i Con11unity, 189'+-1917: A preli•i1:1at") eur- > TeJ'," Stu~iee _in ~bi !'"d sBalul' i Bistoa; ed., Moojan Homen. > Forthcoming. > "ieviev: H.M. Balyuzi'• Beb••u 1 ll•h: 'l'be JC!D.6 ,of Glou,'' Inter- > national Journal of Middle Eeat Studies. Forthcomi1:1g. > s > I. UNll~F.O JCDIJOOM > > 3)Robert ~ t.nguagea: Engliah,.Sanakrit, > Pali, some Persi•n, •o• Ara- > bic, some German > Degrees: Ph.D. in progress, Uni•er- > si t7 of L•ncaster, Departments of > Pbiloaopby and Religious Studies; > topic: comi-rative •nalyaia of cog- > nitional theOJ7 ot two Jesuit phi- > losophers and the !heravadin Bud- > dbieta > Interview: My first exchange of leteere and tirxt visit with Mr. Parr.r > occured in December 1980. Subaequently we met Jul7 11/12, 1981 in J.ancas- > ter, and have not ce•eed to correspond. During the couple ot days we spent > together in LlandudDo, North Wales, much of the time vith hie wife Mitra, > we diacussed a multitude ot topica, moat of them philoeophical •nd theolo- > gical. ~ese notes are drawn from the record ot those talks •ad from the > minutes of the Lencuter •etiDg •nd'Mr. ParrJ'• letter in response to the > minutes, filling in the holes. We diec•>ued collaborative efforts between > -- > Bah&'i acholara, •nd it vas hie view that the categorie• for collaboration > belong to the already predetermined categories of intellectual studies such > as the f olloving: > a)the difference between religioDB experience and ecieutific methodolo11, > and cODUDon sense activities; > b)the role of authority in human developaent; > c)the role of Revelation in the hiatoric•l proceae and in the bn•an cogni- > . tive process; > d)the nature of various t1pes of diacourae, e.g., 11Are religious atateHnts > descriptive, evocative, poetical, pertornwtive, proscriptive or combinations > thereof?''; the nature of religious lang111ap: symbolic? how considered true? > e)free will in relation to God 1 a Will; > t)relationship of truth and meaning iD the Babi•I Faith' > g)hermaneutics--the interpretation of the Holy Texts in our lives: theol"1 > and practice by the individual and by the group; > h)the nature and scope of rationality; > i)mapping out of the relationship between the Bana•I Faith and Eastern re- > ligious traditions, especially u Ba.hi'u'll'•h never mentions Buddha, Krish- > • > na or Rama; _ > j)is there a role tor altered states of consciousness in Bahi 1 i experience? > Are the stat,ments of a person who bas undergone or i.a undergoing states of > altered consciousness truth-functional? > Mr. Parry notes, regarding this liet: ''the philosophical bent here, 'these > tasks are by :110 means exhaustive.'' > - > Relative to collaborat~on be!veen Babi'i . > scholars, Mr. Parry recommended > - > that papers written by Baha'i scholars be reveiwed first by fellow scholars > before sent to a Bahi 1 i r•ri•Vine committee so that they are correct tact= > ual ly an~ professional in style prior to their formal eubr~~iasion to Be.hi• i > authorities. lie also recommended that Balia'i scholars publish bound papers > as !t dCl'i... by the Royal Asiatic Society. Speal~ing of dialogue between Ba- > hi' is and Christiane and members of other religions, he stated his opinion > that if there is co?Dmon ground, dialogue is possible, and if there ia no > - > com.-:ion ground dialogue is not possible, only preaching. When asked for bi• > . cl•- > fi.D1tion of Baha'i apologetics, tfr. Parry answered that this is the corr4t- > lation of questions implicit in t~e human situation which has not beard or > responded positively to the Bahi'i Revelation, and the answers given b7 that > Revelation. T~is is an heuristic structure which simply anticipates a task > witbout specif~ring ite content. > I shall now have recourse to his most recent letter to clarify further points, > > Inter,iev: > - > surely of interest to bis fell.av BáJii'i 8Cholaraa > a)Baba•r acholare "•hould not try to be áawv•ata of agnostic or potential]J > -- > atheistic ..thodology, but to be aware that we are B•lia'ia enp.ged in •aca- > demic' research. Hot enr,.thing that c from the pen of a peraon who i.e > hODest~ counnitted to a particular horizon ia propagandist. !'bough B011ebody > vho ia etraining tor acceptance in the vide academic world could well be ill- > plici tl1 propagandist and dishonest to bia ow be•ic hori&on cb•nge. All > iD all let ua not tr,. and hide oar experience under a cloak, ~ co-1itted > acholara- Marxists, atructuraliate, procees theologiam, etc. write accep- > table and accepted work. Even known. atheist acholara wáite work that is ac- > cepted bJ' at lea.at one pereon. Being accepted. ie not the criterioa. It all > depends on •tyle. A~, what aomebody calla propagandiat somebodJ else > vill call apologetic.•• _ > b)Mr. Parry abarea my interest in th• compilation of an J;ne:rcloP!dia .!'ahi''i, > and here he expi esaea aome of bi• Yi.,,. thereon: "An enc1clopeedia by any > > other n•ne would do. For it to work there doesn't have to be a reservoir > ot clearly defined priury aourcea- who ia to define them? The work could > contain abort pieces on Yarioue theme• fr-am Absolute to Za.yn al-Huqaribin. > 'fbe7 co_!!ld be written fairly quickly and wwld give the direction in vhich > ve Báhi.'ia move. A fixed arrov is al.WIQ' on the way, •nd ia a good analog::r > for our liYee in all aspects. The m,yth of prima1á1 aourcee could quite eaeil- > 7 halt any attempt at a summary b7 eimpl.J' questioning the validity of that > ewama...?. If we acknowledge that the articles are provisional, like the ar- > row alway& in a certain direction, then w can be sure that the,- do not ex- > haust the truth about an iasue. !he encyclopaedia would provide an entrance > into the Bahi•i 11niverae via thumb-oail diecuaaion.s. It'a still viable for > me.'' > c)On the T&lue of the rational facult,.z 'Trca 1 Abdu 1 1-B-ha's writings we > can gather that he was very opti•iatic about man' a rational power&••• so muat > we be. How if rationality has a green light, ao to apeak, then truth •nd > coa11uitment mu.st be aeen in a specific light. Then people who lea•• the Faith > for vhat they consider to be fact11al reasons, llU8t be spoken with •nd not > considered as those vho have been blinded by ego and consequently strayed > ott the airat--l~taquim. The point iJI that rationality presuppose& shared > - > meanings which constitutes objectivity. Being a Baha'i does not occur in m:s > head onl~" but •lso in my language. A lot more could be said 011 thu.'' > d)On the lioitations ot Western thinking: á''Seven 7eare of academic research > and study U;l Eastern Religions have made me very aware of the limitations > of certain type6, of philosophical analysis, ••I•, linguistic analysis and > ordinary-language philoaop}\T. What I think ia good ia that people expose > tbemselVeS to ena]y iCal VigOtar••it'& good for the ' á&Oul I and is ap antidote > to several types of complacency: 1)I'm a Bahi•i and that's it; 2)I'm a Baha'i > áand I've got a lot to learn tho~ l'Te learnt nothing vortbwhile yet ••• •• > e)On comparative Buddhist/Baha'i studies: ''As regards Buddhism and Babi•l- > a lot of worl~ to be done. However I don 1 t think appealing to famous people > who have accepted Buddhism and Christianity i.e such a good argument. For > each of those you haTe cited thereis someone famous who wouldn't agree vith > the union. There are plenty of people who feel that a modified Buddhist ethics > could be wedded with a Marxist philoeo~ does that make euch a union Yia- > ble? There is no doubt that certajn Christian mystics and Sufi mystics had > similar described experiences as their Ind].•n and Sri Lankan compatriots. > But ve must reoember that withiJJ Christianity for example such mystical ex- > periences were regarded vith bubeity. Mystical. experience vil1 often be up > for comparison vith nr1stical experience, but what happens vhen IDY'&tica.l ex- > periences differ? Wblcl, is tal-;en as paradipatic? And what happens vhen a > I. UNITED KINGOOK > 3)Robert Par?7 > Interview: > mystical experience goes against the teachings of prophetic religion? 'a:lho wina? > It depend.a on vbat you believe. > As tar aa I know, Buddha in the Pali Canon did not eay reality i.a indivi.sable-- > that sounde like a statement trom Mahayana••• Buddhism and á~ontemplative Chriat- > ianity or mystical Christianity aha.re a point ot contact. ilotice it is not > the obediaace of faith (St. Paul) in Christ's aalvitic ro: ~ in the individuaJ•a > lite which i.a the point ot contact; the contact lies i.n t ~e mystical tradition > which requires a suspension ot normal consciousness. Zen Buddhism and Christ- > ianity' are placed side by side. Because Zen is relativelv weltanscha11ng-tree, > it's basic message ia sitting meditation tor Soto Zen an1 the Koan for Ri.nzai > Zen. Such a technique can be grafted onto Christian pra=tice and advocated > by 'westerners aa being valuable in 'Widening the experienc~ ot the CrJ-i.stian. > Fair enough. But I hardl:! see it aa bridging a áconceptu!il. gap which I feel > is very important. The concept and the experience it both expresses and brings > about are linked.• ~ > - > Mr. Parr/ favoured t~e esteblie~e?tt of an European Balli' i Studies Association, > with some reservations, that ia conditional upon its dedication to academic > and academical~-viahl• work. He is tull1 in favour of the compilation of > an EncycloJ:?!d.ia Bahi'i aa •lroady indicated, and hopes to be peraonall1 in- > volved in ita organization and execution. > Papers: 'Phenomenology, Methodological Agnnaticiam and Apologetics•, 1979• . > 'Revelation •nd ff11maa Nature: •a ea~ on Existential Theology', n.d • > .. > I. UlrtED ID«llX>M > > ,. )Dr. Denis MacEoin teqaagee: Bngliah, Arable, Per- > •iu, French > Degreea: II.A., Edinburgh Vniver- > •itJ i Ph.D., Cambridge Universi- > ty, á1;ag•a College; diuertation > - - 'T_ > topic: ''fr.om lh•~illi•• to B'i.b:usm: > -- - > A StudJ in Ch•riematic Renewl in > §lli'i Islam" > > hte~iev: Dr. HacEoiD •nd I bave corresponded tittullJ' over the past fevá > 7ears, eince I 'began ~ graduate studies in lalimic CiTilisation at the Uni- > Terai~ of Chicago, in fall of 1977. It ws hence with mch pleuure that I > •ade hie acquaintance in December 1980, Ti&liting him in South Wal•!• At that > time he vu writing a nove1, an introduction to the BibI and Bab'l'i religions, > and seeking a publisher for hia full-length biography of rahirih, tbe Bibi > heroine, and for hia translations and adaptations of eevera1 of her poems. > After our di.sc11ssion he was hired as a lecturer b7 the Universit,. of Bewcaa- > - > tle upon 'fyne, and now has a graduate student \1Jlder his inaediate advisement, > Stephen Lambden, vboae area of etudy 'will be Balii'i doctrine and JudeosCbriat- > ian religious tradition with special reference to the Baha'i interpietation > of Biblical texts. Dr. HacEoin ia, according to a letter from Mr. Lembden > - > dated 1}/8/81 ''lecturer in Arabic and Islamic studies''. Dr. MacEoin and Mr. > Lambden are plannins a conference on "The Baha'i Religion and the Great World > Religions'' for April 1982. Are there nine letters of Balii'u'llah at BNUS? > Du.ri~ our conversations together Dr. MacEoin agreed to review my bibliography > tor publication, ud I consider this •n honor as he ia very V!ll preP!red for > - > ascertaining the completeness of those parts entitled '~baylslli', •Bibi', 'A- > -- > zali' 1 and for much 'Baha'i' material aa well. Be personally bas a large col- > lection of Bab! manuscripts. Be ie fa•orable to collaboration between schol- > ars but declined to suggest specific apherea of cooperative effort. Be i.s in > favour of the publication of small runs of translations of scholarly articles > about the Babi and Baha'i Faiths, such as those authored by Ivanov and Gia :Ro- > - > berto Scarcia. He is interested in the comparative study of Babi.'i Faite!nd > o~h.!r religions,_particularly in the analY!i! of_t~e role of megic_in .§!ii' ism, > Babisn and ~!ism, in th! study of Ismi'ili Shi'i.sm, of the Zaydj.s, the Illa- > .Allahi, of ~~i 'i&ci and ~ufism in general, of Baha'u'llah ••as a fufi''• Dr. > MacEoin showed interes~ in the etudy of twentieth-century Bah'i 'i cor?n•zni!Y but > affirmed that access to information and to material is difficult. Bah'i.'i na- > tional histories must be collected and published in some form 80 that es!en- > tial materi~ is not destroyed. He suggested~hat I contact Vahid Rafati for > a bibliography o~ the recent edition of Sha~i literature. We discussed many. > issues of concern to_Ba.11a 1 Is, most of them highly controversial and hence a- > voided by most Ba.~a'is in discussion, especially in public forums. Be asked > whether Dr. Beveridge plans to translate bis dissertation from German into > English. (See D.r. Beveridge for his anewerl) > - > Dr. MacEoin prefers ad-hoc seoinars to the forzuation of a formal association > for_Bahi 1 i studies. If such an association is formed, he feels that non-Ba- > ni • i scholars inte::-ested in the Faith such as William •tcElwee Miller ( Rever- > e~d minister of the Presbyterian Church) and Dr. Mangol Bayat Phillipp (pro- > fessor of Middle Eastern History at Harvard University) and himself ahoul2 > be invite~ to participate. I did not ask him about an Encxclo;p;edia ~á.i > and so am •anable to represent his views thereo11.. > > Papers: 'Analysis of Sources for the Words of the Bib, Baha'u'llab and 'Ab- > du'l-Bana•, 2 pages, n.d. > 'S'iblsm, BaJii•!sr:: and the Irl.nian Constitutional ReTol.ution•, 19 > pat;es, n.d. > I. 1JNl'fED KINGOOK > > 4)Dr. Deni.a MacEoin > Interview: > Papers: '!be Concept of Jib•d in the Babi •nd Baha'i lloT-nts' 1 31 papa, > 1979. . > 'A Critica1 SUrTe~ of the Sourcea far Eer~ Bebi Doctrine •nd Bietor- > 11 with particular regard to the Jrobleu of authenticit7 1 eapecialq > in the case of the Rug,tatul.-Kaf', 52 pages, 1976. > 'Bitu.l. Ulll Semi-Ritual Observances iD Babin and Báha'i• (Part One > and Appendicea), n.d. á > 'The Sbay'khi Reaction to Babim' , a.d. > 'From Sbayt..hiam to Babim: A Stu Islam', 252 pa.gee, 1979. (Ph.D. dissertation) > lfranslations and introductiol'JIS: 'Introduction to tran•lationa of aelected > poems attributed to lfahirih ; 1 Selected Poems attributed to !'•hirih' ; > 'Introduction•, Selections fJ"om the Writimta of .\he Bab, Haifa: Uni- > veraal Bouse of Justicef revision of text of tr•nalationa frail Writ- > ings of the Beb, requested b7 Univerael Bouse •f Justice. > Publicatiomss ''Orient.a Sobolarahip •nd the !eb•'i J'aitb," World Order, 8/4, > 911mer 19'74. > ''The concept of the nation iJI Isl•," World Order, 10/4, a•>••wsr 1976. > ''Ravi.ah-i muta1i' •-J'i 'il mi va karburd-i •n dar tahqiqba-yi Baba' i, '' > ~h&M-i Badi', :rear }2, no. }45. > > 5)Dr. 'Atábas Anar.at Lan~s: English, Persian, Ara- > bic > De~ees: Ph.D., Oxford Universi- > ~y; topic o! diseertat ion: ''Bab- > is in Ir1.n in the 1840•a with > historical background of 1t30's > and 18lto• 11 in Iri.n'' > > Interview: At the time of ~.. interview Yi.th Dr. Amanat he 1-Ad not yet been > awarded his Ph.D., •nd he was still at work paring down his dissertation to > the licit o!" 1201 000 words. He said that he would w&.nt to participate in > Ba!-la•r Studies se~ina.~s after the completion of bis dissertation but was un- > able to attend the July 11/12, 1981 meeting of Baha'i echolars in Lancaster. - > He a£;?'~3d with me that B&-~i•I scholars need to come together, &nd also af- > - > fi~~ed tbat Ba.hi'i scholars need to expand their field, publish articles in > academic journals and in otbe~ periodicals and otherwise acquaint aeadeoics > with t~eir field of etudy. He stated that there has been much and good re- > search on the historical period of the Bab's 111inistry and following, 18'1'•-52 > but so far very little substarititive work on Baha'u'llah'a ministry, 1852- > 1892, and that C".JCh research needed to be done on this period. Bahi'i stud- > ies should not be limited to study of history but should •lao address impor- > • > tant issues includinc the following: > a)future o! the Ba..~'i Faith; > b)Bahi•I vie~ on world i6sues; > c)dialogue between Baha'is and world on the growth ot socialism, on nuclear > war, on environmentalá problems, on technology; > - > a)discussions of essentials or Bahi. 1 i teaching: view of God, whether corresp- > - > ondinG to th~t of old religions or something new; the roota of the Bahi'i > conception of div1De ~ifestation; > e)study of the .Bana•I 'Faith as phenomenon of past and treatment as live sub- > ject in prese~t and future; > !)future stud á 2s in ~eneral; > g)Ba.~a'i invc:ve~ent in politics; > b)Bah'i•i attitude: open and ir~vestigative or evangelical and fanatical.? > - > !>:-. ~anat feels that access to sources fo~ :Ba.bi and Baha'i studies needs to - > be liberalized. lie recom.'7"tended that the next several seminars held in the > U.K. be open for free discussion of specific tteme5, open consultation, dia- > locue rath~r than the readins of pape~s. H~ !eels that the establiehment or > an ac.ade:-.ic centre !or Ba~a' i studies would be too controversial and cost too > much money_to be appropriate for the preoent. Dr. Amanat Rointed out that > what Baha 'is bene~ally acc~pt as the 'official history' of the Cause is not > infaJ.lible, ~d tlJ.at Bali.a' i sc~olars, reg-ardless of tbe-ir religious affiliat- > ion nrust use 6cientific methods in the study of the past. Independent inves- > tisation of reality, th!-oubh use of reason and scientific method is supported > in the Baha'i Writjnes and this should be the meti1od or B:J~á i &eholars. We > need to detach ourselves froc the Weste~n rationalistic and Eastern irrational- > • > > i6tic perspectives and find a trc.nsce!ldent~.l vie\.: a."ld approach to scholarsr~ip. > He is inte~est2d in acquirint: rep~i~ts of old anj copies cf new articles on > Baoi an:i Ba'1e • i topics ll ?.ussi?.n la.r.itUace. Dr. h r:Ja:'lat described the conte!lts > o~ t.is Plá.• D. dissertatior, as :f'oll o\1s: It is about the situatio~ in !ran in > the 1f30's ii!lj 184o•s, a socie..l fii~tory related to the ~istory o! the Babis; > t~e responce of t~e 'ular.~ to the B~bls1 tte rol~ of me~chants1 the ecor-o~ic > situation in Irar. i the conve!'sion of the early Babie in 1(i44; the Bat.I an:i > general histOTY o~ fil:u!"~an, ncrt~ :cast provi:,ce of Iran; the faa.ily baci;r,rour.d > of the B~ jJ'!"io!" to 1844; a..'l intro~uction to rries s i&.:li c movements in the nine- > teenth century; t he Bib's pil~ir:~ce; the i~tellectual, relicious, political, > econo~i c, social preconditions f~: BibisM; interp~etations or Bibisr.-•• > > P -~ > • > .. .... > ~ .~ . > ..,.. > ...;,, ;0.• "'' 6 e • e ' t > , 0-T",I r.• c! • > I. 1JNrrED KINGOOM > 6)ViYa Perdu Tomlin Lenguapa: Bngliab, Perei•n > Degree11s Ph.D. ia propeu, Os- > ford Uni.Yeraitfl topic,_compar- > illg Cbriati•n and Bábi'i OCNlllOIOJ11 > > Interview: Mr. •nd Hrs. 'fomlin kindly accepted • u a guest ill their > home when I stopped into Oxford to visit Hra. Tomlin and Dr • .Amenat, both > graduate students at Oxford UniveraitJ, iD December 19&>. Hrs. TOii] in did > not offer detailed descriptions of her studies, papers or publications. Nor > did al!e answer ~ of my questioll8 about cooperative efforts, ~~yclopedia > Ba."ia'i •nd Baha'i studies. She prefered independent á research to working vith > other Baha'i scholars resident in the u.K. •nd ao ahe seemed to be relative- > ly unaware of their work (as they were quite ignorant of here). She invited > me to sit in on a claaa tor adults offered through Oxford_lJnivereity'e exten- > sion program, and I vas avare that her depiction of Babi'i cosmic theory bore > distinct similarities to that of Mrs. Marian Lippitt, chief compiler of The > Worlds of God compilation with vhom I bad atudietl for a few months. It is > my hope that Dr. Tomlin, for soon eball she be, u aoon aa her diasertatioD > is completed, will Uke a name for herself as a Bab5•I theologian. She cer- > tainly has acquired first-class training in theology at Oxford University. > I. OIHED mfGIX>M > > ?)Stephen Lambden I.anguagea: English, aOlle Arabic, > eOM Persian, lebrev, SJriac, Qr"k > (for Rew Testament readings) > Degrees: M.Litt./Ph.D. iD progreu, > Univerait7 o~Bevcaatle upon fJD•, > -- > Department of Beligioua Studies; > topic: llahi'i doctrine and tTudeo- > Chri.atilln religious tradition vith > special reference to the !alia'i in- -- > terpretation of Biblical texte > Interview: Mr. I,ambden •nd I corresponded prior to our meeting and woad•• > ful, heart-warming and mind-stretching coD.versatione on Jul7 11/12, 1981 iD > L•ncaster. Since then we have also exchano...d a few letters. In Lancaster we > spoke of ~ 11V1ttera á~d I did ~ot keep notes, eo w~.atever I 88'3 here ia > based upon a stale r.lemory, corrected b7 Mr. I.ambden b'!.:nselt. Be showed h!Ja- > selt enthusiastically in favor of the publication of a §..ha1'kl!t/Bibt/BahK•i > . > bibl1~a~, end iD the publicatioQ ot primary aource materi•l• tor Bibi •nd -- > Balli'! studies, in the original tongues. Be ia a prolific writer, but baa not > 7et found a benificent and coura.geoue publishing patron, and ao hie •anuacripte > remain for the present beyond the pale. One of these 'books explores the cri- > teria for investigation of realitJ cited b;J 'Abdu'láBahl-the senses, reason, > tradition. ir.&Spiration and revelation; another book studies some of the mani- > teetationt ot $..~piration. Hi.a interest is primarily in Bahi' i doctrine and - > the Bani'i inter~etation of Jew'!.sh, Chl!ieti•a and Islimic scripture and tra- > ditio!• In the future he hopes to write varivus bool:& designed to expo11nd the > 1'ab&'i understanding of Judaism and Cbristi.8Dtt7 from both a acholarl7 and a- > pologetic stance. He is working on llis M.Litt./Ph.D. having a]rea~ cc11apleted a > desree in Biblical and Religioua Stu4ies at the Univer•ity of ftewcastle upon > Tyne, and ia under the supervision of Dr. D1nie Hac~oin, lecturer in Arabic > and Ielimic .Stlit.':! ~• (eee report I ... )). Ire is vork.i.ng with Dr. >'.acEoiD iD or- > ganizing a Baha'i ati1diea seminar tentatively scheduled ~or .April 1982 and > l:..aving the proviaio:lal subject-heading "The Babi•i Religion and the Cb'eat > World Religiona". In a letter dated 15/5/81 1 Mr. Laobden listed the topics > ot a number of papers he hopes to vzá:lte in the future, based upon collections > of notes compiled over the past ten years: > a)lote-tree motif in the Q~'~n •nd Wr!t;ng& of Bahi•u'llahl > b )T .K.Cheyne, Biblical scholar and Ban&' I; • _ _ > c)Bibli2al texts applied to M~inmad and Islim b;y Muslims and Baliil'ia; > d)Baha'i Christologr; > • )Sabeans I l1c:tndeans and !Jani rs; > t )Ba.hi.' u' lla.h • s ~i!,\tGt.::.i-~g.9.as; _ > g)Paraclete in Judaism, Christianity, Islam and_Bahi.'i Writings; > b)Old T!,atar.ient texts applied to Jesus in Bahi.' i Writinss; > i)Balii'i estimation of St. Paul; > - > j)Jalii'i view o~ the Bible; > k)'J,,YJca in the Bible, Islamic tradition and Ba.hi'i ~riti~; > l)G~~ek p~ilosophe~s and Jevish p~ophete: notes on a Bahi'i doctrine; > m)Biblicu (\uotations in Balii' u' llah' e EsE-enee o_f l~isteries; > n)Bana 'u' llah on Hebrew and S:;Tiac, langu~.::es ot Revelatio.c; > o)Job in Bahi'u'llfdt's La,:~h-i-A,.,:y!t~. _ > Mr. La'!lb1en i.s eaoer to tal:e 1'<áá... t in any so:-t or association of Ba.lii' i scl1ol- > a.rs in Eu:-orie ~d to contri~:;tf. :.ic expertise to the compilation of an ~r.,c:r- > ., _~. > c_.ci.::.e 1:.á-áá > .... ia _,a_l'}a 1. > > P~;>e:-s: - > 'Heroeneut'ics and tht -,a..~a'i 'o!rit~s', n.i. > '.:J.i. ~-~.n-! S;áá e:. á!cur 1-Ic:t l.fs in the Bil: le and t."ri t~s of 3a1ii 1 u' lla.."1 ••• • t > "Z.7 "-- > .-1 > •• ,,... > ~~---t > ""a•-)~ > I~ . .le > > 8)Jan Jasion Languages: English, Polish, some > - > Assistant Librarian > 3aha • i ':/orl1 Centre Library > Russian > De~;:-ees: B.A. in History, Univer- > sity of .lináisor, Onta.cio, Canada; > > aiploma in Polish language, Jagel- > lonian University, Cracow, Poland. > Interview: :1r. Jasion participated in a meeting of Baha'i scholars > from. the United States of America, Belgium, England (and, in his case, > Israel), held July 10-12, 1981, in the home of Pe~er Smith, Lancaster, > U.K. (See report on Mr. Smith 2)), and on the evening of July 10 he > ga 1e the assembled persons a report of his work at the :world Centre Li- > • > brary. I here reproduce rny notes ot his remarks, along ~ith_inforr.ia.tion > gleaned fron ?áIr. Smith's 'Register ot Academic vl_2rk in 3ah'i'i Studies,' > second edition, 19?9, p. 5 and from ~tudes Ba~a'i 5tu1ies, Vol. IV, De- > cember 19?8, ''Three Stu.iies on 3ah•'1' £1istor:r''. During his July 10 dis- > cussion w!,th es ;.!J-. Jasi~n passed around copies of the 'Desiderata• of > the Bahi'i './orld Centre áLibrary, dated 5 July 1981 9 and we were impres- > sed with the nU!!\ber and variety of titles that are being actively so~ght. > Copies ot this list are available fro~ me at coet--I want to encourage > all efforts to stock this collection, already the most comprehensive and > valuable of ita kind in the world, with every conceivable book, journal, > article, pamphlet or unpublished manuscript that contains important re- > ferences to the Bib! and Ba.hi•! religions. This 'Desiderata' liJt was > ma.de and is kept updated entirely on unpaid oá.rertime. The Baha'i ~lorld > Centre Library has very few staff and very little space for the tiny > staff to work. Thia list includes a number of books not specifically > -- > related to the Baha'i Faith but considered good reference ~orks for re- > lated studies which are indispens.able for an international library of > t~e future status aa this collection, establis~ed formally by Shoghi > Et!endi and expanded to well over s.ooo titles by 1948 and to more than > 20,000 catalogued titles by 1981, there being t~ousands ot uncatalogued > items and hundreds flooding in every month from all over the planet. > Mr. Jasion is in charge of acquiring new materials tor the World Centre > Library, and in pursuance of this sacred mission he has been assisted > by Dr. Kent D. 'Beveridge (see report under Gerrlan.y) t Mr. David Sir.anons > (see report under Finland) and Dr. tfoojan 1-fomen (see report under u.K. > 1)). At this July meeting he gave copies of t~e July 'Desiderata' to > Ox-. Loni Brar.ison, Mr. Peter .Smith and myeelf 9 in hopes that some ot > those attending oight be of some assistance to him. Mr. Jasion ex- > pl3.ined how \•re could help hi::t locate and procure books and other mat- > erial tor the h'CL: place this 'Desiderata• list with book dealers and > sellers, and it we are able to locate any of the items thereon, write > láfr. Jasion to ask whetl1er or not he has since received a copy ot the > discovered item, and it he writes back and indicates need for the item, > t~en order it from the book dealer or directly from the publisher it > it is in print, purchase it and send the invoice to WCL. Be asked that > tl1e invoice not be sent to ?-tr. Jasion in a personal letter--it compli- > cates the paperwork. i,áfuenever possible Mr. Jasion orders books direct- > ly trom publis~ers and sel~ted book sellers. The 'Desiderata' list > has been in existence tor a little over one year, and by July 1981 > nine lists had been compiled, the first in Septembe~ and October ot > 1980. It is also my understanding tr•t every month since October 1980 > a list has been compiled of the literature catalogued for the first time > and included in the ~./CL. and that there is no list of literature cata- > logued prior to that date, nor is there any list of book review or of > material written by Covenant-brea..~era catalogued since that ti~e. The > I • U"lI"'i:'D > • J;.,. •-~Il'G;"w':' > • • ;.JI<_ •• 14 > > 8)Jan Jaaion > Interview: > list of catalogued ::iaterial is eo~piled 3nd photocopied !or dietribution > at the World Centre alone afte~ ~or:salworkinJJ ho!lrs and by volunteer la- > bour. There is sh~Pl7 no time to ~a.~e ei~her of these liats generally a- > vailable to 3a~~ is. It there are enori.~h á1olunteers ot assistance an in- > strumentality for distribution My be \~-.1:-ked out in the tcreseable future. > ~ecently, subject bibliorrraphies ~ave b~en compiled at the request ot the > Universal ;:ause of Justice and t~e !land!l ot the Cause of Goii. Mr. Jasion > asserted t~l8.t at present, because of the ahort~ge of staff people and_ lack > of space, t!le only indiviáiuala with unlimited access to the World Centre > Library are the nande of the Cause. So tar subject bibli~graphies have > -- > been completed tor á~olstoi and the Bah~'i Faith' and 'Townshend and the > Ba'li.•t Faith' and one is cut,rently in preparation on•the subject of 'Ru- > bi:r.rih Kbimam and the 3ahi.' i Faith.•. Ot course r.iany Bat~3..1 ia have been > given peraission by the Universal IIouae ot Justice to consult the Inter- > - > national Bahi•i Archives and the World Centre Library, but only tor li- > mited periods of time and.tor researQh of a specific and well justified > nature. • > Mr. Jasionáshoved the assembled scholars copies or letters which are sent > - > regularly to the Bahi • i flat ional Spiritual Asse!"llblies asl-ting them to send > copies of all newly published literature, and occasionally asking for cop- > ies of rare items published in their host countries. He said t!'l.at the > WCL gathers material and builds its collection in the following ways: ac- > ceptance of gifts including photocopies ot rare materials; receipt of the > deposit copies ot new publications requested of the NSAs; purchase. Hr. > - > Jaaion, who is an assistant librarian at the Bahi' i ~'iorld Centre, working > with Mr. \áfilli•m Collins, head librarian indicated that the 1:/CL ia in need > of expert advice; in library science, in archives management and procure- > ment, in Bibi and Bahi•i bibliography, in Persian and Arabic language mat- > . erial, in Hebrew literature, in comparative religion and in the Scriptural > libraries of the various revealed religions. > The ~pose ot allá or this ef!ort is th.e establishment of the International > -- > Bahi'i Library to be constructed on the Arc of Mount Carmel within ten to > ti~een tears and intended to be the world center for the doClL'lMtntary study > of Baha'i teachings and history. There will be space enough for about > fift7 schol•re to atu~ at one time, and so opportunities for use of this > Lib~ary vill be limited but undoubtedly it will work with public and Ba.- > hi' i librariee to make rare materials available through photocopy, photo- > atat, microfilm and inter-library loan and hence have a oonsiderable im- > pact upon the field of Bibi and Ba~i•I studies the world over. > All of the assembled ae~:ed Iáfr. Jasion if a volunteer might make a catalogue > of all material now available in the '.'1CL collection, based upon the card > catalogue, and t~is is being looked into. When such a catalogue ia avail- > able it will constitute the largest and moat valuable bibliography of Ba- > - > ha' 1-related literature in the world. 11'e all wished Mr. Jaaion the very > beat in his work at the Baha'i World Centre. á > Mr. Jaaion, when not wor~:ing for the !ál:L, ia pursuing research on the tol- > lowillg topics, according to Mr. Smith's 1979 Registert _ > Leo 'l'olatoy and the Bah&'{ Faith; Izabella Grinev~a, Russian Bahi'i dra- > matist; BahA' i Faith in Poland, 1871-1943; Baha'i tra,1el teachers in 'East- > ern Europe, 1912-1940; Iiiat2_ty of Bah&•I literature in 'Eastern European > languages, 1914-1940; D~lii'j. bibliography generally. > -- > We did not discuss either an Europeea Bahi.•I Studiea Association or an En- > czc}.ol)!dia Bah!a'i. > > Publication•s '!'A.J.' and th• Introduction of the Bahi•'i Faith into Poland,'' > Etudee BahK'i Studies, vol. IV, n.ceaber 1978, PP• 30-37. > r:'J i••; T"'.' > I • tJTJo11~ .L'_á I_. J...: 1~ !V"' > .-.J á• ~l > '..A.J4 > > 9)British Ba!ia'i Arctives - > > - > This ~áras the fi~st lJational :Jaha' i Arc '.1i~1es I ~.ad the privilege of sa~p- > lins, and it is equi:ped ár1it~: a large eon!'erence table, per:1aps two 11undred > 1looks bound in protecti•1e plastic coá1ers wit~ cards and si.gnatuiáes and kept > in a glass-doored cabinet, anti hundreds of ot:1e!' boo!:a a.'1d articles a.n:f pam- > phlets stas~ed in wooden cabinets ,,,it:-iout or.zanization or protectiáre cover- > ing, and apparently of little appeal to anyone. This space is core lavish > than that provided for t~e Frencll, German, Danish, Ilor•..1egian, Finnish, Aus- > trian or Italian Bar~'l •T t~rchi ves. I ~..ave seen many b~xes of boo1~s and other > literature in the cellar of t'he British f!azira.tuá'l-'1ud.s, and so I ass,une t 11at > this collection is actual!:'! r.rui:r tir.ies lar~;er t 11an it á.-1 ould first see~ to be. > iá!~r list ot its holdings is representative onl~r of t hose selections found on > . > the second floor of t!1e r.i:azi!":.:t.tu' 1-'iuds and in t:1e ~oom in which the cata- > ~ > > lo;~ed arcl1ives are kept (eá1en as tl1e treasures of our soule, some dressed > up for public display and ot!1ers, just as ~raluable pe!:haps, s11oved into the > obscure background, shut up in a box and forgotten unt i l discovered by some > bibliomaniac in his search for t:1e 'rarest of t~e rare' ) , and al tl1ough I > have listed all of the catalogued works, I am not confident that my list > includes all of the uncatalogued r.iaterial in those wood cabinets. In any > case, the authors repi-esented in this collection include the following {too > many titles to cite here--please order the complete list if it can be ot > any value to you): > Ba.'la'u'llah, in English translation; 'Abdu'l-Baha, in Englis~ translation; > Shoghi Effendi, in English; Rands of the Cause residing in the Holy I.and; > 1-~aye Ha.r1ey Gift; National Spiritual Aa~embly of the BaH'lt'ts áot Canada and > > - > the United States of America; David !Iofman; Zoe !-1eyer; Brigadier-General Per- > cy Sykes; ?álirzi Assad'u'lla..li, in English tr~lation; :!.?~. "Balyuzi; Lady > Blomfield; Thornton Chase; Thomas Kelly Cheyne; Stanwood Cobb; Hippolyte Drey- > fus; John E. Eaalemont; Mirza Abu'l-Fa~l, in English translation; John Fer- > raby; l-1ary Hanford Ford; :-1 arzieh Gail; Julia r.f. Grundy; 1.ál.'t'I. Harmon; Eliza- > beth Herricki Gayle Woolson; Albert Durrant Watson; George Townshend; K.J. > Spaulding; t-tirzi. AJ;!mad SoQ.ri.b; '.'lilliam Sears; Cr.arlee f1ason Remey; Horace > Ilolley; ?azel Mazanders.ni; rrational Spirit1~l Assembl:':' ot India, Pakistan > and Bu..~; Beatrice Irwin; láf anchester 'Sa~a'i group; !á!ay 4á- iaxwell; Ruth_J. > - > f.:loffett; ?'1ary Perkins and Philip Hainsworth; Florence E. Pinchon; fáfabil-i- > Zarandi; M. ~idayat Hosain; Martha L. Root; Peter Essle~ont; Isabella D. Brit- > - > tingham; Paul : Hall; Laura Clifford 3arney; i-1JTon H. Phelps; Edith :s. Schliapper; Francis > Henry Skrine; Sydney Sprague; Ed1.4 rd T~eodore Hall; IIowa.rti Colby Ives; Loral > > - > Schoffiocher; K.T. S'.:ah; !1argaret B. Peake; Glenn A. Shook; George Orr Lat- > imer; Rlll1iyyih Rabb'ini; Bernard Leach; Helen s. Goodall and Ella Goodall > Cooper; ráfary L. Lucas; !Jarry Undy; Jane Bradshaw; Angela Andereoni \i. Wilson > Cash; Sir E. Denison Rose; Edward Granville Browe; Lawrence Oliphant; 5.G. > '.Jilson; George Napier Whittinghai11; :rtoma Lister; Adib Taherzadeh;_Bah&'u'llah, > ill German translation; William Sears, in German translation; Nabil-i..z&ran- > di, in German translation; Ba.lii'u'llah, in French translation. > .' > > 10)Lancaste= oeeting, July 10-12, 1981 > > T::e follo1..,ing :re ".:'.y re"rise1 ::ti.nutes of t ":":e ~eeting o! ~. Loni I3ra."!15on > Dr. ~lendy : 1o~en, Dr. :!oojan iio::en, Kr. áIan .Ja.sion, rtr. S ':ephen Lar.ibden, :tr. > Robert Parry, á:r. Peter Sr.!it~ an~ ~'r. Peter Terry Jr. 0 1.rer the i.-1eel Juljr 11-12, 1981 in the home ot S•m•oi, Corinne and Peter Smith. The first > issue of minutes went out áto partieipants a couple ot weeks after the meet- > ing and thev \1ere t ~ien responded to ani t hese r:tinutee reflect t~e responses > of rrrJ colleagues, although I take respo~sibility for all of the manifold > • > errora '.t'1 i.!'!'.~ 1"!'1ay continue to lurk "!erein. á > • .... > - - > ( 1 ) ~egarlfi:ig t !1e pu'.)lieation of a s t rict .._., scholarly Ba!1i.' i perio ~iical: > a)Status of ~tp.1ies in ~~b,i..an1 Jah~'..~. :ri~.tor;y, vol. I-- > George ~onald Publishers was t~e fi~st publisher considered and its e- > ditors asked tor so many unacceptable mo:iifications of t :á.e original text > that the aut~ors decided 'to su~mit the manuscript to anot ~er publisher. > Tá.-10 years ago it was accepted tor publication b 'r Kali::iit Press, but hi:•s > not yet ~eer. ~uthorized tor publication in the United States by the Ba:ta'i > Review Co ..~~.:..:tee of the American :á!SA. As f'ar as the pub: 13her, editor and á > authors of t~ia work are aware, it has yet to be revie~ed at all. Shortly > t~ey will c~nsider its publication tn the U.K. through sc~e other channel. > Dr. lá!oojan ? clude ?átr. Peter Smith, :4r. Robert Parry and Dr. Loni Branaon 9 if I am not > mistaken. > á b)T!te assembled participants do not all of them have a high regard !or > the edito~il.l polioies and academic or literary q11ality of either \ál orlri > Ord.er or Et~~d.es gahi' f Studies (the forme:- a publieation of the American > - > tiSA and the. latter of the Association tor Bahi'i Studies, centered in To- > ronto, Car.ad&). For this reason t ~ey were not in favour ot submitting > their volume to eit!ler !or possible publication. Dr. ltornen states his > preference !or the F.lblication or an occasional volume ot papers over > - > the issuance ot a re:- ;ular journal of Baha'i studies, whatever its pub- > lishing schedule aa ~eing ti:'.te-saving, without deadlines of severe and > sometL"!les inhibiting nature, and without need tor fillers, and teoptation > to offer anything but top-quality wor!• ~'lith regard to volumes ot ar- > ticles, it 11tas pointed out that '!Ja:fa' i ..Pe:rspect i_;1es q,n Cr.ri~t i,ani tár• the > book proposed b•r C~istopher 3uck and Steven Scholl is the second seriOU8 > - > attempt on th! part of Ba.hi• i to y.i~lis:-i a selection of scholarly arti- > c:.es on Ba~i!' i-relateái topics. 3orne ot the participants ,_-1ere appro:>ached > by ~á!ssrs. Euck and .S~holl just prior to this meetinr, to write articles > tor the proposed book, to be publiaheái by Kalirnit Press in the not too > distant future. T11ere is no re..!son w LY un,iveraity libraries w!ll not buy > a volume such as s.t;u_dies in Bib,i; a!ld ~ahi' 1:. ~istcry. No Bani' i publisher > ll!lJ!I r.a~e an all-out effort to r.t.arket their books to libraries and in par- > ticular to academic institutions. It was eonceeded that capital is the > - > necessary foundation of marlceti:ig and 3a!la ' i publishers are endo,.,ed with > precious little fluidá capital. George Ronald Publishers will na.~e its > first serious attempt to r.iar!at! a book to_acadernica with the publication > in 1981 of Dr. :-tomen' s T111e ~~i ,and Ba~• i R_!l.li!)ions, 18l1 1 t-19'~1, Sor.ie Con- > te~norar ~ecou..~ts. á > c Dr. TAr.i B::áMson suggeated that the NS& of Belgium might print a vo- > lume of scholarly articles and t~t it might be bound into a book locally, > in . Englan1. Mr. Jan Jasion insisted t 11a.t printing can be done more cheap- > ly in Canada than in the United States or England • . Dr. ?1omen rer.iarked that > 1? > I. UNITED KTI7GOO?át > > 10)Lancaster meeting, July 10-12, 1981 > George Ronald ia1,rinting his book in the United States becaua~ costs there > are so ~uch less than in E?li~lan~, even including the price of oversea.a pos- > - > tage. Itr. Ter?'y promised to price the coats of printing in Ife\4 England, > and to supply tl1at information to the next convocation of Ba!la' i scholars > in the United Kingdom. á > (2)~egarding the holding ot annual seminars with presentation ot scholarly > papers: . > a)Propoeed organization of an European Bah8. •I Studies Association-á > - > Investigate the operation of the Bahi'i International Esperanto League > as a possible model for such an Associationinobody volunteered. > There are mixed feelings and thoughts on thia subjeot but the .views most > • > often voiced are: •. > -That Bah&'{s should be able to meet to discuss Bana•i and Bibi history > and teachings without inhibitions, among themselves and with individuals > .. . - > who are not enrolled members of the Ba~ 1 i cor.ununity • > 'á > -That there is conaid9r!ble resistance to the organization and carrying > out ot such meetings on the pert of some enrolled members of this comnunity. > -That the conferences, surmner schools and other of fieially planned com- > munity convocations have not allowed for an open and yet disciplined intel- > lectual. exchange of information and perspectives and interpretations. > -That those instrumentalities which have been ostensibly established in > - > order to encourage Baha'i atudiea have ao far become what one participant > called •an advanced deepening institute probably combined with propaganda . > . . . among the universities', essent~ally and exclusively subjective rather than > objective, ideological rather than dispassion•te, dogma.tic instead of scien- > . ., . ; > tific in method. > - > .JThat individ11•l Baha'ia have jealousl1 defended and oftea irreconcilable > views ot. intellectual enquiry, of open and •scientific' study of their own > religion, and that we are not ready to listen to each other and to reach a > higher ground that can be shared by all • > .rlot all of rq colleagues would agree with all of these statements, but all > of them will agree with some ot them. The discussion ot the last topic, ot > our differing viewe waa particularly ricn with contraat, colour and convic- > tion. Mr. Smith championed the phenomenological approach to tge etu religion1 Dr. Moman regarded the acientific study of the Baha'i Faith as > similar to taking a step outside ot one's self in order to see the reality > . thereof more clearly; Mr. Parry insisted that, to quote hie subsequent let- > ter in which he. reiterated this point with force, 'we should not try to be > servants of agnostic or potentially atheistic methodology, but to be aware > - > that we are Bahi'is engaged in 1'academic'' research. Not everything that > comes from the pen of a person who is honestly committed to a particular > horizon is propagandist.'' Dr. Bremeon affirmed the distinction between a- > cademic research and intellect11al discussion, and personal spiritual commit- > ment to the Faith. and insisted that she aeea no contradiotion between the > two and that she ia a Baba'{ first •nd an academic scholar second. ?ti-. Ter- > ry offered bis perspective, that scholarship ia a spiritu•l exercise, the > intellectual arm of deepening, and aa richly regarding for the speaker and > writer aa for the listener •nd reader, hence not as something ae)M\rate from > Baha'i life but as a natural. and necessary extension thereof. > b)Reporta of personal meetings with selected Counsellors-- > Dr. Loni Bramenn met with Mr. Louis Henu.et, Continental Co11nsellar for > Europe, resident of Belgiwa, tior to her attend•nce at .thta meeting, and > to11nd him supportive of Bab.K' acholarship, convinced that unleaa an intel- > lectual. approach to the Bahi 1 I Faith, including Bahl.'l studies is vigorous- > I. UNtl't;D KINGJ0%á1 > > 10)T.ancaster meeting, July 10-12, 1981 > lv.. cultivated on t'h.e European Continent t~1e i:nr.iediate prospects of t:1e propo- > zation of the religion of Go(t are dis~c:.l indee'i. :Ie feels that •..;e~e an Eur- > opean Ba~'la'i 3tu.lies Associati"."!n to be formed, it could only be span.sored > either by t~e ?fatioasl Spirittnl Assembly of the United Kingdom or t!t3.t of > Gert!~á (Jr. Bra.-nson later wrote me in a letter dated 3/9/81, that she > 'trote, on beá~~lf of the ~oup assembled in Lancaster this weekend, •to tae > European CBC• about a European ilistory Project. In this letter I exp~aine1 > that for several reasons we do not want a !or~al Baha'i Stu1ies Societv in > Europe. When I spoke with Louie Henuz~t after the meeting, he agreed, ~nd > aciazingly enough cited all the same re:• 3ons cited at the meeting••, although > I didn't tell him what they were. We certainly don't need help in setting > one up, aa you suggested Canada could do. All ot us are m~mbers or other > professional societies. I think it would be better to letát~inga evolve á > here naturally.' > ~lr. Smith, on pilgrirnalJe to Haifa, Israel, met with t~ssrs. Aziz Yazdi > and Hooper Dunbar, Contine~tal Counsellors serving with the International > Teaching Centre. He found both of these indivi1uals to be encouraging and > enthusiastic regarding the renaissance of Baha'i studies and desiring to be > kept informed of progress made. He !lleo found the Universal House o"! Justice > members to be wholeheartedly supportive of his own academic scholarly efforts. > t-tr. Terry, who met briefly with 1-fra. Ursula ?.fuhlschlegel and ~.fr. Zrik > Blumenthal, both of them members of the European CBC, in late ?4ay 1981, and > . who discussed the prospects for organizing an European Baha'i Studies Asso- > ciation and about Baha'i studies in general and the concept of an Encyc~~~ > . Redi,!l Baba'\ (please see reports on these individuals under section on Ger- > many), tound both of these Counsellors to be personall7 supportive otááand > . interested in the development of Baha'i studies, and both also insisted that > all proposal.a for international projects in this field be submitted to the > ... Universal House of Justice tor guidance and adjudication. > . . c)Continuation of small. relatively informal conferences in the U.K.-- > Mr. Stephen l•mbclen informed ua that ~á~e and Dr. Denis MacEoin proposed > that the next meeting of those present take place in September 1981 at a á > conference to be organized by the two of them at the University ot Newcastle > upon Tyne; we asked them to please postpone this meeting until April or May > 1982 to give prospective participants adequate time to prepare substantive > papera for presentation. The theme of this conference is provisional~v es- > tablished aa 'The Baha'i Religion and the Great World Religions•. We shall > no doubt be hearing more about this occasion in the near future. (Please > see reports on l.fr. Lambden and Dr. l1aeEoin tor their addresses if you '"ish > to write either of them regarding the up-coming conference.) It was also > recommended that the participants in the next meeting be sent copies of all > or moat of the papers to be presented so that they can be read prior to the > meeting--all 'negotiation.a• should be made directl.J' with the organizers. > (J)Register of Baha'i Studies > After circulating hi• 1979 'Register of Academic Work in Baba' i Studies' , > Mr. Peter Smith turned over all of the material he had collected to the > Association tor Baha'i Studies (then denominated the Canadian Association > tor the Stud:r of the 3aha • i Faith) with the understanding that they would > continue his \'lork, updating and expanding and circulating this unique •ae- > giater•. All participants agreed that t~ia work should continue, alt~ough > A.a.s. has yet to circulate a revised 'Register•, in either 198o or 1981. > (~)En~yclo2!dia l!,aba'i > a1Biographical Dictionery-- > Mr. Jasion remarked that the World Centre, that ia the Universal House of > Justice and its subsidiary institutions is in need ot a biographical die- > I. utáiITED Kil:GOOM > > 10)Lancaster meeting, July 10-12, 1981 > .... - - ~ > tionav describing prominent 13abis and Baha' is and t'.1e '.letaila ot 3abi and > 1ana'i history. Dr. ltomen indicated that l1e ia attr:tcted to this sort ot > project and had thougl1t of compiling sue~ a dictionary himself' t along with > - > an 3.Ilnotated bibliography of literature useful for the study or Bahi'i his- > tory, and a cornpre~ensive chrono~ogy, maps and ~loss~y, but conceeded that > ~1e will probably never und~rtal{e sueh a pro j ect. His reason !or not commit- > ting hi~self to this work is that by the ti~e one ~oes enough research on > ~ny one individual prominent in Ribl or 3ahi'i history, one might as well > write a full-scale biography of that person rather than content oneael! > •,1ith a short article f'or a biographical dicti2,nary, inas~ch as '\lmost > nothing has been written about 8.!lY of the Bibis and Bahi'is and even about > the Central Figures of the Baha'i Faith, in comparison with the dozens and > in some cases hundreds of exhaustive biographies written about t ae lives of > prominent European and American public figures, such as kings and queens > and painters and poets, not to ~ention prophets, and also in view of the > E~Teat deal of research one 'A'ould liave to do il! order to gather information > about the life of 8.n:f prominent Bib! or Ba!la•i. > b)Encyclopedia- > - > iá1r. Robert Parry and ~tr. Terry in consultation with l-1r. Abu'l-Qasirn Af- > nan a~d many other Bahi'is conceived or the compilation of an ~l\..cyclope~j.a > ~abi~i independently of each other and during the months which directly pre- > ceeded this tneet.ing. They spoke or their concepts with the assembled par- > ticipants and these were received with polite tolerance but for the most > part disapproval. It was remarI<::fMl that a corporate life of some variety > would have to oversee the compilation or such an enormous work, that this > would be the work ot an Institute, not of a loose-knit group of individuals. > The standing ot such a project would have to be defined via a' via the Uni- > versal House of Justice. Dr. ?!omen pointed out that each of us has a li- > oited lifeá.span and can accomplish only a limited body ot work, al'\(l that > no•-' ia the time to collect primary source material and to 1.'1ork with some > secondary material, and that the compilation ot an Encyclopedia ia prema- > ture, inasmuch as it ia the fruit of generations of scholars, based upon > áthousands of scholarly articles and books, a third stage project. lfe !avours > the pursuit of practical, attainable ai~e, and the production of work of en- > during value. Important iesues \tere raised by all participants, and ~tsars. > Parry and Terry conceeded that they do not yet have answers to many of their > colleagues' questions: 1:/ho will finance this project? \fuo will organue it? > \iho will edit? á"Jho 'fill write? idho will research? l>/ho will revi•v? Who will > publish? Who will choose topics to be included, length of articles ••• ? Mr. > Parry, in a letter refreshing my memory after the meeting and upon his re- > ceipt of the first draft ot this report, wrote that 1 An encyclopedia by > any other name, would do. For it to work there doesn't have to be a reser- > voir of clearly defined primary sources--,.,ho is to detine it? The worká > could contain short pieces on various things from Absolute to Zayn al-Muqar- > ibin. There cguld be written fairly quickly and would give the direction in > which we Bana'is move. A fixed arrow is always on the way, and is a good > analogy for our lives in all its aspects. The myth of primary sources could > quite easily halt any attempt at a summary by simply questioning the vali- > dity of that summary. If \'19 acknowledge that the articles are provisional, > like the arrow always in a certain direction, then we can be sure that they > do not exhaust the truth about an issue. The encyclopedia would provide an > entrance into the Bahl'i universe via thumb-nail discussions. It's still > viable tor me.• t-t r. Terry ventured to assert that th• compilation of an en- > cyclopedia could serve as a rallying point for Bahi'i scholars, a.a a tocua > for their collective energies, for the d7namic expression and formation of > T!tár~n v-á IáG~'á > I• Ji. ~.l:J ro..l• !.A.I.'! > > 10)Lar.caster neetins. Jul7 10-12, 1921 > spiritual unity of t :1e learne:i of ~a.~1a and of t~e entir ~ eo!':l."'lUnity of :\1- > Ab:i.ai :m,j t :~at in cor.ipilinrr 5tlC1:t a ,.,or!-:, á.11.ich mi ,: h.t •:1e J.l ta~á:e decades, > an entire :;eneration or eáren t •.-10, t he indi •ri átual scholar '...rould contrioute > c!l.1.:r ..,~t ~.1e o!' s ~:e can r!o best, not'.'li?i.;! bl.it t'1e !)est, á..1ith !l.n understandi!l.']; > t~'l t e•.r entuall•r• > t .1e co":lnlete > • > at!'-uct,.ire •á1i 11 be rai3ed llnd t~e full \átor!-: ~1ade > a ár'!i lab le to t~ e inquisi ti á."e rearter. ?á!r. S::?i t :1, 1Jr. J:""a.rison and Dr. '.!endy > ~!o~en ~roi.ce1 t ~-: eir a,~eenent •.á1 it i1 :>r. !toojan '.-lor.ten t 1.!at such a project is > pre~.1ture at t ~1i3 ti :~e. 1 > .!e a~eed to disa~ee. :tssrs. Parry and Te~ry are > still 3ttac~ed to the conce~t. - > ( 5)Zuropean !!iator'IJ Project > ~!r. Terry understands t!i.at the Uniá1ersal Iiouse of Justice !las t-1ritten a > nlL'!l~er of .i:uropean I13As asking them to underta~\:9 the C')::lpilation and. \-lri te- > U!] of t '.1 eir respecti,re national 3a:ia• i histories, that is ot the de;relopi.tent > ot the °"3(!1.:-:.a • i Fait:1 in thei~ specific countries. As far :is he kno~á1s, such > ":listories are bei?lg á.-1ritten or :1ll~1e been completed in ~\ustria (by Dr. Kent > ). Je 11eri1~;e and iá1r. Kat:ibiz Poostchi and others, see reports), Norway (by > iá! :-s. Gerd. Strand a!ld :•i iss Gudrun Ofate~aard, see reports), .Finland (by I1r. > !Iarri Peltola, see i"'eport), S\ofeden (b~r f.fr. Paul .:itolpe and Iátr. Ezzat Djaza- > :reri, see reports) 1 Den.':'larlt (by !lies Kaya ~lolclt 1 see report), Spain {láliss > 'lfi?... ~inia Orbiaon, Casi ta Rosa, :tonte de Sanoha, J.'!alaga, Spain), Italy ( ~á~ •. > Feri rtazl...m, via. S. Yorio, Locarno, Switzerland), and France (rlr. David ~red > Blacl~er, 8, rue Gaston l(eller, 57000 lletz, France). > !>r. Bramson a .:1. ..YJ.ounced tliat sl1e plans to study 3elzian 3aha. 1 i history and > to receive perr.1isaion to consult currently closed port:i.ons of the ~\r.ierican > Ilana' i ~!ational Arc!1ivea collection in ':lilmette, Illinois. In pursuance > of her air.i she has already undertal~en some intervie\áTS ~.,it~1 ''old belieá1ers'' > and has discove:-ed a fair nw:1ber of relevant docu.~ents. She mentio~ed that > t!1ere are Ishqabadi !3a!'!.a' is living in Belgium. :átr. Terry mentione~ encoun- > tering soMe Ishqabadi ~aha'is in Finland, or rather be~~1 encou:-age1 to tape in- > terviwa with t~l!"ee Is!1qabadi 3aha' is by a iátoscovite Da~1a. 1 i whilat in !Iel- > sin!::i. Dr. 3ra"'.!son also :1opes .t o write Ba}la 1 i histories for the D1ltch, Lux- > embourgish and French comotmities. > Dr. rroo j an llomen avered t '.'lat no one person could compile a comprehensive > history of the British Baha'i community inasmuch as there are big gape in > t~e historical accounts whic~ presently exist and comparatively little and > diso1~ga.nized documentary evidence. :!e noted that o.z. ~.'l1itehead and l~ichard > Beale r.iay be ,,,orking on the '.o/riting of a British 3aha'i history, > • > and that > Continental Counsellor Setty ~eed has asked for information on the Ishqabadi > ~1a'is to be collected. > ':le discussed the idea of an European llistory Project to which Baha' is from > the various European national eoanunities could contribute and as a locus for > t1.e pooled talents of a number ot Ba..'1a'i historians, and Dr. Bramson indicated > t!:.at slie would talk with !á! r. Louis Henuzet and also write a letter to the > Continental Board of Counsellors regarding this proposal. (On August 9, 1981 > Dr. Bramson vrote oa froo B~ussele to the effect that she had recently talk- > ed .,.,ith !áIr. Henuzet and written the CBC and th.at the future of this proposal > \IBB aq1aarely in their hand.a.) > > (6)Guidelinee tor the review of sc~olarly literature > a)Problema with the review of manuscripts beinr, submitted for publication > and written by Baha'i authors, by Jeview Committees appointed by the Nation- > al Spiritiwl Asaembliea-- > Loaing of manuscripts; slowness of response; insistence of reviewers on > exclusive emplo71Dent ot stock ''Baha • i'' terms in scholarly articles, regard- > leais of their audience; ad~erence of revieá..rers to one system of Perso-Arab- > ic transliteration, regardless ot the readership; inadequate theological and > > 10)Lancaster oeeting, July 10-12, 1981 > > h isto~ ical and acade~ic pre!)aredness or reviewers; double-standards: review- > ers •. r:10 criticize in academic articles and books in the field of BS.bi and - > - > Baha'i studies 'trhat t l1ey t ~1 er.1se1~1es practice in t:teir respective professions > and fiel1s o! specialization; power politics: t~e position o! the reviewer > s1.-1 ella not a few lteada; there is actually no committee: onl:,• individuals > R!)pointed to review, no consultation bet~-1een revie•.1 ers; anon:rr.iity of review- > er so t~at no personal rejoinder and dialogue is possible; failure to dis- > tinr;t1ish in many cases bet•.áreen editing, á.-1hich is the 2re!'o0t ... ~."e o~ ~h.e '!:J1.lh- > lis!ler, and review for accuracy of port:::-a:ral of 3a~tiá i teaci1in~s and history > an:i 't'lit!1 t11e aim of protecting t~!e Faith from its enemies and the believers > f!"or: controvers~r. M > > b)Letters from the Universal House of Justice on review-- > T11ose \'1110 attended !'ead copies of letters on árevie•..t 't1ritten bi tl1e Uni,1er- > - > sal !Iou3e of Jt1stice an1 by the Jesearch Department at t~e Ba.!1a' i \á/orld Cen- > tre, one of \lhic~ "Jtas publis:1ed in part in an issue of lah~' i l'Teltrs, a..'l.d > - > ot~ers aent directly to individual 3ahi'i scholars and then circulated by > t 11er:? to eac~ other. All of tl1ese letters t'lere most encouraging to Ba..lta.' i > sc:1olars and carefully explained the need for revie'" !t t l1is time, in order > to protect against the misrepresentation of the Baha'i Faith by its own fol- > - > lo\'1ers, •.'/ho are often not fully informed ot the facts and ot their correct in- > terp:-etation; to correct tite misconceptions of 3a~' is and non-Bahi' is; to - > alleviate the occurrence of scornful attacks ,.,hie~ take ad,rantage of these > ~i~e~esentations ~~1 miseo~eeptions voiced (and published) by Bahi. 1 is. All - > tl-1ose present were impressed by ,the tone, the reasoning and measured voca- > bulary of these letters from the Uni"rersal IIouse of Justice. Tl-:.ere vras lit- > tle discussion--my feeling was that further discussion would be fruitless: > tl1e ~Iouse had spo!'.'..enl á > c)Characteristics ot certain Review Committees-- > - > Ea.ch Bahi'i community has its o~n standard~ for the review of material > submitted !or publication by Baha'ls on B!hA'i-related topics. Df• 3rar.taon > affirmed that in Belgium and France Ba..i.i' i scholars never have an}\ diffi- > culty with Review Committees, that, in fact, it is difficult to get them > to review material written by scholars; in Belgium the lTational Spirit\1al > Assembly told Dr. Bramson that it !eels there is nobody in Belgium quali- > fied to review her academic work. :-1 r. Smith noted t11at review \'18.S an is- > sue in England a few years ago but t~at now the knowledu"'8 . and judgement of > - > individual Baha'i scholars is more consistently appreciated, :t.nd, at the > ti1lle of this meeting, five out ot the twel,re reviewers were participating > in this conterencel Dr. l~oojan tfomen said t1'..at he looks through whatever > is submitted to him for review and it it is acceptable, he sends it back > to the committee secretary recommending approval; he has yet to turn down > a manuscript. Several or those present pointed out that review takes > less than two months on most occaaions in the United Kingdom, and that > t11ey also have an ''emergency review'' proceedure to hand.le books and arti- > cles which must meet a publisher's deadline and soon, or else •••This in > - - > contrast to the Review Committee ot the American l~SA which has yet to res- > pond to Stu~ies in Bibi a;i~ Ba..118•~ His~orx, vol._I, t~o years after it waa > offered !or review prior to publication by Kalimat Press. ?á!r. Terry men- > tioned the difficulties whicn ásome Germ•n Baha'i scholars have encountered > with the Review Connnittee of the German NSA as presently constituted. > Participants agreed th&t there must be personal contact with reviewers > in order to change the sometimes rigid and dogmatic views ot some of the > individuala appointed to pase judgement upon the written compositione of > their co-religion!sia. All admitted that review will go on, like_i~ or > not, and that Ba..~'i scholars must accomodate to thi.a tact ot Baha'i life, > I. UltI'rED Kn?GOOrI > > 10)Lancuter meeting, July 10-12, 1981 > one ,.,a,, > .. or ~other. :re started t~11s discussion iárith the idea t~t '!.•re, a > group ot Ba'ha' i sc:á.olars, might draw up a set of guidelines tor the review > of sc~olarly literature in the field of 3~bi and Ba~a'i studies, which we > r.ti~ht t\?en propose to the Universal House of Justice, ani/or to the indi- > á1i iual tlSAa &."ld t:~eir ~eview Comittees. By t~1e ti:ne we finished reading > t~e letters from the Universal !!ouse of Justice our enthusiasm for drawing > 11p any sue!\ guidelines á11as entirely dissipated; ,.,e seem to have, at least > teaporarily, resigned ourselves to the way thin~s are nov, to put up and > s~ut up, or try to c~ange policies by getting to know the reviewers per- > soMlly. We "'ere moat impressed that the Universal House of Juatioe praised > the intellectual eftorta ot a Baha'i scholar, Iáfr. Jtaan Jicardo Cole, whose > specific conclusions in one of his articles (published in Uorld Order on > the subject ot the Manifestation of God) the House did not itself entirely > sr.:.are and agree withl Paranoid scholars, ta?te heedl > (?)Baha'i Studies Centre . > Participa..~ta asked whether the Association !or Baha'i Studies has es- > tablished a .!laha'i Studies Centre in Toronto, Canada, and 1'1r. Terry pro- > mised to c~eck on this and make a report. (Mr. Terry haa since tall~ed > ,.,ith ti-10 merlb•re ot the Executive Board of A.B.S., Dr. Husain Daneshá and > Dr. Williar.a Hatcher, and the representative of t~e American ~ISA to that > Board, Mr. John v/albridge, and accordir.~ to the information he has been > able to collect so far, the A.B.s. headquarters is located at 224 Fourth > i\venue, Ottowa, Ontario, Canada K1S 2L8, and it comprises an entire build- > ing, adjacent to the campus of the University of Ottawa, and is intended > to become a Baha'i Studies Centre under the jurisdiction of A.B.S and the > Canadian NSA.) . > }le also asked .Dr. 1~toojan Momen whether such a Centre tor Baha'i Studies > might be associated with the Afnan Library in the future, and Dr. Homen > said that he and the other two trustees of t:1e Libra.r:r have considered > this eventuality in a positive light, but that such a Centre will not be > coming into existence in the very near future. > T.aetly, tie aa.l(ed Mr. Jasion if the Universal House ot Just ice contem- > plated establishing an Institute tor Baha'i Studies in Haifa and connected > with the International Ba.~• i Library and the International Baba' i Ar- > . chives, and I.fr. Jasion said that the International Baha'i Library, which > will be able to accomodate approxi:na.tely fifty Baha'i scholars at any one > time, will not be completed, t~t is the structure tor this.collection > will not be raised for ten to fifteen years yet, and that, properl:r speak- > ing, this would not tu.Dction as an Institute for Baha'i Studies, but > rather as ~ other reference library. > (8)Publication of prima17 source :nate~ials > Dr. láloojan Moman noted that Kalimat Preas is reprinting Tahirih the > Pure, by Martha Root, with an introductory essay on Martha Root by l.farzieh > Gail, and three Appendices and tour pages ot Retea, in 1981, and that the > American Bal1a'i Publishing Trust is publishing a reprint of E.G. Browne's > translation of •,\bdu'l-Baha'a history ot the Ba.bi and Baha'i Faiths, en- > titled A T~avele?"'s liarrative, without the tlotes and Appendices which char- > acterized the second volume of.hie work, and without the Persian language > origiml text edited by Mr. Browu published in the first volume. > I.fr. Lambden insisted upon the need for circulation of accurate copies > ot primary sources, p•rticu1arly of Babi and Ba1".a' i Scriptures in their > original tongues, •nd alao of histories and photographic copiea and care- > tull.J edited tranaoriptions and scholarly trea•lationa of original docu- > ments. T~e other participants in the meeting did not indicate much in- > > 10)Lancaster ~eeting, July 10-12, 1981 > tere.st in t'.1is :'"latter' ,_.,ith tli.e exception or :tr. Terr)"' 'rlhO has becor.te pain- > full~r ~~á:are of t':'.e need for i.lore efficient circulation of such r.iateriala > t ::.rou:;h his cons1.lltation.s \á1ith s,!:\:1i'l sc:"?olars on t~e Continent (and subse- > q•.1ent1~~, i:i t::e United States of Aoerica). Jr. ;too,jan ~to11en noted t~mt E. > G. 3roá.me Gt!:died t 1::ree ;.'lanuscripts of t:-..e n('\•ran-i-~!'"sI, and that it \iOuld > be relati~1el~r ea.s:r to cor.ipa.re his copies •:1 ith t ~:oae in !!aifa and hence to > pre~e a carefully edited and authentic edition or t l1e i-lotrler Book of t11e > 3~b} ~evelation fo~ eventual publication and ~eterence by students of the > - - > labi and 3ar.a'i Faiths. Professor Browne's careful study of hie three manu- > scripts is stored in a box in the Cambridge University . Library • > ( 9) :.:eport on t~e .ft:f'nan Library by Dr. tloojan =átor.ten > á.r.:1en I!and of t~~e Cause of God IIasan ?-t. Balyuzi passed away, his \~ill pro- > vided for his private library be established as a reference library and re- > search facility for students of the Bibl and Bahi 1 'I :t'aiths and Persian Gulf > region. !le appointed his 'rlfe, his son }obert and hi.a research assistant, > Dr. iioojan Ito;'jen, as tr,1stees of t:"?.e library, and provided that a cember of > eac11 family continue to ser11e in concert to ~overn thia institution. !-lr. > ~alJ'l.lZi intended for his collection to be the hub of a research institute, > not just a librarz. At sooe tir.ie in the future the Trust may be able to > establish a Baha'i Studies Centre and also ta..~e part in the publication of > scl1olarly literature in the field ot BabI/Bahi'i studies. As provided for > in llr. oalyu.zi'e will, his collection is being established at present as a > Trust; a~d the trustees hope to have it registered some ti.me thereafter as > a charity. At t11e time of this meeting the .~fnin Library was without legal > identit;r, and a draft trust ~ed was bein~ considered by the British NSA. > This Librar;r does not cor.iprise only the personal papers of tálr. Balyuzi but > ,.,ill eventua1'ly include docu1nents associated ~"ith most if not all members > of t~1e Afnan .family, l1ence its identification as the Af'r..an Library. r:!r. > ~hu'l-Qasim Afnan, formerly custodian of the House of the Bib in S,Jtri.z, > I::.1~n, and no,., a resident of Oxford, England, has promised between six and > seá:en l1undred volw:es along wit!1 c:tests of Afnan family docu.~ents now in > - > ~iding in Iran. After these docW?Jents are smuggled or shipped out of Iran > they r.rust be cataloblled and the only person wl10 can do r.ruch of this \otork > is iátr. Afnin, as he is the only living r.ieober of the Afn.in family who can > distiil.GUish the handwriting of his various predecessors. He is also the > only person who can i~entify the handwriting on t~e envelopes of docur.ients > \át~ich !Ir. Balyuzi r.ad collected over the years and which he did not identi- > fy himself. At present l-'ir. Afnan is going through t l1ese documents and i- > denti!'jing and cataloguing t~ern. As to the care and organization of the > entire collection, a prof'essior.a.l librarian has been consulted b~r the trus- > tees, and not~ing is being touched, everything--exeept for some of the Per- > sian and ;\rabic ~uscripts being identified and catalor;ued by :.fr. Afnin-- > is neing left as i.t \á1as at t~e tir.ie of ?'!r. Balyuzi' s decease. Mr. á Bal- > yuzi' s library is not so impressive for its selection of published C18.t• > erials but rather for its invaluable collection of manuscripts in Persian > a.."ld J\rabic script. :~r. !3alyuzi B.Bked t h e Universal Howse of Justice to > set asiá:le a covJ of ever:rthing sent to the Janda ot the Cause of God un- > til tl~e ter~inntion of that institution 1:1ith the passing of the laat Hand, > so t!i.a.t t!1e Afnan Library mig~1t ~18.ve a complete collection ot all oaterial > sent to t~e :!ands. The Afnin Library '"ill be under the le'S&l jurisdiction > of the lTSA of t'."le United Kingdom, as is required bf British statutes, but > t :1e Universal !louse of Justice has indicated t :1at \.,henever the r1SA should > be required to exercise its legal authority, it ~ill take instructions on > this natter from tI~e Uni~1ersal llouse of Justice. As soon as the Library > is constituted as a Trust, its truatees can begin to raise funds for the > 10)Lancaster meeting, July 10-12, 1981 > provision of operating expenses and acquisitions. It is probable, said !>r. > llor.Jen, that t~e collection will continue to be housed in 11r. Bal~~zi 's T..1on- > don home. 1e;a~dint; t~e man&bement of the Library, !tr. Jasion recommended > t'hat the trustees consult á.*itil a orofessional > - archi,riet. 1á!r. Terry suscest- > ed that the Af~!.~ Librarv adopt the sane system and call numbers and letters > for the classification of boo!r..s L"ld manuscripts adopted and in use at t~:e > "3a!,_i • i 1.lorld Centre. :át~. Jasion described that ayster:i aa being related to > tl1e u.S.L!br&?T of Congress ~Jstem, \iith sor.ie innovations required by Sao{ > and Bahi' i literature. Dr. ll0C2en indicated that the trustees of the Af!tan > Library might adopt the sa.~e system, and indeed the verJ same call numbers > and lette~s for books and other literature in its collection which is also > to be found in the World Centre Library and has been classified according > to the above-mentioned system. Mr. Jasion also indicated that he could ar- > range to sen~ duplicate copies of books in the World Centre Library to form > part ot the Afnin Library collection. > - > (10)How to assist young people who are thinking of going ,!nto Bah&'i scholar- > ship fro~ becoming alienated troo the Faith and the Bahi'i comm~ity > Dr. llomen suggested that we conceive of guidelines tor Sa.hi.' i scholars > so that t~ey will not be lost to the Faith, either that or we should dis- > suade young people troni devoting themselves to Bahi•i studies. He cited > - > a number ot fine Bahi•is who became students of the Faith in pursuance of > an academic program, aa aociologista ot religion, Ialamiciets, Iranologists, > -- > theologians, co1nparative religionists, lltho were alienated from the Faith and > the Baha'i coamninity in the procesa. > Dr. Br•meon asserted that_the guidelines for Bahi•I scholarly endeavour > are to be found in the Bahi'i teachings. Aa ah• reiterated for me in a let- > -- > ter in response to this report in first draft, 'All one b•ls to do is follow > them, i.e. live the Baha'i life. Moderations should especially . be observed. > Don't get so involved in studiea that one cuts oneself off from the Baha'i > community.• > Ifr. Lambden avered that it is always risky for a religionist of any per- > suasion to undertake an academic or ostensibly eoientitic study ot his own > Faith. > ?áIr. Smith noted that the central problem ia that of the controversy bet- > ween the rule of Revelation and the rule of Reason, and he suggested (joke) > that ?-Ir. Parry wark on th.is matter and work it out somehow and to everyone's > .satisfaction. > - . > ltr. Terry suggested a cooperative nett'1ork of Bah&' i scholars, mut11ally > supportive, through thick and thin, emoti~nall:r aa well aa intellect11ally,' > and then we quickly adjourned for lunch. Ct.fr. Parry's excellent t!1oughts > on the matter are well represented in lll'J report devoted to hie work. They > refer to the problem of Reason •nd Revelation, not to saving the souls of > Bahi•I scholars.) > THAT'S ALL FOIKSI > II. BELGim1 > > • > 1)Dr. Loni Bramson Languages: English, French > Degrees: Ph.D. in History ot > P.eligion, Universite de Laval, > Bruxelles; disser~ation on his- > tory ot the Ba.Iii' i Faith in the > U.S.A. and Canada, 1922-36 > T!tte!"'!i~.-t: 1'r. ~r!l.'!!Son, whose ciissertation ~á!as accepted and degree > awarded with high honors shortly after our first meeting in December 1980, > hopes to have a reciaed version thereof published in French and in English > (perhaps by l{a].imit Press of Los Angeles, California). She is also deter- > mined to write the Bahi•I history of Belgium, and possibly that of France, > Holland and Luxembourg. Dr. Bramson recommended. my recourse to the ~ook­ > atoree on Russel Street in London in search for rare titles in Baha'i-related > lit!rature. She mentioned Ann!_-Marie Mazgani in Holl•nd as a specialist > in Iranian history and a Baha'i scholar. Dr. Bramson is interested in doing > some translation.a trom French into English and vice versa it there is ae- > surance of publication and if such translations are related to her work. > - > She haa taken part in the Babi'i studies semin•ra at the University of Lan- > caster (see I.2)), presenting one paper (listed below), and will continue > to participate in scholarl.J' meetings of this nature. She describes her > philoeopby' of research aa tollovss she ia a pioneer first and foremoet, and > this colours all of her work; eh• aima not to teat the taitg of others; ahe > affirms that the Jiivulgence of trutn can not hurt the Bahi' i Cawse; and she > feels that she hae no problem in being objective in her acr.,J1&rly work while > - > reraainl.ng loyal to the Bahi' i Faith. Dr. Bramson is open t-) collaborative > - > effort with other Babi'i scholars, but only with those of a poeitive atti- > tude, tho!9 who do not separate faith trom reuon, who are not critical of > the Bahi' i Cause. She is particularly a!tracted to collaborative effort > with nonáBaha'ia and believes that Bahi'i and non-Bahi'i scholars can com- > plement each other's studies. She ask•d me to send her a cow of my biblio- > gra~ upon its completion for her cu-efUl review prior to its tinal pre- > paration for publication. ~he noted in conversation regarding sources tor > the stu~ ot European Baha'i history that the archives of the International > -- > Baha'i Bureau in Geneva, Switzerland, trom 1925 to 1955, and associated. vi.th > Shoghi Ettendi eeem to be lost. Dr. Bramson spent some six months in search > of a university poeition teaching history of religion, appl7ing for positions > all over the world. > > Dr. Bramson, in tu.11 agx eement with Louia Henuzet, Continental Coynaellor in > Europe, resident in Belgium, regar~ the eatabliabment of a Bui•i Studiee > Association in Europe at this time •a inappropriate and untim~. In a let- > ter dated 8/9/81, Dr. Bramson vrote that ''I think it would be better to let > things evolve here naturally. It a Euro~an Hiator1 Project get! ott the > gro1md, then I feel that it vill be •n •mbl"J"O for a tuture Babi' i Studies > Asaociation••• It would be much more logical to have such a society be born > from neceaait7, that ia from •11 these projects, than Yice-veraa. It th• > foundation of the aociet7 ia academic, and its history of activities ia a- > cademic, then there vill be no problem••• :t a Europeen BS.A. were auociated > with a univereit7 there wOuldn't be •D1' probleu about it not being acadeá > mic.'' Dr. Bramson aleo feel.a that it is premature tor Bahi•t scholar• to > undertake the compilation.of an Enc;rclopediA; Babi•I, ~ad that it would be > - Paith. > cadeaica vill lemra to ~speot the B•h•'l - > preferable tor collectiou of achol•rly article• to be piblillbed eo that a- > II. BELGIU?.f > > 1)Dr. Loni Bramson > > Interview: > > Papers: 'Jlisto?7 ot the Baha'i Faith in the United States ot America and > Canada', n.p., n.d. (Ph.D. dissertation) > 'Internal Opposition to 'Abdu'l-Baha's Will and Testament and the > Establishment of the Guardianship', 4 pagee, n.d. > > Publicationas ''La foi baha' iei un apercu introductif, '' article in prepar- > ation tor Belgian scholarly publication. > ~ rsl,is~on baha!ie, book in preparation tor Belgian publication• > > • > III. FR.UfCE > > 1) Dr. Amine :.fesbah Languages: Persian, .Arabic, > French, some English > Degreea: r.f. D. > > Interview: Thanks to the hospitality and generosity of Dr. Amine Mes- > bah and his wite Jeanne Mesbah, I \fa8 able to talk with him three times and > for several hours without interruption. So what I will write is gleaned not > from one interview but from several. The first took place in January 1981 > ana the second and third in May of that same year. I \-la& interviewing Dr• > tátesbah chiefiy because I had been told by Dr. Moojan Momen that the former > - -- > had engaged in the study of French documents related to the Bibi and Bahi.'i > religions, in the Archives of the Ministry for Foreign Affairs in Paria, the > Gobineau collection of the Univeraite de Strasbourg library, the Biblioteque > Nationale in Paris and the Chamber of Counnerce in }larseillea. Dr. Mesbah > explained to me that there are at least twenty cases of letters, correspon- > dence between the comte de Gobineau and 11is friends and colleagues in the > Gobineau collection at the Biblioteque Nationale et Universitaire de Stras- > bourg (B?IUS), and that he looked through all of t':lese letters searching for > references to the Bibi and Baha'i Faiths, their Founders and adherents, that > all of those which contained such references were included in the corresporvt- > ence of the comte de Gobineau and the baron Prokesh von Osten published some > time ago. As tor the letters which he wrote to his mother and to his sister, > and to other persons, he did not tind a single mention of such topica in ~ > of these. (For information of a more precise nature on this subject, please > refer to reports on the BRUS and the Biblioteque Rationale de Paris (BHP).) > Dr. J.feabah aseured me that Dr. Beveridge (see report on him under Austria) > ha.a a larger collection of letters written by Gobineau with references to > - > - and Bahi.'is than does he himself. Dr. Mesbah 20ssesaea ph~tocopies > the Bi.bis > and microfilms of letters of Gobineau mentioning the Bibia and Bahi'is in > hie home, and he offered to have copies of these made tor me, aa th• Univer- > sal House of Justice gave hill permisaion to do so. I have not yet taken ad- > vantage of his kind ofter aa I am not immediately in need of auch copies. If > &n1' ot my correspondents or colleagues would seek copies of these documents > I mq be able to arrange this with Dr. Meabah. In the BRUS, Dr. Mesbah did > not seem to be sure of how many letters to the cOl!lte de Oobineau on behalf > of Bahi'u'llah (that ia attributed to Him or to His representatives) were ex- > tant and available tor perusal. During my first trip to BKUS I discovered > onl7 on• sue~ letter, but Dr. Meabah shoved me copiea ot fiY• othera, and I > now have photocopies of all au of these. Dr. Meabah also •lloved me to pho- > tocopy a letter on behalf of Bah&'u'llah or attributed to Him, written in > the Ottoman Turkish l•ngw1•g• •nd kept, along with its translation into Prencb > and the responee it received, in the arohivea ot the Ministry of Foreign At- > fairs in Paria, in which Dr. Meab•h h•• spent: a number ot houra looking > through the filea. Th• aiz letter• attributed to Baha'u'llah at th• BNUS > are addressed to the comte de Oobineau. It appears trom the comt•'• cG1Tea- > pondence with baron Prokeah von Oaten that h• received other letters troa > Babi'u'llah: we have no record of theae, and if tlwy are included in hia > personal papera they are surely lost or destroyed •• all of hie person•l pa- > pers are kept at mms. Dr.- Hesbah sent copies of all of these letters to > the tra.iversal Ilouae ot Jutic•- as he was asked to undertake thiAI reuarch > by the Reeearch Depert•nt- end to Hand of the Cause of God Raa•n H. Ba.l.J'u- > zi (which rill nov be catalogultd and 111&de aTailable to acholara at the Afá > nan Library: see report OD Dr. Momen, in the United Kingd011). Dr. Meabah > told me that the Reeearch Departmen~ in Haifa waa unable to locate the aeal > used to identity the lettera aent to Gobineau and to the Ministry ot Foreign > Aftaira, that the• lettera are neither in the handwriting of Babi'u'llah > . > 1 )Dr. Amine Iálesbah > Interview: > nor in that ot his secret3ry at the tiQe ot t h is correspondence. It is Dr. > Mesba.~'s opinion th3t while these letters are not proven to be authentically > Baha'i in source, they are probably so. The aeal affixed to the letters in > the B?tu3 ruid Archives ot the Foreign Ministry is composed ot two i\rabic > words, !J~ and 'Alf, but their arr.'.U18ement OD the seal is different from > that employed on the seals which survive to t~ia day and whi~h ar! assoc- > iated with the Founder o.f the Bahi'i Faith, 1-firzi IJusayn 'Ali Niiri Bahi'u'- > llah. Dr. Meebah haa round no trace ol an Oriental address book tor the > coeste de Gobineau in mros, and neither have I. Dr. fáfesbah did not himself > atud7 the documenta at the Chamber of Commerce in Marseilles relative to > - > Perso-French 00111191'cial relations during the lifetimes of Babi'u'llah and > 'Ab du' 1-Bahi to locate references to Bib is and Ba.hi.' -ia. He did however ask > Mr. Sabet, cousin of Buahmand Sabet of Stuttgart, a resident of Marseilles, > to 11ndertake such a stud7. This reeearch is not complete but whoever elects > to continue this research should consult \tith Mr. Sabet firat. Dr. Mesbah > ~ ----- -,_., > spoke ot a collection of lettets written between Mirza A,gh• Kb.an and ~fal- > colll, the British diplomat in Irin, •nd of letters of ~adr Azim, Persian en- > -- > voy to the French government relative to the Baha'ia. These letters, he in- > timated, are preserved in the A.?"chivea or the French Foreign láf inistry, and > he baa copies of all of them. He baa studied all or the documents relative > to Persi•n11 at these Archive• in Paria, but not all of those relative to the > - > OttO'DeD Empire and there~ be references to Bah& 1 ia thereia which have yet > to be diacOYered. During one week he studied th• Archives of the Ministry of > Foreign Affair• in Brusaela, Be!siU11, and h! aupN>See that b• saw everything > there which pertain• to the Sibia •ncf Babi'ia. Bveeything h• found of rele- > vw• he photocopied or microfilmed and send copie• to Mr. 'Bal.Juzi and to > the tfnivers•l Ho11se of Justice. Dr. Mesbah wrote a letter to th• archivist• > of the Sviaa government asking if thq knew of ut'f documents pertaining to > B&bl'a or Balii.•I. during Babi'u'llah'• lifeti1ne, and they replied that there > - - > we no Sviaa embau7 in. Irin until after the lifeti• of 'Abdu'l-Baha, hence > DOU. at al] during the miniatrJ of Bábi'u'll•h. He did not indicate whether > or not the Helvetian confederation maintained embauie•, constilates or other > diplomatic ties with the Ottoman Empire, and whether Svi.aa travelers or meár.,._ > chant• might have bad opport11nitiea to contact and to report on encounters > -- - > with Bitbia or Bah&'ia during this time period.. Dr. l~sbah thought of writ- > ing to the Sviu national archive• because ot his discovel"J' of a letter writ- > ten by Auguste Forel, the celebrated scientist of Sviaa national.it7, to the > 1)-ench Poreip Ministry asking the cause of the persecution of Bahi'la in > Irin ( thia letter ia in the Archives of the Foreign MinistrJ, and Dr. Meebah, > the Univere•l House of Justice, the !fnan Library and I have copies thereof). > Aa to other Archival eourcee tor Bibi and Babi•l studies, Dr. Meabah confided > to me that there are certainly Dlan1' documents of relev•nce kept in the Ar- > chivea of the Ottoman F.mpire in Istanbul, Turkey, that Shoghi Effendi did > eome research there and .found a great deal himself. Dr. ?á~esbah spoke of a > - > portrait made at the behest ot the ~isaian consul in Tabriz, ot the mangled > remains ot the bodies of the Bib and His disciple after their martyrdom, and > of a portrait of theJ.iving Sib, that is prior to ~tyrdom made by an Iran- > ian Jainter in Urrtimiyyah > - > during > r .- > Bis passage to Tabriz. > .. > He indicated that > the portrait of the Bab and Mirza MWJ.ammad after their execution might be > iil Leningrad (St. Petersburg tormerl1 and capital of th• Ruasi•n P.apire). > When I mentioned this latter sketch or painting a second time, Dr. Meabah > •llowed that he might be able to find a reproduction of it among his papers > but that it vOJ].d take him some time to dig it out. I await a vord from > III. FM?ICE > > 1 )Dr • .i\mine I1esbah > > Interview: > hiJ:l. In Sweden, whilst visiting Sven Mards, I could wind or the publica- > tion of a pi1otographic reproduction or the sltetch o! the Bab's remains in > some S\-1edish periodical. Please see rePort on Sven ?átlrds, Sweden, for more > information. Dr. Amine l~eebah has copies of virtually all of the published > Tablets of Bahi'u'llah aod 'Abdu'l-Bahi in the Persian and Arabic tongues, > as well as photocopies ot Tablets hia father and grandtather received from > Bahi'u'lla.11. and 'Abdu'l-Babi, and ot manuscripts ot the i,a:a§gu 'I-Asma, > Tatsir S\iratu'l-'Aar, Baz:a8!>-... ~l~Aral?, and BaI,in-:_i-Fir.~I whicliil ia father and > > grandfather had collected. 'rhe originals of these manuscripts are in sare- > keeping in the International Bahi'i Archives in Haita, and at least one a- > mong them i.a of inestimable value, the copy of the '?,a;ct§nu'l-.As~ , as it > was copied in 1850 and ia in perfect condition and beautiful handwriting, > and may indeed be the oldest copy of this work that has survived to this > da.Y• Dr. lfeabah made a tour-year study of Biblical. prophetical passages > and the interpretations thereof by Christian and Jewish theologians, and > á.n > wrote a book on the eu!!ject entitled eu;iiar,in, Qharb~ C,, 1 c!á .: á.~:,~) in > Persian, published in Iria.. (I have a copy which I will"inak• avai.lable in > photocopy.) The baaia ot hia research on thia nbject ia described in an > article he wrote for La Pense'• Bahi 1 Ie, entitled ''L'Eeper~e et l'Attente••, > one of his eeveral articles publiaged in that Swiaa Baha'i periodical. He > told me that several Persian Baha'i acholare have written on theá Islamic > prophetical literature tulfilled by th• Bao and Bahi'u'llah, and he .men- > tioned I-trtzi Abu'l-Fa~l, Igllriq-~viri and Jeni.be Afibh in partic111ar, > including Atahir'a book, which I am unable to transliterate but represent > 1! !_ta Persi.U character!, ~á2~!1~\1;1 • He also mentioned that §houi g:p- > dimi, the este~med Bah•' i vriter and scholar resident in Belgium and aleo > ib p > author ot a ma" er ot articles tor La erlBee Bah& i• bas w-1tten on the > 61' ,,.... • > > subject of Iali•ic prophecies related to the Baha•i Cawse. Dr. Mesbah ia > a poet of eouae r!,PUt•, who b•a published man7 poema in the Persian period- > ical, Ahapp;i ~di, •nd at the present time and tor some 7eara to come he > will be working on a series of tour volumes of Persian poetr7, each vol11~ > written :ia a different atyl• of verse, dedicated to the aanfolding of Bibi > and Babi'i history. The tiret of these volumes ia now complete and it ia > devoted to the memory ot the blessed Bib and Hie companion.a •nd adherents. > ~ aecoRCl volume of thia projected epic history will be centered on Baha- > u 1 llah, the third on •Ab du' 1-Bahi' and the four th on Shoghi Effendi. He baa > taitten much .poetry which remains to be published. Dr. Meabah mentioned > a_tew publications which woul.d "8rrant careful study for reterencee to Bi- > b~s and Bahi'is, including Courier d'Orient, c[o~iiaJ d'Or_i,nt and Les De- > ~.s:he:!,. ~iPl...or3a~ iTuea dl! ~.ornte ~á.Gob ine:iu ei;i. Per.a!.• {Please see notes on > mlP tor details. He also mentioned certain individuals whose personal > papers should be searched, along with their official correspondence: Roche- > chouard, the French charge d'a.ffairee in fibrin during the 1860'a; the let- > ter ot Dr. Tollozan, a report to the French ambassador in Tihrin regarding > the arrival ot Bidi before rraar--Din Shah (Dr. Mesbah sent copies of this > to r-tr. Balyuzi and the IBA in Haifa); and letter• ot Mirzi. igbJ. .Qll.n •nd > -- > 4talco1!, of )l_!dr Azam, aa ~entioned before. Dr. lwabah spoke of four book• > ot B'ibi/B•hi'i hiatary to ~e found in the BNP (se• report for details): > two copies of the Nuqta~u'l-Kaf, of which one ia complate •nd the other ia > incomplete and is pre.f'aced b7 a philoaophical th••i! on the aignificao~e > ot the letter ''kat''i two copies of the history of Mirza V:~ ffamadiini. > Dr. Meabah inaiate that Mirzi J&nI KannanI, who ia identified b7 E.G.Browe > as the author of the Nugtatu'l-Kaf waa martyred in the Bibi year 10 (1853), > III. F:l:\l?CE > > 1 )Dr. A::iine :tesbah > > lntervi.ew: > an stands in tt--.e BtfP, in the t"o nanuscripts _!o be found there. _lle attirme > that the ?Tucrtatu'l-Kat is the history ot ?iirzi: Husayn Hama.dini with the > _ _ _ _ _ _. . . . __ _ ~_ - I > > alterations ot the A~li 3ibis. Ile does not think it likely that Browne > \-15.S responsible !Or the revision, the changing ot the !luqt,!l,tu' 1-Kaf to > accord wit?: .:\ zali • perveraions'. 1'he manuscript was clearly written prior > to its discovered by Browne. Dr. ?átesbah makes n~te ot the following points: > ?tanuchia §aheb was a protector ot the Bibfs J.n Iran, he_held a British pass: > port and his secretary 1 ?ffrzi I.Jusa:yn Rar:tadini was a Babi. He asked Har.iadini > to write a book about Bibi history and publish it under his name, Manuchis > §a.l\eb. Ha~.adinI asked Abu' 1-Fa~ Gulpaygani hov he might write an histog > of the Ilaoi Faith, : uid Abu'l-Fa~ recor:wended tl1at he read the book ot ?-tir- > za J.inI Ku§bini. Mfrzi Janf had not mentioned any dates in bis hist»ry, > but in refering to the dates cited by Muslim historians such as Siphir in > !~.i~ at-Tavari'sh• ~dinf rewrote ~t1rzi Jani• a history, removing his se- > vere criticism.~ ot the .IDJ,ih and or > othe~ people, and Baha'u'llah did not > want His followers to cal1mniate others. Hence, IIamadiinI• a history is a > - á- > revision ot Jani• a history, plain and sinple. Dr. ltesbah explained that > the ma."luscript attribtued to Z..ffrza Jinl, called !f_?g,tatu '.1.-Kat' and contain- > ed in the BNP could not have issued directly froJJJ the pen of that person > as it is dated 17 Ba'dlá, and Mfrzi. .Jani was martyred in 10 Ba'di,_a~ be- > -- . > cause the philosopnical :introduction was written by-1-tu.'lama.d Qazvi ni, a > .. > prominent Az.ali intellectual., as attested by Qazvini himaelf. Furthermore, > the historical data ot the Jlug.ta~u' 1-J(at i.a not incorrect--it is the inter- > :pretation of the data which is erroneous. Aa for the sources ot his history, > the first volume of wl1ich ia devoted to the Bib and Bible, . he cited the > :Collowµig as major aourceai Tar- al-rfabil ( r • • ~á) ot NabU > ~ind!, Hict;it Nuqteh f.val ( . .l I .. á á•1 á of A_!?u• ;.Qaaina F•izi, Ta- > rikp ,al.-ja!liq ( á .)J . .;t c"-e ,) > ot ?ffrza ti~ Hwd!ni and ~hree volumes > of the monumental, .. nine-volume Dhuhlir. al-bagg ( , á• ,\\ ...;~ ) by Fa<µ 1-1!- > zanderia!. Re does not have • copy ot Abu' 1-F~l 'a history ot the Bahi. • i > Cause but ia hoping to locate a copy at aome time. > In the course of our three meetings, ~. Meabah and I discussed """Q' mat- > ters which c•n not be conveniently organized according to one catagory or > an~ther and ao I will lump them together. He spoke ot professor RouYier, > th• French anatomist and teacher of Dr. 1Jakim, recently maz:tyred in 'rihran, > while the beloved IJakim waa studying med_!cine at the Universit• de Paris. > Thia proteasor Rouvier knew ot the Baba' is. He a.lao mentioned the report > ot General Ferrier on the battle of Sb•ykh TabarsI, as he obs!rv•d th• en• > tire epiaode aa military attach• of tba French government in Irin, and the > report of another militar.r attach• on the Ba.bl u.~iaing in Zinjin. Copies > of theae reports are in the bands of the Atnin Library and th• mt in Hai- > fa. Dr. >lesbah, at an evening gathering of Behi•Ia in Basel to meet Rand > ot the Cause Zihkrullah .Kbadem, riaiting hi.a relations, brought out the > COP.1 ot an article published in the periodical Dernierea ' Nouvelles d'Alsace, > pibliahed in Str•sbourg, 'Fr•nce, vith a long article complete with excel- > lentl.7 rendered origiMl illwstratione of th• martyrdom of th• Bib. Thia > issue waa diecoverecl in the Archives of thia periodical in Strasbourg, it > ia dated 19 janvier 1961-9 mars 1961. Dr. l.feebah retains a microfilm COP1 > of the isaue and sent the origin•l or hia firat copy thereof to Jean-Hare > Lepin of the Comit. Rationale de Pre•••, RSA of France, who ie ' assembling > as CO!P!ete u poa,!ible a collection of artic~e• published iJJ. l'l•ance on > ~he Babi and ~' i Fai the. We •lso apoke of I1mn•nuel Lacqn•a' a book La > V~ida del láLessiaa !Jl Glor\fa x Majesty , a con of vhioh Dr. Kesb•h be- > lieved to be at the BNP and p.ibliab.ed in Paria in 1825. Thia ~ook, writ- > III. F:WlCE > > 1)Dr. Amine Mesbah > > Interview: > ten by a Jesuit priest after m~ 7eara ot careful study ot the Bible was > banned b:t Papal decree ~ Dr. ?álesbah said t~t no copy ot it could be > found in Italy or in Spain, that lie ~.ne'tf or only one copy and that in the > I3l1P. (See r!f1J report on the BliP.) Dr. ~!esbah took a great interest in the > little bit I could tell him about the Afnan Library to be established in > England. He mentioned ~áfalJ~m ~in, his journal, ~iniirn, found at BNP under > Sltr>plement Persan 1996 1 said tl1.at ?álalk8m ~an encountered Baha • u' llah in > - - > Bacildid, that he had a correspondence with the Babis in Conatantinople and > . > the Azalis ot Ker11lin, that Browne waa able to profit from ~is letters and _ > that _this tias a good man. Dr. :feebah attiroed that Af'ghi!:!i and the Kerr.Wii > Azalis we!"e responsible tor the assassination ot N~r-e-Din §b,ab and ?fajor > Irnbrie. I hope you my readers will exc\ise me tor á this haphaz.vd manner ot > representing Dr. Mesbah's commentB-it so happens that I am relating more > or less exactly what he said and in the order in which he said it. At aome > point in our conversations Dr. t-tesbah reoa.rked that he had read Qarn1rau'•- > Aspi, his tather•a manuscript copy and had compared this with Ri4win 'Ali's > copy of the work in the mw, and that he had tound the two manuscripts to > be exactl1 alike. He did not make a thorough comparative study of the two, > but what he read of them he recogn!zed to be exactly alike. Alt~ough a > manuscript in the handa ot an Azali can not be regarded by Baha'is aa be- > yond suspicion, Dr. ~lesbah noted that such manuscripts may be, in ma~ caaea, > entirely or for the most part accurate. In a letter Dr. Mesbah repeated > thia statement and_•lao dated the entirety of this work, Qa;aiin!u'l-,Asrni as > issuing from the Bab's pen in 1260 A.H./1844 A.D. He noted that . theá Sahifat > ~ > -- ba:n al-qaramarn waa written during the Bab• a trip trom Mecca to Medina, in > - > the first moilth of 1261 A.11./181+5 A.D. When asked regardiq the Kitab al- > Asmi' , Dr. lfesbah said that he could not say anything regarding the tour- > vol\lllle work at the BHP, aa ~ubl)-i-Azal had also written a book with this > title and he had not read the m•nuacript at BNP and so could not say- wheth- > er the Bib or Azal is author ot this work. He affirmed that he read a com- > plete and accurate copy of Kitib al-Asmi over a period of 9 months and took > some interesting notes, sen.ding then this manu.ecript to IBA in Haifa, and > that the Bib did w1áite a tour volume work entitled Kitib al-Asmi. > Regarding the question ot whether or not to establish a European Bahi'i stud- - > ies association, Dr. Mesbah admitted to having no time or funda or energy > for taking part in conferences, but he encouraged tho1Je scholars who could > - > participate to do ao. When asked it he approved of the compilation of an > - > Ef\c.z.clol?;!.di!l !Jajii' i, Dr. lifesbah c~ented th~ Fa~ lfazanderini had al ready > written his five volume Aar~aá~J.sḥ ( ,\J 'J~'r=' ), in Persian, and hia > J\.V , . k}la!g. ( • ( ~!!: I ~1 5, a compilationof Bahl.• I writings from Persian > and Arabic sources. Nelther of these tvo vorke have been translated into > English or av other European language. > Dr. ltesbah tám.s able to assist me and my fellow scholars in one r!gard which > deserves particular and SJllCial attention: he was the last Bah3'i to be in > contact vith A.L.M. Nicolas 1 French translator ot Bihl scriptures, biographer > ot the Bi'b, lite-long student of Bi.bl theology and history. The folloving > ia a full account of Dr. Mesbeh'e comments OD Nicolea, noted on Jan•uu-y 2 > •nd M&7 30. 1981 in his home in Hegenhein, France. '?he text ot this accOUAt > was read and approved by Dr. ?~esb•h himself prior to this publication, and > such ia also th• caee with the above-cited notes OD various topics. > To begin with, Dr. Heabah assured •• that he sent a letter to H.M.Balyuzi > telling hi.JI this entire atorr, •ad hence he retered Dr. Momen, who wrote > aeki!!g me to record Dr. Mesb•h's story to this letter. Dr. Keabah went to > ••• M1colu on th• inatruction of Shoghi Etfendi. He went to this ti.rat meet- > III. FRA!ICE > > 1 )Dr. ~\mine :átesba.~ > > Interview: > ing ..,,ith a letter 'Written by his father ,\zizullah :á! esbah to ?~icolaa before > tl1e latter's publication of his French translation ot t!te '3ayh ~.-'ḥab, > in ...,hich he took. it upon hiMel.t to correct eert~in errors which ?Iicolas > had made. It i.a not at all evident that Nicolas received this letter or > that he followed Azizullah's advice regarding corrections. Dr. ltesbah > still has the ori8ioal ot this !_etter in his possession. i\zizullah r~eabah > and ?Jicolaa knew each other in Irb. Azizullah was fluent in French and > Arabic a.a well as Perainn, and so when Nicolas had problems with his trana- > lationa he would consult his f'riend Azizullah. Dr. lálesbah recalls seeing > a copy of the &:rin_Jll.-'.:ḥ.!lll at Nicolas' apartl!lent in Parie with two cor- > rectiona thenin made by Azizullah Mesbah. Azizullah also helped Nicolas > obtain copies ot Bi.bl manuscripts. Ae his father Azizullah had known Ni- > colas, and aa the Guardian bad asked him to seek out and befriend the aged > FrancbJDant Dr. rtesbah viaited Nicola• several times in Paris. In this time > the Bahi• a thought that Nicolas waa a Bib{ and that he waa againat the > Bah&1 ia, so Balii1 Is did not read hia books or have ~hing to do vith hinl. > - resident ot Paris at the time sent > Hiss Sanderson, an American and Bahi.'i > - > a COPJ of Dawn-Breakers, ?labil's Narrative, in Engliab. translation and re• > Yiaion complete vith quotations from Nicolas' tranalationa of the B&bI scrip- > ture to Nicol•a. Nicolas wrote Mis• Sanderson a reply, thanking her tor > her generous gitt, which vas subsequentl:r published in one ot the volumes > of Bahi•i ~'1orld, probably in 1953 or earlier. Shoghi Eftendi wrote Nicolas > a letter following the presentation ot Dawn-Breakers to the French sayant, > and Dr. Meabu read this letter when be went to visit Nicolaa in 1937. Ot > hi• t•lks with Rico'Jaa in 1937, Dr. ?-fesbah remarks that when they spoke of > the Bi.b, Nicolae wept, that he vaa trul.y in love with the Bib, so much ao > that Or. ~teabah asked hiám w}Q' he did not become a Dahi.' f. . Nicolas replied > - > that he waa not a Ba""bl, that he was Catholic. (Roman Catholic that is), and > ''I became th• leader of the Bibis becauee Dreyfus had become leader ot the > Bahi1 Is••. He and Dre1tua were antagonists, and not surprising :so (this is > me speaking, not Dr. Mesbal1) for 1'icolaa• work on the Bab is unparalleled > in any other European language while Dreytus' work on Bahi•u'llah was also > of coJUSiderahle stature. Dr. Hesbah remarked that the best, the finest > translations ot Bibi scriptures imaginable issued tr<>11 the pen ot Nicolas,. > and that the moat beautiful and accurate French translations of Bahi.•1 acriP- > turee to date were penned by Dreyfus. B'1t why rivals instead ot collabora- > tors?_ Dr. Meebah explained that during the ministry of • Abdu' 1-Bahi the > Baba' is did not recognize and know the Bao as a ?-!anif'e,gtation ot God, they > did not speak ot !lira, Re was almost forgotten even in Ii--in, and it waa the > Dawn-Breakers and the letters of the Guardian which revived His memory and > - > His station among the Bahi. • ia. So Dreytws did not know the Bib, not \fell > enough to appreciate Nicolas' devotion to His commemoration. The corres- > pondence ot Nicolas and Hippol,.te Dreytua is in the collection of ?áfme. Drey- > tua-Barne1 and H. Hippolyte Dreyfus-Barney which waa collected and organized > by Dr. Mesbah and then sent to IBA in Haita under the supervision of the > RSA ot Fr•nce. '!'here were only two or three letters among tho11sands, not > much of a correspondence but vorth mentionning. Nicolas \l?'ote an article > on ''Le B&b astronome,'' tor Journal Asiatiaue , and during one ot his meet- > ings with Nicolas Dr. Mesbah told hi.JD that the Tablet upon which Nicolas > h•d baaed the arguments made in this aboye article waa not written by the > - > Bah. Subsequently, Nioolaa wrote Shoghi Effendi to ask him several questions, > including the me•ning of the Bib's expxáeaaion ''al-Muat~as'' and the authen- > t~city of the Tablet which he •aal.yzed in his article. Dr. Mesbah read > Shoghi Effendi's reply to Nicolas' questions, and the Guardian said that > ''al.-.'luatagtJ,as'' :night perhaps refer to the next t1ani!estation of God, that > is after R~ha' 11' llah , to make ;áIie a1'pe9.rance in 1000 :rears or '"!lore, and > III. nurcE > > 1 )Dr. Amine ?~esbah > > Interview: > tl1at the authenticity of the Tablet centioned '.faB suspect as the' Guardian > diá.i not _have confidence in the cororist, as the individual might have been > an 4\zali who might have misrepresented the Bib's teachi?lGe for reasons ot > l1is own ..J>Urposea. Dr. ltesbah thinks that the án-iting .,., aa perhaps that ot > an Azali with his own ideas which he wished to attribute to the Bab. Dr. > iáIesbah affirms without 11eaitation or equivocation that ?licolas were neither > BabI nor Azal{ but born and buried a Roman Catholic 1 t?i.at he waa an histor- > ian, and that he spent a year in ~y~rua i1ith !?ubl).-i-Azal. Dr. ?fesbah re- > calls ?licolas saying that the Bah&' 1 Cause developed in Europe because of > 'Abdu•l-Ba..lta, and that if ~ubti-i-Azal had had a son like Him, it is he who > .,.,ould have wonl Nicolas told Dr. ?'lesbah that the sons of ~ubl].-i-Azal ~ere > reason stupid, imbeciles, and one day he told him a . storz.. Ri9win 'Ali went > to IIaifa to spy on 1 Abdu 1 1-Bahi, oaaquerading as a Baha' i, and he was shiP- > ped hol'~• to Cnrus by • Abdu 1 1-Babl'.. Rif'in 'AlI explained to Nicol.aa w}\y > he had to leave Haifa& ''One day after duuier I vomited a atone ot three ki- > - > loa in weight,'' said Risiwan 'Ali one ~. Nicolas, incredulous, asked him, > ''How is it,10saible tor a atone of three kiloa to issue from your mouth?'' > Rig.win 'Ali replied, ''You don't Ja>ov 'Abdu'l-Bah&-he does what he wantsl ' 1 > Nicolas read a very important and impressive compilation of Bahi'u'llah'a > \a-itings, the famous ~P.istle ~o tl}.•_ Son !'!..•t.h..e. ~:lol~ ( á:,a1'>, <..'.Y.' ~~ ). > In a letter dated 30 mare 193? of which Dr. ?.fesbah bas a photocow and ot > which h• sent a copy to TBA in Haifa, Nicolas asked Shoghi Effendi some > more questions. Nicolas died in 1939, after Dr. Mesbah and hia wife Jeanne > had left for Iran. Aa to the sale ot Nicolas' papers and booka, with which > Dr. 1-Ieabah waa well acquainted, at least one letter trom 'Abdu'l-Bahi to > Nicolas •nd at leaat two from Shoghi Effendi to him along with ~.oka writ- > ten by Baha'u'llah (printed editions) and translations of Sabi•i writings > by Shoghi Effendi were included but did not figure in. the list of books for > sale upon hi.a decease. Dr. Meabah still haa a copy of th• list of booka > sold at Hotel Drouot upon bi• d~ease , but waa taubl! !o locate it for lffT > perusal. He remembers that Saleh Nunoo and ~}Jahab Ala'i went to the sale, > aa Dr. !-teabah waa not in Fr•nc• at th• time, aa repreaentati vea ot the tJni- > versal How of J!:!Stice, and that the7 bought everything that might have an > interest to Bahi.'ia at that sale. Th• Research Department of the Univers•l > House of Justice, to whom the entire collection waa refe&-ed b7 Nt1noo ud > Ali 1 i, assured Dr. Meabah that the two letters of Shoghi Effendi and one > letter of 'Abdu'l-Bahl which Nicolas showed him in 193? were not among these > documents. The location of these articles and of other books and papers > cited b7 Nicolas or seen by Heabah •nd not included in the sale list ia a > r.rystery to Dr. Mesbah and to me a.a well. Dr. Meabeh ramembera that in Hia > letter to Nicolas, •Abdu'l-Babi praiaed the French scholar for trans].ating > the B:iyan-i~FysI into French, and urged him to write that the Bahi•is ~o­ > not follow the laws of this Book (that these laws are abrogated for Bab•'ia > by the lava ~t the Kit~b al-A9zd!l8),that Bah& 1 is do not follow the Bazig , > that the Ba;ran we.a written to prepare the people !or the coming ot Baba'u'~ > llah, this being its only purpose, and that Bali&'ia had enemies e_cauae > are truly revolutionary and violent. Dr. ?á1eabah assure me that Nicolea > told him that all of the documents and books of the comte de Gobineau are > located in the fonds Gobinilnne at the mrns. So, asked Dr. Mesbah, vlq > is the ~ugtatu'~-~f in the BNP? (See report on BNP tor details.) He said > that the mant1script entitled Bavi.n-i-F&rsf in the BrlP and inscribed with > . =ááá- > 4• Oobineau's name and made tor him according to Blochet•a note in the Ca- > - > talogue des Manuscrits Persaos is act118.lly the B~an-i-Farsi in its tirst > part and the t!uqtatu '.1-~(af thereafter, but only te pliiiosopriical portion. > III. ~"::.CTCE > '' > > Interviev: > I also !i:1d tliat the Gl.13.rdian's letter l1hich explained '':l.1-tátustaghas'' also > retered to ''.\;;h:raa'', and 11ere he explains that tl1e Bab rncans that it you do > not accept one ~t~ni!eetation ot God you have the opportunity to o~cept the > next 1á! anitestation or the next ••• Dl". :iesbah recembers that Nicol~á.s '..1as mar- > ried and had two or th:ee chilJren, that his son h3d a e"lr&ge in Paris in > 1937, but tl1at he haa lost track ot him since and now knows the whereabouts > ot nobody in that family. In 1937, tlicolas.. \-1aa 90 years old, almost deat, > . > read ctost of the major books re9ealed by átl'Mr - > so much that one had to cry into hia ear to. be heard at all. Dr. lfesbah has > . ~Bab and also lficolas' transla- > tions of these books, and he haa found tho8e translations to be of very high > quality, and remarks t~t Shoghi Effendi pretered to cite these translations > rather than nake his own from the original Persian and Arabio texts into Eng- > lish. Dr. Meabah recalled that the Guardian praised the translations of Ni- > colas. > ft.a'bli cati.on.as > •" • , (~i;c:• (,' Jtr::4 > :, , .,. - á Iran, n.d. > ,-i)Jr•n, > ,. .. ' ., , > Article• in French tor La Pens'• Baha'ie. > Poems in Persian tor Ah!Mi. ~fti.- > III. FR\llCE > > 2)Dr. i-'1aurice Esmiol Languages: French, English, > some Arabic > Degrees: !-t. D. > > Interview: It was my great good tort11ne to spend nearly one month in > the c~ of Dr. lálaurice Esmiol in Paris, and during that time we spent > many hours discussing various aspects ot psycholog:r and psychotherapy, the > - > situation ot the Ba..lii'i Faith in France 3t this time and tor the la.at ten > - > years during which Dr. Esmiol has been a Bahi'i, áand about the conceptions > - > of h11man being and ot b11man life in the Baha'i Writings as related to the > conceptions of society and of psychologists ot the major schools known in > Europe. Unfortunately though I was so ardentiy caught up in these conver- > sations that I did. not take notes, nor did I think ot turning on a tape > recorder, and so the insights and dis-illusionments of those exchanges are > now buried iD. the ,mcoaacioue from which they immerged. Dr. EB1Diol is > pqtting together hie theaia and a book to expand upon his theaia as a psy- > chotherapist, and when thia comes out it will bear the imprint of some ot > the exciting ideaa he and I leYeriehl.J' and often ecstatically shared dur- > ing thoae long evening houre in Paris. Dr. Esmiol in particular told me > a great deal abou~ the particular training he ia undergoing and may nov > baye completed, vhioh ilm>lvea the synthesis, the reconciliation, the uni- > ty of vari011•• diapuate approaches and schools vi thin paichotherapy • and > relating tbie training to hie understanding ot the Babi'1 Writings and vice > versa. For two or •ore ,.eara he baa been studying with Yves •nd Madeleine > Dien•l, a achedule •nd 8'lftlllilrJ ot vhoee program will be exerpted U. this > report • . Dr. F.miol hae made hie ow conceptual and methodological disc v- > eriea alre~, after leu tban a fUll 1ear ot practice, and these diaco•- > eriea are i.D.timatel.7 related to hia own peraon•l experience, to hie per- > -- > eonal_aooi•l •ad spiritual lite, •nd to hia ongoing relationship vith the > - .. .... > Bahi'i Writings and th• Baba,!i cow•unity and Baha'u'llah. Hence I think > that h• ie involved in Bohi'i atudiea, and indeed that hie contribution > thereto ia potentiell7 ot considerable significance, for he ia concerned > vi.th how religious hiate>rJ •nd divine doctrine are refiected in real, ~ > to dlq living of hUM!l beinp in relationship to each other. We spoke of > DSJling, of being named by God, of naming one-self, and of being name4 by > other selves, •nd ot beiDg named by an impersonal, amorphous heritage or > rule of tradition; of the difference between the knowledge and perception > of lite AS áIT rs, ill. PEAT.IT'!. and the knowledge of th• 81JDbola, th• names, > the images which serve ue u explanations of lite without being life them- > selves, and which haY• realit1 onl.7 because we endov them with realit7, for > we are oreated in the image ot God, so that we too are creators, but as > these 'realities• are not RF.Al.Ht, th91 are actually illusion.a, tabrica- > tion.e, and eo when we lift wnget and through these a,mbol.s, our s1mbola, > the n.amea which we choose tor ourselves, ve do not live in Re:ax.rrf, ve > live in illusion, in the a;ymbol. The complication.a of language, jargon- > ification makee ws feel comfortable, so that we can preoccupy oureelvee > with what we can ee•il7 underat•nd 1 that ia to_,. what we _cen admit th• > existence of, what we can accept without having to change, without chang- > ing, without ad•itting fll\Ything, without divulging ourselves, without re- > vealing ~bing about ouraelvea, •nd thie jargonitication marks a lack > of true knovledge of lite. Dr. &smiol spoke of the neceaeity ot keeping > - > oneself open, •nd for belining Bahi'ia, to always be re~ to comprehend > and to live th• J'aith ia a nev ••nner. It i.a aboft all important that be- > -- > lieYing Baha'i.a not became sectarians, symbolists, that they liY• tbrough > III. ~-,CE > > 2)Dr. ?áfaurice Faniol > Interviews > jart;on, and it is essential that the jargonifi.!:a!ion and the sectarianism > which ha• alreadr established itself among Baha'i• be transformed into ac- > t1aal ~nowledge, true understanding, that the tor• of jargon be destroyed > - > •net that in its olace be built the REALrrY. We spoke ot the statement of > Bahi'u'llah quot~d by Nibll in Daw-Brealters to the effect that the parents > of Bahi 1 fa are considered to be believers themselves by God. It ie Dr. Esá > miol'a viev that this may be aa reward to those parents who have brought > us to the Faith, toward.a our knowledge of REALrrf, of God and of Ilia worlda. > We also spoke of the projection ot one on another, the projection of one's > hopea •nd e44ctationa, belief •nd aa.dnesa, wisdom and knovledge, joy •nd > of one's ow feare and fascinationa. > Brien,-, Dr. Esmiol'a training consists of the following, as translated > from an introduction to ''psychologie psychanalytique•• of Tvea arui Madeleine > Dien•l: ''Prom Psychopathology to the Technology ot the Health of the Spirit'' > ''Kiera of clusical thought, Psychiatry and PsychoanaJ,ysis in their orthodox > varieties have remained occupied with pathological processes (organic or > JeYchological) taken aa realities in themselves. ~e:r have, at the same > time, forgotten to knov what the spirit wu in gQod atate, and the lave > which govern ita health;, functioning. Leaving this polarization over the > pathological, we lean upon the aum of the work of the diverse Schools, per- > haps w• have already entered into the following one. A trouble of the spi- > rit ia nothiDg but the reaponae to the underdevelopnent of all or of part > of the structures ot the personality. The expansion of the pereon in•void- . > able involvH reduction and suppression of the problems. Fundamentally, > the trouble of the spirit lifts, not frona a therapeutic art but from a dis- > cipline seeing into th• general knowledge of the spirit, of its structures, > of the conditions of its developnent and of its ex1'9neion. á To the tradition- > al relation 'phyaician-patient' succeeds that of a vork iD common in Tiev > of a psychological develop•nt.•• There is much more tbat could. be aaid > but it does not translate well or eaail1' and I am not confident that ID81'J' > of J"1 readers are real.17 intereeted iD these sort of detail.a. If •'11' of > 1ou wish to know more about the program, please addreaa 7ournlna direct- > ~ to1 Yvea and Madeleine Dieul, 10, Rue Edouard ~t•ill,, 92á8oulogu, > Paris, France. > Publicationa1 Hi.a upcoming book on the regeneration of th• unified per- > 80Ml it71 using the insights of J'reud, Jt1ng, Adler, Diel, > Rogers, Le Senne, Diena] and Esmiol and othera, and strong= > 17 influenced by the writings ot Bab'i'u'llah •nd 1 Abdu'l- > Babi translated into Preach, for the most part b7 Hippol.Tte > Dre7fwl• > > • > > • > llI. FlWlCE > > 3)Andre Brugiroux I,anguagee: French, Englieh, Ger11wn, > Italian, others surely. > Degrees: unknown > > Intervieva I didn't interview Andre Brugiroux••• I W&8 staying iD > Paria with hia friend, Dr. !.fa.uric• E•iol, and Dr. F.amiol asked me it > I'd like to talk with ltf. Brugiroux, •nd I said, ''Yea i.ndeedl '', and he > called M. Brugiroux •nd it wa• arranged. So ve vent by train to Quinc7- > aoua-Senart, outside of Peria, and walked down to Andre's apartment, eat > and talked and sipped juices and then bad a 8WDPtUOWI dinner, mixture of > Ee•tern and Weetern. cuisine, and then talked aome mare, and walked awhile > •nd had to 11p1nd th• night becauee we missed our train, •nd then get up > at dawn and take th• first train beck to Paria• . Delighttul.I Now, who ia > Andre Brugiroux •nd vh;r • I including hill in thia report? M. Brugirouz > ia an original., a wanderer, a talented pablio speaker, a popular writer, > cinematographer and photographer, student of aatrology and comparative re- > ligion and culturea, •11 cultures, any cultures, collector of artifacts ••• > In short, M. Brugiroux iJI a •en vho spent 16 1!&r• hitch-hiking •nd hiking > aro,1nd the planet, ? of thoe• 1•ar• •• a Bahi' i 1 vbo returned to hi.a na- > tiT• Franc• •nd wot• a beetaeller about hie trip the oloaing chapter of > which go•• into a little deaoription of the Bahi•traith, and the title ot > tbia, bia first book ia La Terr• n•eet q~'qn seul P!18 (The Earth ia but > o~ country). He follo~d this book vi.th La Baute et see chemina, •nd > baa vritten one or two book11 einoe then, in bJbeen tripe to hare end _ > there all over th• globe, lecturing about hia '. trip and about the B1hi'i > - teaohinge and showing hi• fil• of ec•n••t!ir all over th• planet and sel- > ling hie book directly to people rather .. '. . .r•l7iDg uoluaiYel7 oa retail > •1 •• through bookator•• •ad other ooe•erci•l enterpái•••• . I f0t•nd K. Bru- > giroux to be charming •nd eloquent, aiuoere, honest •nd aware--avare of > the world •• a vhole and u a multitude of diYereificatiou, of utounding > beauty and integrit71 aware be70Dd hie 7eare, beyond ht.a nationalit7 1 be- > yond moet of hia co-religionist• nen, and they AN rather unusually vorld- > mt n . .d, at leut in them-1. Be ill a world oitisu in re•litJ', in practice > I recomend that you. reacl hi• books, and, if you o•nnot read th• in French > J'iench, help M. Brugiroux to coarinoe a British or Amerioan or Cenadian > pabliaher to traulate and pabliab hi.a book8 in Bnglieh• > ... > Mlication.1 La Terr• n'eet gu'UD ~ J!!:•• Edition•Robert t,effont, > Paria t 1975. ,,, > La Rot!t• et JM• chellin.t 1 F.ditiona Robert Latfont, Pari.8, > 1978. > Book on the sr-•t prophet• in the Mkiag, tor cowroial > publication in France& l•et prophet mentioud will be > Bahi'u'llah 1 of cov... > 3? > III. F!WlCE > > ~)Bibliot~~ue Nationale et Universitaire le Str3Sbourg > Fonda Gobineau, Section 5ciences H~.i.-'les > :-rme. Zehnaclter, Conservateur, Service de la Reserve > > In the !irst week of January 1901 I waa able to spend two days in > - - > the Biros searcl1ing for books and then letters of the comt• de Gobineau men- > tioning the Ba.bi and Bah&1 i Faiths, and to look for the letters attri- > b'!lted to ~'u'llah and in the possession of as addressed to the comte > de Gobineau, !entioned b7 Dr. Denis i-lacEoi.n (see report I.4)) and other > British Bahi'i scho:ars. During this s~ort period of time I was able to > locate only one letter clearly catalog.1ed a.a emanating from the pen ot > Bahi'u'llah or from one of Hie secretaries, designated Me 3534, 6 and > locsted in the Fonda Gobineau. Actually áaccompanying this 1!lanuscript was > a French translation thereof denominated •~s 3534,?. árhe Conaervateur of > t~e Fonds most generoual.1 allowed me to purchase a ~hotoco.PJ' of Ma 3534,6 > which consisted ot a prefacatOl"')' note in French affixed to a single page > letter in Pereian, and of Ms 353'+, 1 containing 5 pages ot long-hand > French translation of the letter in Persian, and of OM letter of Mme. > Reynaud, dated 16 juillet 1967 and one letter of Mlle. Lily Greiner on > b\fhalf of the Service de la Reserve, aims in response, dated 24 juillet > 1á~~?, both of thee• on th• subject of Ms 3534,6. Dr. Kent Beveridge kind• > l.f supplied• vith a photocow ot hia letter from Mme. Reynaud, tiated > 2 aout 1981 !:•gerding aource• tor the study ot de Gobineau•e relationship > to the Baha'i Cauae. l..fme. Reynaud sent him copies of Dr. E£neat 'lickers- > heimer•a Cat,!llogue !Jen•.~al _dee Manuscri.ta de.!' Biblj.ot!gu,s.?ublj.,S.'!,e• ie > France, > , Dipartementa-!o• > , XLVII, Strasbourg; P~ia: tibrairie. Plon, 1923, > PP• 010-019, which list• the abo•e-mentioned letter on page o1tl, as 11nder > 3534 (Gobineau 59): 6-7, '~ttre de Houeaeyn Aly, en pers•n, avec traduct- > ion francaiae de Gobineau•; nd Ludwig Sohemann•a 9_uel\en und Unterst1ch'!M- > en.zum Leben ~bineaua, Erater Band; Strasbourg: 1914, pp. 417-35 1 of which > PP• li'.29-35 are de"roted to ''Religioeea, insonderheit zur Anplegenheit der > Bib{", written almost entirely in French, with some English and Ger1un, > citing two letters signed by Houaseyn Aly and translated into French, pp. > ~J Leipzig: 1919, PP• 431-35, ba•ing no conteat specifically Bibi or Baha'i, > but containing •n interesting ''Collection d 1 ouvragee reoueillis en Parse > sur l'histoire, la poeaie, la philosophie, lea sciences occultes, etc.", > firat printed by Henri Pl.on, Paris, in 1870. > Now, I would not have made much headwq at the BNlJS without the constant > and generous assistance of Mme. Z.hnaoker, Coprvat~r. I vae greatly > aurprizecl to be able to locate 01111' one Bahi.' i-r•latea. letter in all of > the Fonda Gobineau, eapeci•lly aa I bad been told that there were between > 5 and 8 at leastl During my first meeting with Dr. 11~ebah, ahortl.7 atter > leaving Strasbourg, I asked him how má~ separate letters attributed to > Baba'u'llah were resident in the l'ond.e Gobineau--he replied that he knev > of fin such letters, •nd offered to ahov them to • i t we vent to Str•á- > bourg together end to mike me photocopies of hie photocopies ao that I > might study them at m:r leUlure. Between January •nd June I traveled vi.de= > 11' and wrote two letters to Mme. Zehnacker, asking her about the other let- > ter• attributed to Baha'u'llah in the Fonda Gobineau which I vaa unable to > locate. lálm•. Zelmacker iuisted that in the mtP and mms combined there > - > were only five Bibi oannecripte, including th• Me Arabe 4669 which vaa > translated b7 Gobineau in Re).~glons et lJlil919pJij,11 dppf l'A•i• geutt1!1• > . > III. FRAHCB > ,.)BHUS > J'urthe1more ah• inaiated that there were no uncatalogued letter• in th• Fonda > Gobineau at mrns. In her second i.tter,dated 13 t~vrier 1981, "•á Zehnaoker > stated that ah• diet not know th• location of the various manuacripte and > books of the oomte d• Gobineau vhioh vere not among the 31 purchased by th• > Bibliot~ue Mationel• tram that collection. sold in 188lt- at Hotel Drouot in > Paris. She enclosed photocopies of Marie-Louise Concasty •a article, ' vee > de la Collection Gobineau a la Bibliot~ue Nationale, '' in ftudea GobiDi nnea, > 19701 PP• 275-80, including citations for Noa 258-62 on pages Z79 80 on;, ' > ''!h'°logie bibl" 1 •11 of which are manuscripts located at BHP, under Mas. > Arab•• 4668, 4669, 466?, •nd Supplement peraan 10?0, 10?1 t and Ludwig Sche- > mann•e Quet,leq.~d tJl\t.er.~)'lungeJ!. z~ Leben Gop!n!t~~á Berlin: 1920, PP• > i.'2-4't3, with th• complete section on Manuscripts under ''Collection d'ou- > vrage• rec\leillie en Perae sur ••• n, including 9n page 440, a collection of > 6 man11acripta under the sub-title '"rheologie Baby'', vhich identity four > =en1usoript• aa Mae. Arabea 4667 • 4668, 4669 and Suppl. pers. 1071 1 but SuiJPl• > pera. 1070 i8 not listed here, and here are li:sted tvo booka (96• and 97•) > not to•md in the later (1970) liltt. Hence, the total listed i:1 Scheunn > •nd Concast1 are aeTen, of which five are listed aa in the Bibliot~ue Ra- > . tionale, vbiJe tvo othera, listed o~ in ScheMnn, do not eeem to be in > the Gobineau colleotion end hence llU8t be presumed to be h other h•nda. > IV •econd riait to Dr. Meebah en•bled me to make photocopies of all of the > lettere he toa1Pi ill the l'ond• Gobineau in BNUS, •nd the-. are identified aa > followea ,,,,.,6-71 '516 (5 mtr•nelated 11aDUSCripta in Persian language vith > - ••=] u 3534, 6). Hence I found that there were aiz lettere vith the > á••ál in BRUS, end that ther•••Md to be in one and the aw bandwrit- > . ins, •nd . . it onewe• acldreaeed to Gobineau and vu presumed by him to c011e > from Báb•'•'ll.ab, I oould aet•~ IQ'potheeiH that the other fin letters > wve •l•o ao directed end so authored. Aa inclicat~ in the report on ~. > Keeb•b, the identiey of the• letters h•• 7et to be d9terminedt but vhat > c•n be stated with wur•nc• i.e tbat they are •11 of the•• to be found at > JlmS •nd ia the ~onct• Gobineau. He•aátheleee, it ia quite odd that fin > of th••• áletter• do not•• to be oataJogued u letters tram Báhi'u'llab > to... th• oamt• da Gobinea11, and that the Cowr'fateur continues áto aaaure • > ot their non 1:xiatenoe. Vi•• la h•no•I It •DJ of J'OU have th• opportunit7 > > á.to do . a little reeearoh at BH1J8 •nd 1ou would like to read tbrough what I > ban oolleoted eo far, pl•••• feel tree to drop •• a lin• •nd I c•n Hnd > J'OQ the vhol• vorka it 1oa'd like • > > • • > III. FRANCE > > 5)Biblioteque Rationale de Paria > Paris > > BNP i.a the l•rgeat, best orguizetJ, meet exciting and moat p-ustratillg_li- > brary I worked iD throughout Europe. Its collection of Bibi •nd Babi'i re- > latecl material ia aecoDd in Europe only to C~bridge tJniversity--and that .. > because of E.G.Br<:á.tD1'• unique and vol1Jminoua library ot §lµy!Wi, Baoi •nd > Baha•I literature--end perhaps the British Kuaewa. Use ia not restricted > to t:ninraity .tudenta •ad proteesora, as seeme to be the case with Cam- > bridge, and t~ academic• or publi.:Jhed authors •• seema to be the rule at > the British Mt1...,U11 I vu W1able to get in to either Cambridge ur the BML > and I auppoee my enth\a•iam tor BNP ia coloured by tlw tact th.it I vu > uanered ill quickly, cheaply, courteously and contim1all1 ••aiate~ bJ the > staff of th• Library, •• well u accorcied libertie• euch u I have rarely > known in •Q7 LibrarJ"• BRP ia alao !ruatrating becauae one is not •llowed > to see •or• tun 10 Tolumea per da\Y; u I wa• doing bibliographical research > tor the 11oatá part, thie vaa indeed difficult. However, if I had been able > to app~ for a q:eci•l diepeau t ion well in advance, I might have ordered > aa áá~ vol1.111ee u I pleased. I recormnend thia LibrarJ to •ey and all atud- > enta of B*i'i and Bibl etudiea, with 3 arall but aigniticant recommenda- > • > tionesleara to apeak th• French l•ngnege, m~á donation to their collect- > ion of Bah&'I related literatu:e (i.e., give a book), and be polite. > ~ ~ibliograp11 will repre•nt u complete a list ot ~ll'Q'i!lf, B'ibl •nd Ba > b&'i related literature reaident in the :?IP •• anyone but a bi~liophiliac > voulcl care to ueellble--thi• list took me over one month to compile, and > á it- ia 0 nennotated •nd for the most part its constituents are ansurve7ed aa > I diet not ha~• ti- time or the freedom (10 volumes per da1.per J.epartment) > to go through everything. The liat I compile!d will figu:-e promi."1.entl7 in > 'ar:t bibliograpl:\y, •• I have endeavoured to notate the source of every arti- > cle, book and .n1n1,1ecript in the biblior-ap~, that is to indicate where a > COPJ' of thia work can be located. Although I wu able to spend aut a fev > . á d•1• in Ml'IJ' of theá great &iropean libraries, I apent over on• month, tive > &Q'a a week and •lmat 8 houra a ~ in the JNP • > . Dr. HOtMn ukec:l me to determine the origin ot th• Npstatu' 1-Kaf in the BNP1 > Dr. Meabah told me that there were two copies ot the Nug,ta~'l-i~ there, > and that the philosophical treatiH pefaoing these tvo volumes was also > to be found ill the latter pa.rt of a volu=e contai niag the Ba;!~ al-.• ArabI, > Mes. Arahe• i.669. Hence, if ve consider onl:r the hi.atoric&i portion ot > 1'71~ta:,tu~l-Kat, there are tvo copies, one complet•, the other i~cauplete; > and it w caneider the philosophical portion of this vork, attributed bJ > - > Dr. Meabah to Qazyini, - there are also tvo cofies. It will take further > reeee.:rch •nd by a achola.?- .::1.uent in the Persian and Arabie languages to de- > term~ rwt th• origin ot these manuscripta. As indi .~!lted b)P Dr. Mesbah 1 Dr. > Benridp baa a ear• cocapl•t• collection of letters belonging to the cor- > respondence of th• baron TOil Prokeah von Oaten and the comte de Gobineau > thando•• Dr. Meabah. Dr. Hesbah urged me to s~arch through other sources > - > beaidea the Fonda Gobineau tor references to Bi:Jla Uld Bah&'ia, and he men- > tioned mpeoiticall.7 Lea De ~ches '01.~lomati uee ~u comte de Gobineau en Perse. > I looatecl a COIJ1' of . . :..a wor a ill ut not ve llll• o re brot.tt;a > it: before learlng Paria. '!he BNP code for this Tolume is& 4•R. 7438, and > it ia apparentJ.7 iA more than one YOll.11118. I tound nothing useful in' azo > of the tollowing volum••a > Ccmte cl.a Gobin•a:a. et t.ftlre Benedict• de Gobineau, Cori:espollden.ce••18772-188~ 9 > Comte de Gobineau, lfouv•lf•~ Aaiatici,uee 9 Paris, 1§76. //PariD, 19§1i, 2 á YOla. > III. F!'~UJCE > > 5)Biblioteque Nationale de Paris > Paris > > Comte de Gobineau, !á1erno"lres aur diverses manifestations de la vie indivi- > jan. > d.'ueii"e; i'e'r'i't' Ath4lnes, 31 1~7, inidite e1i fráaán- > cais; Pa.ria, 1935. > Cornte de Gobineau, L_ettrea :per~ape~i Paris, 1957. ~ > Comte de Gobineau et Albert Sorel, Correspo11,de,nc~.•rn.eá: li,te ,!,1_87~.-18:z2).; > Paris, 1977. > Comte de Gobineau et Alexia de Tocqueville, Co,rresJ?Qndence ••• 184~-1~52; > Paris, 1909. á > Comte de Gobineau, Troia Ans en Asie; Paris, 1859. _ > Then, in t~.,o volw:ies I fo11nd a tev passages which re!ered to Bi:bia or to > R~ligions et Pp.iloso:phies da.na. J-.' A;aie Ce~t.rale, including the folloving > sources, all of which are exclusive of de Gobineau•.s correspondence with > Prokesh~sten, described by Dr. Beveridge jg a recent paper (see Dr. Be- > veridge, Austria)s ,,, > Comte ~ G~eau, rtcrit de. Perse,1 13 Lettres a sa soeur; Paria1 1957. > -Brn>s o~n 73'+14 PP• 1l.i, 25, 32 > Comte de Gobineau, Adelbert TOA leller 1 Brie!wechsel Gobinea.ua mit Adel- > bert Yon Keller, hr. Ye Ludwig Schemann; Straabourg, > 1911. > --BNP: a•z.18250(2) PP• 29-32,35,56 > It anyone of you ia in a good poaition to have access to •11 of the comte > de Gobineau•a papers and publiahed materials and to write up a report on > his connection vith the Bibia, Bah&'ls •ad vith Belii'u'llah Bim 1lf, I 0 > > will gl.adJ.7 turn over th• frllita ot mf research, and comm•nd you into the > banda ot God. Onl.J' a God-int•icated and meticulously preoiae •nd inez- > hauatible scholar could poasibl.7 collect all the looae ende in this 11nraY• > elled &te>r7 •nd vean th• back together into a believable •Dd teubl• pat- > terD. > - - > Dr. 1-f!sbah described two copiee of an history written by Hf.rs& IJ~ Ha- > madi'ni in the Oriental maa11ecript department of the BNP. What I found were > two manuscripts, both repr-eeented aa being th• work of Abu'l-l'atjl (Gulpq- > ginl), th• on• without title or author marked, deacribed in the unprinted, > handwritten catalogue, f,onda f,!trsanea, Nouvelles Acsui~itictne u Suppl. Pera. > 2128, and aa identical to Suppl. Pere. 2129 1 which h•s neither title nor > author but a card inserted vith ''Rietoir• •t refieotion wr la aituation > de l'lrin a la fin du XIX8 ai~l•," and it ia dated 1311 A.H. whereaa the > other (2128) áa not dat•d). Both volume• are represented u b•ing the > vork of Abu'l~adJ. ~ th• CatalofSU!, although the leather bindbg on one > reade á á \ tJ\ ~ . \a' while the leather binding OD the other (2128) > read.a ~ ~ ( 1\ .. • '!'he beginnings of 2128 •nd 2129 cor- > respond but not • end • • Meabah f583'8 that these two vorka are OOP- > ie.s ot a. work written by- Hirza Jlusa.yu HamaMnl, but wb1 there should 'be no > mention of Hwdini, •nd prominent mention of Ab!!'l-l'a~ (vbea Dr. Meabah > affirms that Abu'l-Facp. aimpl.1' served •a Jlamadini•a adV'i.aor •ncl not aa bis > mentor or aaeiatant), vi th inscription in French on 2128, ''Hiatoire dit de > l~oukehi'' ia a Jqstery to me. 2129 contains the personal et•111p of A.L.M. > Nicolas 011 ita first and last pagee. I hope that 1111 fellow acholare will > help me to correc:tl.7 ident_!ft theae_ tvo volume_!• . > The complete list of the Bahi, AzaJ i and Baba• i maza1JSCripta contained. in > the BllP ie cited in rrcr bibliography. In addition to thi&I collection, the > BNP has a fairl1 oonrplete edition ot ~f literature in f•ecimile, al- > .so listed in my bibliogra~. / á > Dr. l-tesbah mentioned La '!enida del Mesias en Gloria Ma estad, b7 En•a•n- > uel Lact1nza (paeudoiv111 uan osa a: ben a , and ound one copy in > th• BNP, published in five volumes in Paris in 1825, with moat ot the pagea > III. F1.i{!'lCE > > 5)Bibliot'&que Natior. .e Paris > uncut, B?fP code: D.39477 > I also found a sucrnary of this monu.'!lental .1ork in 3icrofisch.a, Bt1P: m. 9041 , > > E.."'ttracto de la ohra i.ntitula!á.9. ''La Venida iiel !~esias en Glor i a v Ma áestad'• > e.s cri ta_ 'P,.9r el Ao .~t.e L11.cun_!:a, e,.x-[e.s,l!..iJ:.;:fl .~s?a.101=_ 1 • 3FO •ie. 1 ..03, con una a d• > vertenci a y nota.s por Emilio 'Jaisse, Santiago de Cl1ila, Iwprenta Universi- _ > taria, Bandera 130, 191 ~ , 32 pp. > For t hose ot you who are interested in t he interpretation of Biblical pro- > pl1ecies , Lacunza was a Catholic who dared to invent a wholly new (to Catho- > lics) -yerspective on "The Coming ot the 11essi~~ in Glory and Majesty''; his > book waa first published in 1802, and first banned in 1324-, and aince then > it has t::een on the Papal ''black list••, all copi es destroyed in Catholic > countries by religious and civil author ities. > > \ - > 6)Biblioteque Nationale des Baha'i.a de Franc• > - ,,. > Centre Baba' i des Baha - > • ia de France > > Altogether I spent about fiv• hours a day for almost ten dais making > a complet• list ot the books and pamphlet• on tne Bihl and Baha'i Faitha > in th• mm. A.a there was no catalogue of th\!se booka •nd the7 were not or-- > ganized in •DJ" way, I took them •11 off the ahelvea, carefully shuffied > them •nd listed th~m according to a Title/Subject Index invented on the > spur of the moment. I did not- catalogue .... .._these books whichá have ...ánothing > whatsoever to do with th• Bibi and Bah&' i Faitba and the SbAYlg)i movement, > and there were between fifty and one hundred titlee of this kind included > in the mm. My list of the contents of thilS library ia 38 pa.~eg in length > including a one page Index. The mm Ma a cop7 of thia Biblio ~-Y.~lQt.U.e, aa > does Dr. Moojan Homen, and I haye the original and vill gladly c.::..... á~ copie• > ot it tar •111one who eenda me a written request and a check or money order > made out for 15.00, aa the size ot the pages of this lat and ita composi• > tion requi.re that I photocopy it m;,ysel! •nd on paper larger than the stan- > dard cswá x 15'' instead of aw• x 11''). Thia is on• of the most important > oollectiona of Baha'i literature in Europe, a• it includes copies of vir- > t11al ly every book and article about a Ba.of or Bah& •I topic and written in > ti. French language, aa well aa a good atock ot literature in English, > Arabic and Pereian, and acme in German and Ruaaian. The !!_as a largemm > seleotion of earl7 printings ot English traaslations of áBab&' 1 Writings, á > man;y of those published in Washington,D.C., in New York,N.Y., and in Chi- > cago, Illinoi.4; hundreds of photographa of early European American and > Fersi•n Baba' ia1 14 copies of The Brilliant Proof ( 6?!2'! .>, pub- .e:..k > lished in Chicago in ~912, all copies ill excellent con&itiob; 5 copies of > Thornton. C~' a The 3ahai Revelation, four of them the firat edition, > dated March 1909, Chicago; and 8 copies ot the \GHHfA HrA.H. . (,:;'A:' ~) > in Russian l.ang\1age. undated but with th• tolloving title-page phrasesi > DgP~~Qa ' neec.;M8~~oTo. 'IUJTQT;ga~IJ.S. 4 :3rinMfHf!n•~~.,. ~•ga. •.• > I have not yet even ecratched th• .aurfacel Thia is a tre•BU-r7 of Beha'I > literature. The mra in conj1mction vith the E~ JDakee Paria, Frence one > • > ot th• choicest sites ror the pursuit ot Baba 1 i stud.i••á _ > I must thank Mr. Behn•m Attar, eecretarr of the Centre Baha'i for hie •a• > aiatance and hoapita.lit7, tor hi.a generoua and aolicitoua aid iJS mr re- > search, and a]ao Mr. Pierre Spi•rckel, .Secretary of tti.t NS.A of France. In > their company I have quaffed at lea.st 19 samovars cf chi'll > III. FRANCE > > 7)Con!erence OD Bahi•i Political Economy: Theory and Practice > Country villa, former~ of Mrs. Arthur Terry Jr. > > Whilst in Italy in late Hay 1981 1 I vrote to all ot my fellov scholars > in Europe and to Kears. Anthon_y Lee and Ju•n Ricardo Cole in California, > inviting oue and all to a Conference on Bahi•i Political Economy: Theory > and Pra.ctiee, June 22-299 1981, in my late grandmother's villa outside of > Pa.ria, France. In Italy, Awstria, Svitserland and Fr•nce I collected lit- > erature related to the subject, and ended up with a sizeable packet, of > selections in Engl.iah, French, Germen and Perai•n. All but one ot the > threescore scholars invited declined, and Mr. David Simmons joined rne in > Gourvi1le tor a. round of philoaophiming and assorted country delighte. > The list ot readinge collected by myeelt and Mr. Simona in the course > ot our preparationaá tor thia conference are cited aa follows, and all of > these read~s are a~ilable in ~~.~OPf - ~~me and ~t ooata .. \I > 'Abdu'l-BabA, and Baha'u'llah, .&!:->~~ ~~ U->J r;á-,,->:rtrc:dt. ~ A..f'.-..) _, > Arabic a~cl Persian language eKerpta, !rom Payame, ~~t, PP• 1á24::51. > •Abdu'l-Bahi:, ''Industrial Juatic•, '' Bah~' i Reprint No. 3, Wilmettes Baba' i > Publishing Coonnitte•, third printing,- 1946. á á > 'Abc:tu'l-Báb"i, ''EcoM11io Happiness for the H12men Race,'' ,Th~ Ba]lai Maga.zip!&; . > Star á o:C ~.he W~, 'f'ol. XIII, December 1922 1 No. 91 reprint July 1978, > George Ronald, pp. 227-31. á _ > 'Abdu'l-B•bi, ''Tll• > Baeia ot'" Economioa,u World; Order 1 Th!... E!a,ha'i, M!g!•ip..•á1 > voi. án;, March 19lf.61 No. 12, Wilaettes B•bi•! Publishing Committee, > 1946, PP• 35}-5it-• . . : á . á . . . > Hippolj"te Dreytwl ''Bahaiam andá Society-the Baitu' 1- 'Adl, '' PP• 126-51 1 > 'Work9" áa . 164-1s1 The UJdtersaI Re1igfonz::~ Bahai•••• I1l• Riseáá and !oei:Al > Iml'<'rt~ á 'London: Coi- and ..Fenviok," 19()9. á > • ' "" á • > á- - > Jq_h n ~nesar > F - > > E~lemont, B-.h1"~'1~1á}-,lah,•nd th•ááá Ne,v i!;a;• oftená Qit~ 'Abdu'lá > • . .-á > > . Baba and Baba'u'llah9 Vil.mette1 Babi' f Publiuiq Trust', 1974 1 PP• 13)~ > 39 . 216 .. 252. . . . . . .á. . .. > . I I .. - - > ~~~F~tt.~h1náá, á :!'J'i' > ~ ~~ae}!i ys • Eeon,-t~á~á .LoJldO':' 1 ~-b~ ri .Pu.bliah{Jlg > ..L~-ua•t • á4 • > Jobn F~--~~ á "Soci~ aad Eoonom~o T~achinga.-" . ~lf..1.'lt.i!8! !fa,~~- !"• Lond~a > Baba' i PUblisbing !rust; 1975, PP• 100-10ff. á > ~id Hofman, ''.$ocial Economy~'' ft.• R•uwaláá ef, Girilintiont o~t()rdt a.tors- > ... Ronalc;l, 1972, PP-. .110-:1264' . á á á á áá ... > Horace ~o~lq~ ''Th~ á~ahai Mes-. > to Politics á~d Economic!!~ Babat.á 'l'h• > S2!r.1~ of_Ft~• Ag!, ?_few Yorka Brentuo' a, 1921 j pp• . 125á»á á > Horace Holfey. á rtif!iie-~or1cl Economy of Babi'u'llah, 11 Be~id'5!1 tor.Jtank\P4 1 > Londans Geor§! áRonald:, 1956; PP• 13~?1--. á,,,, ,,. á á á á > H~A. Kamr•n, . ' 1Diti aa. Chaos Eoon~iqu•t • La Peneee Baba' ie, Juin 1915, Mo. > 52, pp. 2-19. / / / > Amia s. Kb•••i ''Lee b•aea du nouvel ordre economique, '' La Pens•• B•ba'ie, > Decembre 1980, No. ?It, pp. 11-18. > P•ter Mlihlacblege1, Dar W.ltHntralb!!}knui~•nt,, Darm.etadts Druck-Service, > Ju}3 1973. > - - > Shogbi Effendi, DireotiYea frca th• Guardian, India1 Baha'i PublishiJJg Trust, > 1973, PP• 19-21. _ > G•rhard "I. Schveter, 'Di• Loaung der Wirtach•ftlicheu Probl•me aua Babi'i- > . Sie.!lt,' Wien, 1975. _ > Gerhard P. Schveter, 'Di• > Wirtachattel•br• der B•ha'i Religion,' Wia, 1974. > Gerhard 'f. S G•rhard J'. Schv•t•r, 'Var ,ma da• Zeitalter der Einheit. Aapekt• su einu > Neuorclnung: von Wl.rtscha.tt und Geaellachaft nach dea Lehren Bahi.'u'll•ha,' > PerchtolMdorf, Juli 1C1SO. > III. l'RANCB > > 7>conterence on Baba' i Political Ecoaomy: Theory and Praotice > > Mr. Sianou and lllJ'Hlt read all of the prim•ry source• in. translation > and diecuaaed these throughout our time together, restricting oureelvea to > the vord.B ot 'Abdu'l-Rahi and of Bahi 1 u 1 llab in•emuoh ae there were plent7 > ot these •nd theee are atter all the baeia upon vhich the edifice of Ba- > - > hi 1 i political eco~ must be built, both theoretioall7 and iD practice. > We did our beet to discern the spiritu•l •net social principle• involved, > and I took copious notes, ae usual. At the end of our con.terence I penned > thia cr;rptio note: 'SOLUTION IS UNITYI • Upoa my return to Paris from Gour- > vill• and after Mr. Simmons returned to J'inland (aee report 'enhi•-wader. > that country) I made up a liat of fourty-nine principles gleaned trom our > etud;J of the primarJ aourcea available to WI in English translation. I > sent Mr. Si•mnona a copy of these taurty-niJ!e theaea, rq 'Manifesto' ao to > speak, and he advised me of their u.setu.lness, ao I offered them alao to > Hr. William Pyle, professor ot buainese administration at the Univereit,. ot > Mae88ohueetta at Amherst, and he read thea. notes with interest and shared > them with other Babi•ia in the field subaequentl.1• Aa my notes are twelve > pagea in length and band-written, I vi11 not burden 7ou with their citation > here. .dome dlq, if there is a demand, I will tJ1)9 them up, but tor now I > will cite the principle• aa abbreviated in 'tttl' Index to the Note.a, a atre•á- > limcl liat of salient points, and here it ia, tor what it'a worths á > I. No more poverv > II. All ab•r• ia comfort and vell-bei:ag according to rank •nd atati• > III. None overburdened with riches > IV. No abeolute equalitJ' of meana > ~. Where there is starvation there is tyrann;y > VI. Ro del~ in altering .situation > VII. Rioh must give voluntari]Jr > VIII. Rich soften hearts, cultivate compaeaionat• intelligence > IX. X..wa to limit extremes of veal.th and poverty--equal juetioe > I. Not t•ntil eqlutl juetioe vill Law of Goel be observed > XI. Graduated tax on protita > XII. Public aid when lacking neceaaitiea > XIII. Sources of Ta Revenue > XIV. Public Expenditures > XV. All mu.at engage in art, trade or occupation > XVI. Occupation ia worship > XVII. Waste not time in. idleness and indolence > XVIII. Beggar ia moat despicable of men > XIX. Ocaup,y selves with what will profit aelv•• and other• > XX. Interest allowed on loans > XXI. Slavery forbidden > XXII. Claaa coafiict á vill not solve probl•M > XXIII. Vol11ntarJ' good-will: between capitalists and worker• > XXIV. No fortunes amassed through nploitation > XXV. Znployeea partners in •Vflr'J work > XXVI. World government enact lave > XXVII. World government resiat strikes after ju.et lava enacted > XXVIII. Causes of strikes > XXIX. Pension mu.st be prorlded b;r employer > XXX. Wapa muat be satiafaoto:ry for the varkera > .XXXI. Pia.ea if tranagreaaion of right• after fixed by world govern•ea.t > XXXII. IDtertereace ot gOYerment •nd oourta ia labor diaputea iJI legal > III. FRANCE > > ?)Ciaference on Bebi• i Political Econcel\) 1 Th•or1 and Practice > XXXIII. Co•wuerce, induatrJ', agriculture, general affairs linked > XXXIV. Yearg giving of rich is th• foundation of religion > xxxv.-Bahi•I Faith cover• all economic and social queatioD.8 > XXXVI. Must know B•hi't principles iJa order to imprOY• the econOlllJ > XXXVII. Rank and station, etc. based on spiritual qlaalitiea not money > XXXVIll. Wealth ia praiseworthy if... á > xxxrx:. Greatest undertaking ia to enrich the maues > XL. Cauae 2t God i• not an economic system > XLI. Baha'i economiata will establish eoonomio institution• > XLII. Not enough mOMJ yet to establiab imstitutiou for Baha'i econom,y > XLIII. Excellence > XLIV. Spiritual attitude to work > XLV. Prerequiaitea of wealth > XLVI. Harvest for •11 > - - > XLVll. Baha'i ecoacnic teachinp mu.st be systematized by Bahi'i economiats > XLVIII. Happinesa ia impoeaibl• if eome are poor and miserable > XLIX. "Yet to be poor ia all eave God ie a wondrous gift ••• •• > Th• aouroee tor these prinoiplee are th• Tablets of Babi'u'll•b, ~:the telk• > of 'Abclu'l-Baha and th• letters oa b•h•lt of Sho1hi Effendi, cited ill the > bibliosraphJ' precHding these principl••á Thia list ia by ao me••• compr•- > he:uive, ia fact it 1.9 nothing more tba• fragm•n!&rJ'• And 1•1: it will ef• > fectiv•l.7 silence thoee who claim that th• Baba'i J'aith h•• no th••l"J of > political eoo11.0llJ't or that thi• th•ory ia euentiall1' capitaliatio or ao- > oialistio or ide•11-tio ai- whatever. Let'• take a look at what ie beiDg > taught u and.let pot our preoonceptione, of ourátim•-honor•4 traditioaa, > - > our preoiou ~•judioes ••• I hope to hear from aom• of you reprding the > . > stu~ of Bahi•i political eooncw(f. I hope to collaborate with Beb•'ie ure > - > ia áNwBqland to orpni•• a conference on thie topio at••• uraiv•r•it)', > and if tbie project everá pt• off th• ground or rather off the•• air ••d > ellto the grouncl, I'll be eur• to take copious not•• and ebN'• thea vith > vb~ver"':ef 10u 8how . an interest. How c•n ve aet tak• ••á. iatereatááa. > th••• atr•r •tateaea:ta of 'Beba'áu'llah, 'Abdu'láB•ha ud Shoghi Effendi? > , ~ ~ > r:v. i IO'J. ':J.~ Y > > 1 )~'f!"s. Gerd Strand L angua.")e.s: Nc:-á~eg -. á1n, Gá.~edish , > ~ . . , . . .. , G > i..-8.nis.n, .: ..n.g ..... isn, .r _ e ncn. erman, > E ~ perant~ > Degr ees: License from Universite > de Paris > > Interview: Mrs. Strand does not regard herself as a scholar but s he > is quick-witted, knowledgeable and al'.v~-~:ra eager to assist, anj as such. s he > l1as helped this scholar considerably, :~at just :is a source for Baha'i á stud- -- > ies, but in her loving concern for all t~e beli~vers and particularly for > me, as my support and inspiration, re~a:dless of the distance which separ- > a ~ es us. Her judgement is excellent, á::.er memory clear and lucid, !1er speech > f:;_.ie:J.t and descriptiye, a...11d she c an re á~o11nt countless tales of the first > á;ene1,ations of 3a~: i' is in Europe, most l!Spac i ally in S can~iP..av ia. :-irs. > ~trand is aiso ab].e t .o put pre sent - da y ::i:-,:.t.. pre v i ous oaha' i events and per- > sonalities into an historical perspect~v~ engendered through almost 70 yeara > of continuous residency in Nor\o/ay, mar.~1 years of service on the .J~gional > !lativnal Spiritual ..\asembly of Scandir.a.v!_a as Secretary ( 1957-62), on the > lli:itio:r.al Spiritual ~\5sembly of t~e Ba:r•.i'ia of rl.: ::-way as Secretary (1 ;,:)2-63), > and as a ~ember of the Auxiliary aoard for Norway (1968-prese~t), first in > Propagation and since 1977 in Protection. As 9.ll active Baha'i since 1951, > láJrs. Strand knew virtually all orá the .:'irst generation of Norwegian Baha •is > and was aole to tell me a n~oer of stories about them during oar few d~s > together. She told me much about Jot:1nna Schubarth, who became a Banali > in 11innesota in 1919 and then heeded the call of 'Abdu • 1-Bahi to pioneer > to her native_landt to Nor~ay, where she spent the rest of her life, teach- > ing the Bahi.' i F:ii th to all and aund.ry, and t:-anslating ~rarious ho:Jks and > pamphlets from English into NorT11egian, such as Bahi'u'lla h and t he :rew Era. > She also told me th.at Harald Thiis, cá.irrent member of the NSA of Nor\<1ay and > co-founder, co-director of the Mandal ~ Institute (see report IV.4)) receiv- > ed his university degree (the equival~nt of an A~erican Bachelor of Arts) > in Religious History, and that he included the ás tudy of Bahi'i history; > that Enger Dybwad, lecturer at the grmnasium in Bodo, Norway, and former li- > brarian was familiar with most Baha'i literature available in Norwegian; > that Tom Arboe Hbeg, a librarian at the Universitetabibliotek in Oslo (al- > so the National Library of Norway and repository of every book and article > published in Norway) and Esperantist, edi t 3 a periodical in Esperanto and > recently published an article_therein written by Mrs. ~trand, and appended > to it a partial list of Baha'i-related literature available at UB0f that > •• > Dr. Adelbert l-tuhlschlegel, Hand of the Cause of God, t~;rne á:i from the prac- > tice of conventional medicine to naturopathic medicine; that Benedicta > Thiis, wife of Harald Thiia, is a naturopathic physician; that Loyce LaWEenoe > was an Ameri can pioneer to Norway, an1 that she left her extenai"Ve Bahi:'i > - > library to the Baha'i comrnimity of Svolvaer on Lofoten Island (Mr. Jonsson > made a list of the books and pamphlets in this library and s ent me a copy > > rec!ntly--anyone on their way to Lofoten and vant t he list~), and t he Ba- > hi'is ot Trondheim established a library in that city in honor of her; > - > that Johanna Schubarth's Baha'i librarr is kept in the Haziratu'l~ud.8 o! > Norway, in Oslo; th.at Martha Root's visit in 1935 with King Hc>:on II of > Norway is reported in one ~f the volwnes of 3aha•I World; that she present- > ed a COF.f ot Ba.ti.a' I ~lorld to the UBO; that many pamphlets and selectioP..a > from the writings and talks of 'Abdu'l-Baha and Shoghi Effendi have been > translated into Norwegian and eirculat~d privately; tl~.:it there are a nuc.ber > of sources for information on the Grea :.est Name of God, including the fol- > ~o~ing: ~tatem!_.n~ attributed to 'Abdu'l-Bahi,1 article by Abu'l-Qasim Faizi > printed in Ba.ha' 1 t.Je•1s, no. 451 , October 196b ; Thornton Chase, ''Tne Teach- > ing on the Greatest tiame''; Isabella Brittingham, compiler, ''The Rosary,'' > 1 )I1rs. Gerd Strand > . > Interview: > attributed to 'Abdu'l-Bahi; articles on the Gr eatest Name in La Pensee Ba- > !1£' i e; Epi stle to tq,e Son of t !1e 1~olf, pp. 79-80; Gleanings,, p. 100; Daily > I. esso~ g i ven in '.AY~1-{a. She also mentioned l-iatth ew Arnold as the author of > ,,A l)eraian Pass ion Play,'' in Essavs in Cr itic ism, 1st series, London: ~fac­ > millan and Co., Ltd., 1902; Sverre Holmsen, Swed ish writer and Baha'i, auth- > or of a book on the Bahi' i Faith. ~áIra. Strand also told me of the Catholic > prophecy regarding the Papal succession, according to which the present Pon- > • > tiff, Pope John Paul II is the next to last Pope, part of a chain of prophe- > cies regarding the Popes attributed to a monk named Bartholomew living in > the 12th or 13th century A.D., and also believed to be represented in the > painted medallions depicting the heads of a number of Pontiffs and which > adorn the vaulted ceilings of an Italian sanctuary. Mrs. Strand suggested > that the famed Sybilline oracles might be preserved in t he Vatican library, > and t hat with the unsealing of Vatican documents in 196? for the year 1867 > it became possible for- the first time to try to trace and ultimately r ecover > the -original Tablet written by BaM'u'llah and sent to the Pope, Pius IX, > in that year-to her knowledge no such Tablet had been diaoover.ed si.nce > 1967 (I was unable to look into this while in Italy but will write Italian > friends in search of information). She remarked that Pope John XXIII prior > to his passing proclaimed a Papal encyclical entitled ''Pacem in Terr as'', > the program of which is almost identical to that of the BahI'I teachings-- > ~nd ot the Cause or God Dr. Ugo Giacheey has written on this subject. Mrs. > Strand also spoke of the Jante Law which operates in Norway, invented -by > an author an4 descriptive of the Norwegian attitude, that they are superior > and non-Norvegá are inferior, and we discussed the way in which this re- > latee to the Bib ácal depiction ot the ''devil'', the personification of evil > as ''the. accuser'', ~d the injunction of Christ to ''judge not lest ye be > judged'', to the effe t that the condemnation and criticism of others does > not assist them to t scend their limitations or overcome their imperfect- > ions, and that it ma. even drag them down into yet more debilitating and > destructive iniquities. We also discussed the relationship of judgemental- > ism to ''levelling'', in which we are expected to follow a mediocre norm, to > conform to the ''level'' mean, hov we want everyone to be on the same ''level'' > and this ia not at a11 constructive but rather it inhibits and suppresses > divine attributes such aa dignity and humility, refinement and simplicity, > culture and liberality. Humankind can not be liberated by all assuming the > lowest level, by descending to the lowest common denominator, but rather > through all aspiring towards and working cooperatively towards the highest > principles, without the ''levelling'' ot class warfare or the ''levelling'' ot > class stratification. Mrs. Strand also mentioned an Australian opera sing- > er who lives in Britain and is a Bah&•f; a compilation from the Baha'i Writ- > ings on ''Art'' published by the Universal House of Justice; and the role of > Esperanto in the earq Bab•'i community of Europe. She pointed out the ac- > tivities of the Baha~i International Esperanto League, and the opportunities > for :Baha•Is fluent in Esperanto to cocmunicate with intellectuals in many > countries and to inform them o! the Bahi•I teachings, in other vorda, Esper- > anto is alive and well and worth learning and using. Mrs. Strand pointed > - > out that during the first and second warld wars, trom 1919 to 1939, more > Baha'i literature waa written in, translated into .e nd published in Esperan- > to than in any other European language. In Iran and in Germany many be- > lievers studied Esperanto, and many of the earliest believers in all ot > th• European nationa were F.sperantists. In fact, some of these early adher- > ents dropped out of the Bahi""l community when they perceived that the forth- > right and often headstrong American pioneers were merely using Esperanto in > order to attract people into th• Bahi'l Faith and ignoring its role in the > '+7 > > 1)Mrs. Gerd Strand > Interview: > establishment of an international, a world civilization. She also pointed > out that m3.ny of the first believers in Scandin/iv ia were Theosophists and > tl1at they láem.a.ined members of the Theosophical Society as well a.ti becoming > Bal1i' is until tne Guardian insisted t lut they choose one or the ot:her, and, > along with the Guardian, t~1e governmel!: s of tiorway and Finland (and perhaps > also S\veden and Den,,ark) required th ál~ ráeligious affiliation be singular > and not multi:tile, this applying to rner:~".Jership in t~i.e state church aa well > as in ot11er re:..igious societies. Man~r ot the ea:liest believers did not > - > choose to rerna~n Bahi'is when faced with t~e choice of membership in the > - > Theosop::iical Society, the Luti1eran c :1urch OR the Baba' i Fai ~h. In our con- > tinuing discussion of the Bible, with a young Norwegian Methodist friend > o! mine, látrs. Stra.r.d mentioned a book written by herr Keller, in German, > the English translation of which is enti.tled But .the !Jibl~ was Right, and > reoornmended it for its masterful and scientific explanations of phenomena > reported in the Dible, recommended it to any student ot the Bible and par- > ticularly to the Ba.ha.' i who seeks to rec0t1oile science and religion, scrip- > ture and empirically verifiable tact. Gn ti"te subject of the ''Calamity''- > very popular topic of concerned conversat ~..;:t among Ba..11i' is and many others > in Europe-I-Ir~. Strand á affirmed her vi~w that it is f'~itleas and even harm- > ful. for Bahi'ie to dwell on this theme, and that Baha•is must concentrate > on t~e positive work of the Cause, on ouilding a new world order, confident > that the way will be cleared for the aatablishment ot this new system, and > . . that ''Calamity'' vill strike when it strikes according to the plan and will > of God and not according to our imagicatione, our fears, hopes and expecta- > tions. Her answer of ''what to do1t ia not to stockpile essential.a and head > for the vooda or to announce the end of the world and exciát• ''the masses'' > suppoaedly in preparation fer the terrible time to come--nB.3' rather, her > solution is that we continue to do what one does normally, which is to build > the beat and make the beet o! what is already built. On the subject of lead- > ership, Mrse. §.trand said that ''There vere 'Abdu • 1-Bahi Bahi' is, then .Shoghi > Effendi Baba' is1 nov what are we?'' She calls herself an European Teaching > Committee Babi'TI She admitted that it is difficult for people to be with- > out a personal leader, a h11man ''head'', to be loyal, loving and obediant to > . > '. . au institution, but that this is our task. On the subject of women and mem- > bership on the Universal House of Juetice, Mrs. Strand commented, ''Would > women WAI-ff to be elected to the Universal House of Justice? MEN mostly > -- > ask why there are no women on the Universal House of Justice, NOT \«>MENl '' > Mrs. Strand recommended th.at Batm'is organize conferences and workshops, > meetings vith other groups with similar interests, such as ''New Age'' and > ''social reform'' groups, and that Bahi•l pensioneera of Norwegian ancestry > resident in Minnesota and elsewhere in the USA be encouraged to pioneer to > Norway to spend their last years there, and that these would conotitute > probably the most effective pioneers to Norway. _ > . I did not di.acuee either the prospect of forming an European Bahi' i Studies > .. > Association or of compiling an En~ycloped; .=-~ Bah!i'.1 with Mrs. Strand, and > BO I can not represent her views on these _ ; '..lbjects. She ia most supportive > of cooperative ~!forte, and has been en.:;aged in so many throughout her ser- > vice aa a Babi•i in Scandinavia, but she is also realistic and well aware > ot the foibles ot b11mankind. She would caution patience and dedication, > •~en a• she ha• alva;ya empbasized the virtu.ea ot loving kindneaa and stead- > faatri.esa • > > .Papers and publie~tiona1 Mra. Strand ha5 written a short sketch of Norwe- > gian Baha'i histuryt in Norwegian •nd translated into English, and > baa translated Babi'f literature from Engliah into Norwegian, but > her modesty prevents us from knowing the details of her services. > 2)Miss Gudrun ~fstegaard Languages: I{or'.-regian, Swedisht > Danisl1, English, some Finnish, > bits of other European languages > Degree: u.nlcnown > > Interview: 1-lias Gudrun .0fategaard is_a dedicated servant to the Bah'i. 1 i - > Ca~se who has served on a nUI?lber of Bana'i administrative bodies in Scandi- . > navia_including, until thia year, the National Spiritual Assembly of the > Ba.hi.' is of l'.-Torway. She has pioneered to Sweden and to Finland and in well > acquainted with both countries and with the history of the Cause in all of > Scandinavia. She told me a few stories of Elsa Matilda Vento, Inger Hjelme > and other early believers during our short hour together a.t lálrs. Strand• s > apartment shortly after my arrival in Oslo, at the end of January 1981. > Iáiiss .dfstegaard informed me that ahe had written an history of the Ba.ha' i > Faith in Scan1iinavia and that she would translate this from Norwegian into > English for ce. I am eagerly awaiting receipt of that document. > Regarding Elsa Matilda Vento. Mrs. Strand and Miss 0fstegaard recounted a > number of personal. anecdotes including Miss Vento' s experience of almost > drowning, or rather of drowning and being brought back to life, and of her > description of her state in the spiritual world; and of sitting with her > during meetings of the Regional National Assembly of the Balii'ia of Soandiá > navia, when she would occasionally pipe up and in a single concise phrase > or sentence sum up what the members had been discussing for an hour or long- > e::.'. r!iss flfategaard, like ?-Irs. Strand, has vivid cemories of the early be- > lievers and I urged her to either write down or tape-record everything that > she can remember. She recommended that i,n order to find out about Danish > Ba...1'.i.' i history I should contact Inger Rjelme, living in Ka.strup near Koben- > havn. (I \'1as not in Kobenhavn long enough to follow her advice but hope > to do so upon some later occasion.) Miss 0fstegaard spokeá of the gypsies > of Helsin.~i, Finland with gre1t tenderness: there a.Te about 3000 in the city > of Helsinki and also many iD Abo; they are a dark•haired, short peoplef the > women are generally large and wear long satin dresses; they have some de- > lightful customs such as the sharing of sweets--children when offered sweets > always pass them out equitably, returning the surplus; the Helsinki gypsies > are ma~ of them wealthy, they live in • section of the city apart frorl_ the > .Finns, moat ot them are settled but some áare itinerant peddlers. Miss stegaard joined Mrs. Strand in urging m• to contact Baba' fs of Norwegian > ancestry who are living off of pensions and to ask them to pioneer to Nor- > way. > > Papers and publications: I do not know of anything written and/or published > by Mies '6fstegaard, but am hoping to see her account of lcandinavian > Bahi'i history published, in the various Scandinavian languages and > iD English in the near future. > r:v. NORWAY > > .. - > 3)Bi~~rr Hubendick > Ba.Yia' i Senter > Languages: S\vedi~:1, > English, some Pe~sian > Norwegian, > > Deg:.:-ees: unkno•,1n > > Inter,,,iew: t1r. Hubená: iick •,;as particularly helpful to me in my research > in Norway, giving me the addresses of Holger Hagan, Paul Stolpe, !!ans Ode- > myr, Harald Thiss, Hoosh~r.~ Ra'fat, passing on valuable info=mation abou• > Baha'i literature and history, and peroitting me to make photocopies of > various rare documents ir_ the Natio~l Baha' I Archives of llor 11a:.r and in > > his private librar~r . I 3<'..'.tl him repeatedly in the r.-.onth of February 1901, > - > as I spent oany tours in the Baha'i Senter. He stated that to his know- > ledge there had been no st ~.tdy of old Nor~tJegian ne'trspapers in search of > articles about Babfs and Baha'ie. (See report on Holger Hagan for more de- > tails.) He knew that some research of this kind has been done in Sweden > and mentl oned that . Ezzat Djazayeri, lecturer in Iranian philolo.~r at the > University of Goteborg and noted Baha'i historian would know pa:ticularly > of the great ''find'' in Aftenoladet. (See report on Djazayeri. ) ~1:r. Huben- > - > dick himself is an avid collector of old Norwegian books which mention the > - Faith, and showed me a couple of tomes•, both in Swedish, which > Baha'i • > he collected whilst in Sweden, his native country: > Sven Hedint Geflo~.?~rsi;en oesow~~mien och ~a 1ḥasie~ ~e_;;eminnea, Forord af > professor Hermann Varnbery; Stockholo: Albert Bonniera Forlag, 1887.• á > This book describes Hedin's encounter with Babfs in Iran, on pages 174-75, > and he spea.l.ts of M. Fargues, a French physician, 50 years of age in the > year 1885 or 1886 when Hedin met him in Shiraz, the doct~r fluent in Per- > sian, Arabic and Turkish, and a serious st~dent of the BabI religion, who > attested to Hedin that the Babis have a sign language, that he, Fargues > was permitte~ ta learn this sign langi..1 age, and that he also plans to pub- > lish the Bibi Writings he has collected upon ~ ia return to France. Hedin > said that Fargues studied ~edicine in Paris, and perhaps between the re- > corc:!s of the Universi t$ de Paris and t'::<'se of the BabIs of .fil>.iraz and the > French Foreign Ministry, \./& may b! able to trace Farguea and find out what > happened to his collection of Balli ~an'J.Scripts and it he left any letters > - > or f or~al records of his Ba.bi studies. > Emilia Fogelklou, F-r:.an LS;,ngtansvat;,anna, J.r!annisl;col". pch Rorel,aer; Uppsala: > Sveriges f:Z.istliga Studentrorelsea Forlag, 191'1. • _ > Mr. Hubendick noted that the primary spiritual. centres of the Baha'i Faith > in Scandinavia are also the cites of the major cathedrals erected by Christ- > ians to the Glory of God several centuries ago. Uppsala in Sweden and > T~ondheim in Norway were two of the three most important spiritual cegtres > of Christian Scandinavia; almost all of t~e new converts to the Ba..'ta'i > Faith in recent years have issued from these two oitiea. He reca1led that > 'Abdu'l-Baha or Shoghi Effendi attributed special spiritual capacity to > cat::l.edra.1 cities, but could not recall 4:he source of these statements. > Mr. II~-~bendick showed me a book and a r:.:.. ."luscript, both of which were sent > to the NSA of Norway by ~iyyih Gabrielle, the author of both, the former > bei~ the self-published (in California} !i~e Ca~e _1982..:. The Crimsoq. > Ark,•and the latter a manuscript dated Jal'il, 137 B.E., and descriptive > of Miss Gabrielleá' e plan for 'saving t:ie vorld' before the ''cal amity'' > strikes. These volumes interested me for more than one reason: Miss Ga- > - > brielle is a poet, a Bahi'i and an apocalyptic herald• completely con- > vinced that the ''Calamity'' will come in 1982-33, and that action must be > taken now if we are to mitigate the consequences at all. Aa for Miss Gaá > brielle, Hr. Hubendick told me that she ha.a a.lseady migrated to New Zeal- > IV. !.fOP.'1/.t~Y > > 3)Bj¢rn Hubendick > > Interview: > and,believing herself to be out of danger there. Mr. Hubendick, very aware > of and sympathetic to the apocalyptic rumblings ot ''Ne-.,1 ..\.gers'', astrologers, > certain scientists and military experts, psychics, Pentecostal Christiana, > - > selected Catholic intellectuals and an increasing nur.iber of Bana'is through- > out Europe, recor.tmended that I pe~use the following titles a~ong others: .. > - > Shoghi Effendi, láfessa es to t he Baha'i '.1 orld . 19'10- =)7, pp. 103-1o4, and > Shoghi Effendi, Tl1e Citaciel of Faith, pp. 125-2 • He also told me that > according to pilgrL~'s notes he has read but could not show me, there will > be a great 1t1ar, much more destructive than the la.st world 1r1ar, and that the > ice and snow of Greenland will melt, the oceans will rise, and t~ese ter- > restial ''calamities'' will require survivors to cooperate, to work together, > to build a ne ..r ,..,orld order. He pointed out a book •11ritten by a Dutch in- > > tellectual entitled The Comin' Ne"" Man (J. ,,an Rijckenborgh; Netherlands, > Haarlem: Rozekruis-Pers, 195? • ~. raen I showed interest in following up > - > leads \á1hich ciight fill out our view of Baha'i histor;, he note t hat Shoghi > Effendi, in T!1e ~ omi_s!!d Da.I _1:.._s Come, p. 52, mentions the French translator > and conveyor of Baha 1 u'llah's Tablet to Napoleon III, who lived in 'Akka > and who became a Baha'i after the fulfilment of Baha'u'llah'e prophecy ot > the do\mfall of Napoleon III. Then Mr. Hubendick mentioned that one of > the Norwegian believers, Bettz Kohl, living in Lillehammer, has a copy of > the diary of one of the Baha'is who accompanied 'Abdu'l-Bahi to the United > States in 1912-13. > - > Mr. Hubendick and I talked for several hours regarding the need for spirit- > ualization both in the world at large and in the Balla' i community. á He ad- > dressed the topic o! spiritual education, of mystical life, of the practice > of the presence of God, of the spiritual exercises, disciplines, techniques > - > of Baha'u'llah, supplication, recitation, meditation and instruction among > them. He affirmed his view that Bahi•Ia, like all others seeking to spi- > ri tualize their lives, are in need of personal guidance, exemplification, > -- > support and encouragement, and that we need Baha'i teacher s whose role > would be that of a spiritual guide, one who dedicates his life to the as- > - > sistance, the service of others in their spiritual growth. Mr. Hubendick > mentioned one Baha'i whom he could imagine as his personal apiritua.1 -teach- > er, and this is the Hand of the Cause of God Dr. Adelbert Muhlschlegel. > f.fr. Hubendick told me that Dr. ?-fiihlachlegel was a profound mystic, an ac- > complished student of astrology, naturopathy, Antr..roposophy, Theosophy and > world history, literature and religion. Mr. Hubendick has him.self studied > the lives and words of mystics !ram a number at religious backgrounds in- > cluding Catholic Christianity and !slim, and he is particularly i.'llpressed > - > with the ~ufia. Mr. Hubendick would liek to be informed regarding any and > all effort~ being made in the direction of developing the mystical life a- > mong Baha'is, so I aek my readers to help me apprize him of the situation. > Speaking of aatrology, Mr. Hubendick mentioned that there áis a world ta- > mous astrgloger, resident in Los Angeles, of Swedish name, who mentions > the Bahi'i Faith in nearly every one ot his books. (Upon rrry return to the > United States I soon discovered that he was refering to Dane Rudhyar, one > of whose beautiful books is Gifts of the Spirit; ?lew Age Publishing Com- > pany, 1542 Glen~ale Boulevard, Los Angeiles 2~, California, 1946, 1956, 1!.!, > which the Baha'i Faith is mentioned on pages 128 and 130 9 although Baha'i > teachings seem to pervade the entire text.) _ • > I did not mention the establishment of an European Baha'i Studies Asaocia- > - > tion, compilation of an Encyclo;E!dia Baha',i, my two pet projects, to Mr. > Hubendick. Also, to my knowledge, he is not a_writer and so I can credit > him with no publications in the field of Baha'i studies. > ••1980. > > 4)I1a!'ald T~iis Lai1~~1agea: tlor~á1egian, Danish, > Mandala Institute :::nglish > Degrees: colle~iate (B.A.) in > Relig:ous 1liscoey > > Intervie\-1: }fr. Thiis and. I did not talk r.i~1ch. I met him a!ter a NSA > :?ieeting in ( ..!!.a at the end of ?ebru~y 1981, .~'1.d he invited me up to vis~ > it h~~ni and 'his associates a..t tht~ir new healing centre in the hilly dis- > trict 23 ki!{,:;ieters from Gausdal ar:ái l four or five !á.)~tr drive from Oslo, > to l'lelp clean and paint and otter\~ise :>-:-epare t"1.e facility (an old resort > hotel) for worl-:shops to be held over t:á:e Easter \á1eekend and durins the sub- > seqt1ent surncer. I spent a !e,., days wit:1 the ~áfandala group, mostly ~á1orking, > ar.d. th.e -participating Bar.a' :~.::--tr~e:-e ,~1ere a hal.f wost of the l1andala staff--\"ere obse:!.ḥá1ing the Fast. I met Hr. Thiis' son > in London in July 1981 and he told ?:e that the ~Iandala staff including his > fn. ther had r.ioved permanently to Gausdal from Trondl1eim and that the centre > i...raB now f'u.'lctioning. !}...iri.:lg -::iy Fast visit wit:-i :tr. Thiis 1':~ had onl~r a > few moments to t~lk while en route fro~ the centre to the 17.unbe~yard, to > t.1e pain t::hop, the furniture factory, t:-ie grooer~r store. He described hie > work, in th.e pa.at present :J.."lái future 8.1.l.~ related it ta the á.1ork of ~he > Cause. His story is not pe~~aps of releva;:ce to the scholar of Babi stud- > ies, but as he is rather .~ .!nique indi,1idua2. ens~.ged in providir..g very u- > nique se~vices to the peo~le of !!orway and to the Ba.ha' I2 of that countr~- > it is of compelling interest to the stur:1!nt of t~e Ba11i' i Fait11. . > •há. Thiis has been a :nemcá~r of the Baha'i eo1"'1llnity of NOX"\'lay for about 17 > ~.áears no\t, since 1965. In 1967 he started te3.ching in an experimental > Gymna.siwn (highschool) nea:- Oslo, where he re~ained for seven years. At > some point during those years he discovered ru1 interest in nat1i:-~~.1 r.iedi- > cine, and so he took a correspondence course f~om the European Co11ege of > Natural l1edicine, and in the first part of 1974 he met \tith a group of > healers in Os1.o w!lo 'J1anted to explore alte~~nativea, but this group did > not LW..:nount to anything. '!:'.aster 1974, I-tr. :'11iis atte!:ded a course in re- > nexology, also called zone therapy U:. )er~:~.::.rc, and b;; su.mt!ler 1974 he '~as > workin:~ a.a a zone therapist and teaching only part-ti~e, as a substitute. > In su.".'lraer 1975 ::e aslred an acuFmcturist, a M.D. and a. homeopath to offer > courses in a school in Kopan, ~stedal in natural medicine--this marked the > beginning of his work in arrangin6 cournes, workshops and conferences in > nat1tral medicine. This first eou=se •.ilaS arranged for 25 students but 60 > attended, and it was the start ()f a school of natural medicine tá!~:ich con- > tin~es to f'u.nction in Oslo to this day. i'i:. Thiis said tl"..at this group > is trying to '>:in recognitio!l from the med:.cal establisnment and that he is > not interested in l1elpi.ng ti1em - ;.y lon:!e=- because thdy have drop::1ed their > original psyc'b..o-spiritual or:.entu~ion and. noá:r a:e entire1y concerned with > ~hysical heal::..::~~ and l1e!lth. In spri.ri..;; 19?') he move ::i to Trcndl1e:.m, to > ,.,ork ~vith another BallK' i li,rin.G there a.l'l.d o}'.)e:::-ating The~is Publishing and > ,.,.:th ancthar zone t~era?ist, Bj~rn I1~-:;e Johnson. He liá1ed above the healt:á. > :.:ood st.:>re. rte and :Sened.icta m~ried, 5:1.e a naturopath a.::id rnasse1.:se. > 3:7ern Inge Jo:1n.son cio~ted to the cot:ntr:-side, so .:4=-. Thiis had to work on > his own. Re ~~red an app!áentice, took t ~=ne oft to study acupuncture aná-! > táá.!?n hired anotrte1' apprentice, then ...,o!":~ed E".S a. natu:-opatá:-i for one or t\fO > ~á3a.rs. ~rith 211y people coming a..."l.d going all the \á111ile. In early 1" ..,3 he > aild nis fam.:.ly noáred into a fi~.re-room :....part:::en~, and soon afterá.:r. ~ fo~ > ot~ers who practiced natural ~ed~cine joined them, some working pa~t-time > and ~aisting hi~ w~en they were not earning wages. He became the founder > an1 di~ector of the Norwe~ian Naturopathic Association, and this apartoent > 11eca áa his off~.~~. Ria Association '"a.> called t:ie 1'1ar..d.a1a I:istitáiite from > Dece~ner 15, 1q73, complete with a new set c: rules. ;:'Jld ~oth have stood > I "(r"' • ááácá ")' rá'Y > ... • •.......11. > > 4 ):Iaralá:i Ti:.i is > > Int e ::-,1ie\á/: > the teats of time. T:;.e i.~a.'"11.ala Institute offered cou::ses and the"!."'apeutic > sessior:.S in 1:f!olistic t::e:=-apy, reflexoloGJ, herbal the:.,apy, natural diet, > !'Syc:1osynt:1esis, intuitive ~assage, raeditation. For some time one of > t:ieir co-worl:ersá, who contributed equally as a spii.,itual psychologist > - > ar.:i n.s a carpenter, á:1as an A::ierican 3aha' i named Sta.ry.islav Ojack. This > fi~"'st centre in Trond.hei:J •,1as 110 square ~eters in size. In r:ovember > 1979 tl1e iá!andala Institute r.lO"'.red to its larger facility in T:::-oacll-ieim, oc- > cupying some 300 sq1.tare :-ieters, á.'lhich is now to 'be converted i.nto a cul- > tural centre for trle alterruative and fol.!{ culture of TroncLli.eim. On I~o­ > •:e::iber 17, 1980, the Iáiandala Foundation ,.,as > registered as a non-profit > or5anizaticn, and as of January 1981 the ~resent site of the Institute > is in Gausdal, a fo~r.rer reso::-t l~otel, ;á1ith capaait~r for 125 over-night > s.iests. The centre is co!nposed of two tJ-iree-sto:::-y buildings and an inn > á.!iáth con!'le:::-cial J.:itchen, t~ee li~1ing rooms, a large dining room and base- > :JC?nt 3..!'e.1, and an upstairs ~part~ent for tl1e T!Liis fa.:~1il~r. For t~1e 9res- > ent, iá!andala :árill contir. .ue to conduct cou::.~ses in T~"ondl1eim, I3er.;en and > Oslo, as •,rell as in t1:e ne1.á1 facility in Ga11s.ial. ?á!r. Tl1iis spo~:e of i:.ia > Plans a..11d drea.'!ls fo:- t!le ne1á1 centre in G.'lusdal--to create an atrnosnhere > -conduci,1e to á..1:'lole l~ealing, of t:-ie bod~r and soul, to li~1e in :ia.:r::'lon:r > - ~1ith > tl:e ideals of the iá!e'" ll3e, t11e spiritual and social teac~1in;;s of :Sat.ii• u' 113.h, > to be free fro:'!l !'e:ntal fees, to have a :place á~1'b~ere '-''or!~shop p~ticipants > can f~eely and easil~r gathe!", in '11hicn the environoent itself is 1-1ealing, > cur '.ltive, to be able to accomodate patients ,,,ho are in need of a. •...reek or > > more of total relaxation and therapy, of more th~"'l a quic1'= office visit, > to l1a"1e a comunity from \á1hich arts and crafts can naturally evolve, and > a.~iculture also, as they have 5 r..ectarea and. r..ave already leased another > 6 l1ectares from a neighbor, ~ḥJ.d a book.store and library of ~le\1 Age and > health and healing related literature. > !áIr. Thi is said that there is as rnuch a need for pioneering within as out- > side of the Baha'i corn.'11uni ty, t~at Ba...\.i' Is are in as rnuch need of learning > fundamental as ''non-Baha'is''• and that ideological distinctions bet•..1een > people do not define their spiritual and physical requirements and capa- > cities. He ha.a á\árorked alot \árit!.1 1'tte'" Age'' :9eople, those ~rl10 are convinced, > for one ~ea.son or another, that 1.-.re ha'tre ente:-ed upon a l~e,., Age of spirit- > uali ty and uni~... ersality, of cooperatJ;on an:i unity. He finds tl1tlt such in- > divid1ials are very open to the Baha'i teac~1i!l(~s an1 generally synpathetic > - > to them. l-ran~r lle,:1 !1.E;ers live acco!"£ing to Ba."1a' i principles and la'1TS l.Jith- > out i•ien.tifying tl1emsel,1ea as Bal1i' is or even !:no\árint; anything specifically > about :3aha' ,.l 'll:..:1 • s teac~1i:1~s. -, ~áJ'hen asked if the !á!a11dala Foundation has > a...~y provision fo~ !>Brticipation by individuals who are neither healers nor > :!,')atients, or ~á1!10 ma~.r be too far aá.:ay f:ro!!l the present site of the Institute > to be able to :>a=-tici:9ate, bt1t •..:ho á,.;a~t to support \áthat t!1e7r regard as a > ,,,.. > ,_~00 .-~~ th" > . ing'' 1 1.,.,.. > •• • ~i::LlS rep iá > Ti.... le d th••a t ~i. > v•-ey d 0 ..., á > ...a:1e áti .•ey C a11- ''frien > 'N •• a. t th . ds > of !áfaná::iala' 1 1-ih.o ~;_ tre thin3s (from furniture to food to boo~:s to money) and > ~-1~0 spread the ,.,ord. "!e has done sor.ie net~á1orking (that is forging cor.t'!IU- > nication lirJ:s ...,it:i r:i~r.ibers of' like-minded gro•..rps) and is interested to > ~:~oḥr ,.,!lat otl1e:r "3a~a' is !'lave been able to ac~ieve in brinGing the peoples > > - > of t:.1e á110""."11 closer to eac~ ot11er. ::e exnlaine~ t~1at the !á!anrlala Institute > - > :.s a ááror!:i:i.g coope::-at i ..,e :"'.a.de uy of Geveral Ba~a' is a~d. one or t\vO healers > ~1!10 identif•r t 1á.enselves as ~Te"' Aá~ > ,J > 1'ers but not as Ba11a' is. ~á!r. Thiss aaked > i ! t:-te:-e á.'lere an~r ~-10;:-kir.g cooperati~1ea o! 13aha' is in the United States, > whether ~~at1!:::"er.;ra.ph Press or Kali!'!lit P!-ess •:rere cooperatives. He also > asl-:ed for infor~ation recB!"ding the iUlLSA !fodel and the A!álISA schools in > the United States. > 4 ) ~!arald Thiia > > Inte!'á1ie'.-1: > As p.3.!'t of his net~á1orkir-G efforts, and i !'l sea:ch of kno\..r~. }~e about natural > and spi!'"i tá~tl :i..eali~, :-tr. Thi is spent tá.10 á11ee'ks at :Find!.!orn, the -;.á10.::-ld- > frunous f{e,.,, .'..ge spi:-itual centre in no".'J.:'1ern 3cotlan-!, Sf-Jlá:e \'1ith man:r peo- > ?le the~ e a nd made a fil:i and sli!'.:~ £ :á11 of 11ia t "':"' ~- P • I :eg!'et not seeing > l;ne or the ;Jt:ier :iurir~ ~r visit t ~ Ga.usdal L"'l á};inter 1981. !á!r. T:1i is said > t t:at he didn • t see an'r ooint in staá,.. in,- for morr-- t. 'á. 1n t•110 -,.,eeks because he > " - OJ > > didn't naed t!'!.e instruction of a_n:ro!'le ~ á ere, he ~1. read,y 1'.'.~ev everything they > knew. > > time. > body, spirit, and balance bet > eta healt In > bal > IV. llO~/AY > > 5)Holger Hagan Languages: ~rorwegian, English, > German > De t7eea: ~f.A. in English langi1age > and literE!ture > > Intervie\i: ?-fr. Holt;er Hagan and I had a very brief meeting in Oslo, > after a tiSA meeting and before his return to Krokelvdalen, in the far north > of Norway. lioat of the information contained in this report has been glean- > ed from his letters to me. Regarding my research into the histOr"J of the > year 1844, Mr. Hagan informed me of Lara Levi Laestadiua (1 800-1861), a > S\•1edish minister, who began his adult life as a botanist and became a re- > vivalist preacher among the Lappa. He opposed the sale of alcoholic bev- > erages b y Lutheran ministers, especially to the Lappa, for alcoholism was > as destr11ctive to the natives of Lanpland > .- as it \'las to the nat i ve d•4ellers > of Arizona or ?v!aine in the United States. ''Alcoholic beverag es \-Jere not > only sold by Lutheran ministers, but t~ose cases where a man affiliated with > t~e Church was involved were particularly objectionable to Laestadiua be- > cause he felt such a practice and its results to be contrary to the Christ- > ian message \.,hich those very same clerg:,nnen ~-1ere preaching .'' Laestadius 1 > religious career, according to his own statements and to t he c onsidered > judgements of hi..e biographers, received its spirit and for~ through h is meet- > ing with a Lapp maiden nained Maria on January 10, 1844, t he date on which he > claie to have discovered true Christianity. Mr. Hagan easily recalls this > date as hie birthday is January 9, 1944. Laestadius was a popular preacher > and his particular brand ot Chrietian belief and life quic!~ly became a wide- > spread Pieti.st movement among the Lappe, in northern Sweden, Finland and > Norway. In 1852 :there waa an uprizing in Kautokeino by á some of the Laestad- > ian Lapps, all membera of the Lutheran {th á state) church,á perhaps against > the dominant influence of the Swedea over the Lapps: ''Exactly what the UP- > rising was 8.t) -the reaction of an ethnic and cultural. minorit:r against discrimination; > -,a feeling among the Laestadis.na that the Church represented a spiritless, > hypocritical and superficial degeneration of true Christianity; > --a reaction against a religious authority that condoned and someti~es it- > self practised the sale of liquor, the abuse of which had disastrous hu- > man and social consequences.'' The Laestadian Lapps often gathered in the > summers to practice their particular ''ecstatic possession by the Holy Spi- > rit'' whereby they tofould come to regard themselves as ''touc!!ed souls''• Mr. > Hagan remar!(ed tl"tat a.rnong t he Lappe, '~Ae older generation remains Laestad- > ian, at least to outtárard see~ing. T!le influx of new oembera from ainong > the youth ie steadily dáwindling. '' Gur~ Lile ia, according to Mr. Hagan, > - > the only rlori. regian BaJ1i 1 i (and of Lapp extraction) '<1ho has ca.reftllly studied > Laestadianism. His address is: Saks 11, N-9530 Kviby i Alta, Norway, for > t hose of y ou ,.,ho might i.-rant ta study up on this mover.lent, curiously parallel > to the Bibi movement in Iran, the Ja.ns5onite mo•1ement in Sweden, the Miller- > ite movement in A.eerie~ and the Marxist movement in France and Germany. Mr. > Lile is a farmer and !eacher, fluent reader of English, and married to a > Persian Kuwaiti Baha'i, Nura Khosravi. á > ?-Ir. Ha.gan pointed out, aa we discussed the history of imagined paradises, > that ''Utopia is a w-ord from modern Latin, ultimately baaed on words from > Greek'' meaning ''no place'', and tr~at Erewhon, when its spelling ia reversed, > signifies ''nowhere'' and hence also ''no plaoe''. > Mr. Hagan is ''making a bibliography of all literature relative to t he Faith > written in No_'!'"'Wegian'', &."ld he affirms that ''I 1m,gt it tq be aa complete as > possible. I cannot claim that it is or ,rill be complete. 11 He has sent me > a list of periodical literaturelie has found over the years, áwhich I will > I ~. !IO ~:/AY > > 5)Holger Hagan > I~terview: > of co:~se include in r:rJ ''comprehensive'' bibliography. He writes that ''?-Iy > project still der.iands so r.mch of my ti.~e--in ad:iition to the consultant > ~~ork--that continued registration and sorting of material for a No!'Wegian > - > Baha'i bibliography must =e~ain a future undertaking.: He mentioned that > several students had \á~itten term papers on ~he Bahi' i Faith in Norway > in the past and tha~ at present (winter of 1981) two were studying the Ba- > - > hi' i Faith in laere~skole in rrotodden, .:md that the previous papers '"ere > written for foLlteh,dgskole, gyr.ma.sium a:-:.;. laerersltole. He inforoed oe that > z,tr. G\LTL."'lB.r Jonsson of Fredrikstad has :-.~de a decailed liat ot the booka and > parnphlets in the Loyce La,a-ence Bahi' I library in Svolvaer or4 Lo!oten Island., > and t1'..at it is !-tr. Jonssá')n •.-1ho tolri Mr. ITa£;an a.bout the two students '>1ritinc > paners on the Baha'i Fait~ in Notodden. > . - > Mr. Hagan's e~ployment is related to Ba...'ia'i studies and in quite a unique > fashion. He is working independently and on his own project, using two com- > puters, the lJORD 100 and á the CYSEJ 171 for research into the use!ulness ot > cornp~te~a in linguistic a.~alyais. He is e;nployed by the Data Section ot > the !;or~á:egia.'"l Computir:ig Centre for the H::::anities, located in Bergen, Nor- > way, t~e ~air.. office &f which is in Oslo, and he is working at the Universi- > ty of Tr-oms,. In his project he uses th!:á ~e p!"ograr-..s as his main tools, one > purchased fro:n outside of Nonray (?-iOVA •ST.:'.TUS on the NORD 100 computer) and > two ~eveloped in Bergen (~'i, and KV!K!{IS on CYBER 171 computer). ''IIINDAR > is the programme !or sorting according ':o any variable. Its main use is > for coding data ae a preparation tor statistical analysis under SPSS or si- > milar statistical progra":'!.":ies. KVIKKIS can produce a variety ot word lists > and concordances. riOVA*5'TATUS is a text retrieá~pa1 system where you input > the worda or parts of words that you want to locate and get a list of all > occurences in the text. It is particularly usefu1 for those who need to sift > through á1ast amount.a of texts (like la\"Jers, for instance, or hiatoriana). > These three programs ~e in FORTRAN and COBOL. ''In addition I have devel- > oped simpler programmes for specific tas!r.s.'' ~''The University of TromsJf baa > an optica~ ~eade~, which accepts text written in OCR-B font. The output > from the reader is t~en stored in the ~emory of one of the computers. The > optical reader ie no computer in itself. The brand name is CONTh~..<:T ••• 0 Hr. > Hagan notes th.at ''There á is a cornmercial ~~irm in Stockholm \át hich has at its > disposal an optical reader "rhich ,.,ill accept not only OCR-B font characters, > but a wide variety of character types. 'I'~1e output from the reader can then > be passed on to a computer. Optical rea~ers do only one thine: REA~. The > coaputers receiving the data read can then in t~n use the data as input > for a suitab:e prograr.Ir.le. It is therefo":'e the programme that deci:ieeá what > you can do ,.,ith the data that the optica.:.. reader has given you. Using KVIK- > KIS, for exa..":ple, you can r..ake word lists and concordances. Please note: > major universities in all parts of the wo~ld can be expected to have their > own prog!'ama for preparing °l'Tord lists and concord8.L-ices. !he,!"e.. is n_.?t!lir!Q > spec}s\ aRout ~h~ ~~nco~~~nce-~e~erati~; !J.E..O"'!'a"'l.~~s }evelo;ee_d fJ!:..d ~sed in > llo!"á.-: ááá... Ot!lers have ~ade sueh prograor.tes be:'o!"e, an:l r.iay have made them > bett~r.'' > So then, what is unusual about !1r. Haga.~' s project? F~st ot all, he is > working on a three-~ear project of co~9uterizing and computer-analyzing the > connective descriptive prepositional p~ases ao ácommon in Shoghi Effendi's > beautif,ll tran.alatione of Ba..li.~'u'lla.'1-i's Tablets, phrases such as ::1llow: > ''pearl3 of t'fiadom'', ''horizon of certitude'', ''storme of teats'', ''va.1 ley of > search'', ''f'ounta..in of divine inspiration' 1 • ?1r. Hagan ia impressed by the > contribution computer-analysis mav be able to make to the scientific study > - > of the Bah.a' i Wri tine-a. Secondly, he sees that the programs with which > > 5 ) F!ol ger :~agan > > Inter'trie•..,: > - > he is u..'1.dertaking this study of the Baha'i '•lritings, and similar progra'llS > bei~1 develoned at other uni~1ersities will be able to sai1e scholars and > r > ~ál!"i ters on ~na' doctrine and history a great deal of time and effort' > in sorting material, in L.'1.dexing, ar.d eventually in providing source nat- > erial from any nu~ber of textual sou:-cea a~ost instantaneously. > 5? > rJ. If0R .1AY > > .... > iánr.- l ,~., > . . > T. ., ri...,~ > c.u - ; ., . 1~ --~ > ( >. ' - > sá• rroááá > • > •p :-1á :">"n > 4 - ., • á' ;..r..., ' ~ (~ -- --- á1.' > > certainlár' ot !-. e~s > > Interview: In the 3a~' f Senter 3i1Jlio-:ek and in t!'le Cslo >!eni.~hets­ > !aJ.:u~ tet 3ibliotek I riisco\rered conies of D~ • .~rild. ~omarl1eim' a :ro--ter!'.le . > ~ > > reli;;io-.sitet; Oslo: Forla,c;t av H•.!\schehoug & Co. t 1977, ~~hich. sur're:rs á1ar- > ious ''r.eá,i-religious r:io-.,ements'' afoot in !{or".-1a:r, includinr.; a fe\t/ pages ( 167- > ?1) á'ievoted to 1"9ahai''. After trying r:r1 best to decipher the lar:.gua,:;e-- > Dr. :=::o:"'!arhei.m t.'II"ites -...áer:1 nicely in tá! or.á1e.: ;ian: w~at a !)ity that I don't > read áá ()~<1egia.'1! But I tried, and I á.\•as e!l.oug~ i::terested in \vhat I read > to ca:l upon the ~rofessor during his o~fice hou~s at the Meni g~etsfakul­ > tet. Tie ::?ost genero:.1.::;ly aceorded :ie at least an hour of his time and 'tTe > spoke casually and affably of new religious movements in general, of spe- > cific oover:iants including t!1e Children of God, the International Societ:r > for Kriahna Conseio'..l.Sneas, t !le -~~dir,;aJ-:, the rival associations of Tr~...s­ > cendenta.l !á!ed.itato~s, t~e TJnification C!'iurch, and, of course, th~ Baha'i > laith. Dr. ~c~ar~eim admitted t~at he had not studied t he Ba~a'i move~ent > since the publication o! his boolá: in 1977, a!ld t~at he had focused his at- > tention on the most popu:!.a.!'" ~e,á1 religious nove!'!'ent in l'Tor\.,ay since that > tme, on the rival T.M. O!'ga.nizaticns. I-!e nointed out that •:1hile t here > - - > are sone 200-2;-0 Ba.lia' is in Nor..ray, while the TI'nification Church is banned > alor..g 1!1ith the Children of God (alt!lourrh .a former ~ember of this group > told ~e that a fet'l active members still e~~ist in No~áray) a:::d. devotees of • > Sri ~~.rishna, and trthile only the Pakista:::'.. iraznigrants are Ahmaidists, in > I'Tor•.:ay there are over 50,000 initiated T~anscendental ~1editat o!"s, and that > in coo~iaon with o!lly about 6000 Met~odists, the only Christian • > cbtl!"ch > 'llhich is at all •.-tell established besides the state church, \'1hich is Lutheran. > Dr. Rornarheim stated that there is a hi:;her :percentage of Ti:3.!1Scendental > Z.ieditatore in Nort.-ray than in any other country in the world, and tr.at it > is the only serious ''rival'' of tr~e state church for reliE;ious affiliation. > Although he haa turned his attention to this much nore influencial ~ovement, > he indicated to me that he •,ra~ld appreciate being ~ept informed ~egarding > the onward press of the Bal-A 1 i religion and in narticular the developnent > of Baha'i scholarship, and accepted when I off~~ed to send him an invita- > tion to participate i.!l any conference on Baha'i studies. I mus~ qualify > this staternent--he seemed pleased to be invited but did not ind icate that > he would participate. > ~':r-a. Strand clearly :iescribed Dr. 'Ror.-.3.!"'-: ei!'!l' a attit ~tde to\árards the ~aha' i > - > religion as antagonistic and conden.'l.B.tory. 1:/ith all due respect be :;h to . > 1áfrs. Strand and to n:-. 2or.iarheim, I a.":l sure that this is an acci.~ate (les- > criptian, but also that it is entirely le:i t i r:i.ate for I'ir~. Stran'"i. to feel > that sunh an attitude is ina:pprop~iate a."1.d uná...r~:-anted, anC. t~at it is al- > so legitimate fo!" Dr. :?or.iar'1eir:t to :-erio:ard his attiturte as cor:ipletelj,. ap- > prO!l!"iate and ':iarranted, and in0.eecl. ".":~cessa!'"y a..'11.~. u...~avoi:iable. !';.:"ter :-=lll, > ?'lrs. Strand is an i~sioned, ar1eá:1t e~ner.t a.'1.d rief~n:!er o! t1-:.e l?-J.ha' i - > Faith .-rho stro~_;l:r disapproves of t á"\.e att-:.tu~e of the C~ ::.á.; sti.a..'1 intelligent- > > sia ,_.,hich :-ejects tte Foun;.1.e:- of ~e:- :-e: ~. gion a.a a false !'!"Ophet or rnu:id.le- > ~ea-ied O!'portunist or at best a.."?. i:!.eali!:!t ohsessed á,-1i tl--~ :1 is c•.-rn i:-:1portance; > a...~d Dr. Ro~ar~ein is a dedicated, e:l.!'nest expo~ent an1 ~efender of h is re- > lig ion (I am not sure of w'-:et°::e!" '.1.e is :1 ~~etho~iist or a Lut~eran) á :'.'lo stronG- > ly rlina:pproves of the attitu.:ie of t 1:1ose •:rho cto :::ot n.ccept the Fou.'1der o~ > hie religion to be the onl~r Son of God, : á:e o!'lly Sa,1iour, and ctr.er concep- > tions 1.á1'.1ich r.:i.itigate again.st the acce!'ltance and. :-eve!'ence of the Founders > of other religions aa on the same suirit11al and cosmic le~rel as Jesus Christ. > ~ > IV. NORWAY > > ?)Tom Lubbock Languagea: English, Norwegian, > Swedish, Danish, German, Spanish, > French, some FinPiah, some Chinese > Degrees.: > • > M.A. in German litera- > ture and language, Univerait7 of > California, Berkeley; topica 1'?hom- > aa Mau and Naturaliem'' > > Interview: Hr. Lubbock and I t•lked almost continuously tor two da1• > over the course of a weekend in March 1981. Mrs.. Gerd Strand introduced > me to his •nd helped me to arrange thia •isit with him and hia fami~ in > Mose. Mr. Lubbock is u. English teacher at Viarli• Videregaende Skole, in > Moss, a school tor the handicapped; he ia certified aa a teacher ot Eng- > lish and Spanish at th• gyumaeium level in Norway, but 11ntil now he baa > taught only English. He read.II wide]Jr and voraciowsly in Spanish and Lat- > in American history and literature. He brought to my attention a verit- > able mo1mtaiu of sources for 1111 atud;y of th• year 1844, •nd I have not yet > been able to go through all ot my notes and organize them. We addressed > ouraelvea to a multitude of subject• and so this report ia going to be mul- > tifaceted, perhaps even contuaing if you c•n not keep up with the frequent > changes in subject matter. Mr. Lubbock recon1mended that Bahi•I scholars > write papers OD 1".rangent Religioua Philosophies" or some other aimil•r sub- > ject so they 1JllJ:1' touch people who are sesrching for meani:n.g. ia life and > who are no1 satisfied with th• atatua quo. He is eager to.receive viaita > from Bahi•i echolara, especially psyohologiata and educators and writere, > - > and to correspond with Bah&1 ia vho ehare ~ of hia intellaotu•l appetites. > He resides in Norw&J' during the winter, spring and ta1.1 áá aaaaou and ia , > Spain duri.Dg th• a••mer months. He would also be interested to~ticipat• > in some manner in a conference OD Bahi•i paycholoa or of Baha'i psycholo- > gists. He shoved Ill.! a world history which reaches conoluaiona similar to > those which a Rabi'i might arriv• at& Richard Carrington, A'Mtllion Yea.re > of !4an 1 ~á .at,ory of Rupan. Dttvelol!!!!At u. ~ ~a:r:,t o{ N~~~t Nev American > Library, Mentor Booka, 1%3. Mr. Lubbock ia desiroua o~ obtaining a 00111 > ot Baha'u'llah and th• New Era in Chinese, •nd for Bahi"'i literature in > Spanish and Ge!:man. He ia •l•o wanting to read the German and Spanish ver: > aioDIJ of Bahi'i News and voul.d appreciate 8111 aaail!ltance that other Btbi 1 is > can render. He is eager to do research but b•mpered now by the abaenoe > of literature iD his immediate area and hia present indispoaitioa to travel. > He also c•~ not afford to buy many books aa he bas tvo children and a á > spouse to support and all four of them live oft of his teacher'• meager > aalllrJ'• Far u isolated Bahi•1 he ia r•markably knowledgeable. Among > other things h• vaa able to supplJ' me with the.address ot a Bahi'i P91'- > chologiat in Norway and another in GerM.ny: Dr. áHal Sexton in Kriatan- > sand and Erik Blumenthal iD Immenataad/Bodensee, German;r; and with th• ad- > . dreae of a distinguished. 'Rabi•1 achol ar reeident in SpaiD.1 Mr. Kehrabkhan- > eh, Ramire de Maeetu, 33/21A, Valenoia, Eapana C.3234-274). Hr. Lubbock > ia interested to knov mare about North and South and Central h'ariou Ia- > diane who have become Beb.A•Ia. He would like to correspond with Ir. lJd.o > Schaefer •nd with Dr. Kent Beveridge and read their diaaertatioae and oth- > er diseertationa in the Germen ]..engt1age vhich deal with •apeota of the Ba- > hi•I Faith. Re ia a tireleu reader of psychological literature •nd nn- > tioned reacting b-oe th• tollovi.Dg renovnad peyohologiata, in Bnglielt, Gerz > un áor Spani aha Hear,. Al der Murrq, Karen l!oruy, Har1'J Stack Sulli• > van~ Gordon Villum Allport, Raymond. B. Cattell, Williaa Herbert Sheldon, > Ge.orge Alexander K•ll7, Albert B•ndura, Kurt Goldstein, Med•rd Boaa, Vik• > tor Frankl, Karl J••pera, Eugen Bleuler, SchuJ.te-Tolle, Thomas A. Harri.a. > IV. NORWAY > > 7 )Tom Lubbock > Interview: > He mentioned Svami Akhilanenda's HiJ!.du Psych,olqgyL ,Ita Mea,ning _f~ _tp• > West, toreward by Gordon Allport and Erl~ .:>. Brightman1 Schulte-Tolle, > Ps;rchiatrie, Springer Verlag, 1973 (covering auto-~oaia, meditation, > ;yoga, applied to paychotherapy)1 Eugen Eleuler, Le~bueh der Psyehiat,rie, > ed. and r••á by Manfred Bleuler et. al., Siringer Verlag, 19791 Viktor . > E. Frankl, Der Mille ZWll Si.nn, Verlag Hams Huber, 19?2, with i.ntroductiaa. > by Gordon Allport. Karl Jaapera is Mr. Lubbock's favorite au~horit:y on > psychology, and here he will explain vhyt Jaapera recognizea ''faith11 ae > an essential constituent ot mental health; hia concept ot the aubconaciOWI > mtq be likened to that of intuition in Bah'i •l vritinga1 he regard.a intel- > lectual habits aa influencing and delimiting or expanding our abilit7 to > make decisions, to interpret, to give meaJ>ing, aa guiding factors& he > . affirms that the greatest 30ula are those vho have expanded the outer > limit of consciouaness farther than othera; he eees that the soul grove á > throughout life, not the body1 what we do and what ve create are exprea- > aiona of the soul, they are the actions of th• aoul, so we perceive th• > soul through vorka (or ae Christ aays, ''bJ their truite ah•ll ;rou know > them••). In Allgemeine P9cho:pat1'0'.!-ogi!t, Springer Verlag, 1973, Jaspers > makes a strict separation between philosophy and science, valuing both > but illsisting that they are not to be mixedf he inaiata on clarity, that > we not hide behind muddled concepts •nd language. Psychotherapy require• > medical training but it ia an art not just a science. Hr. Lubbock asked > me to put him into contact with other Ba.hi'la •tu~ing peychologr or in > practice .. psychotherapists. He .suggested that the interested pa.rtiea > correlate the discoveries of th• phyaio•l, social •nd spiritual sciencea > relative to h,rman nature and behaviou.:-. lI• conjectured that Behi'l ps;r- > chology might be denomin•ted the ''aciance of the soul''• He mentioned > two monumental worka ot ''modern psychology'' written during the ministry > of Bahi'u'llah, the first being William Strange•• Th• Seven Sources of > Health, 1864; •nd the second Wilhelm Wnndt's > • > based upon the opening of his tirst laboratory for pqchological research á > independent of philoso~ in 1879. Mr. Lubbock askedá for material on P81- > choayntheais, on Adlerian pBJ'Chology and on Erik Bl1amentb•l '• work to be > sent him, and •eked it there were opportunities torá training in Pf11Cho- > . synthesis in No~. He said that he_wauld also be in.tereated in vritinc > an article on psychology ftom a Beli&'i perspective tor World Order or > á á some other scholarly Ba.bi• i publication. áá á. á. á > - > Related to 1981 aa Year of the Handicapped deol•red by tM United Nation.a > - 1 i lite generally Mr. Lubbock stated that he felt the moat ef- > and to Bal:a > fective w~ to impreej upon people the significance of the ~ahi 1 l á teach- á > ings of love and unity and service is to think about 'o ther :People, their > needs, and to help them, and not think all the ti=• of the Baba•Ia only, > -- > to forego selfishness •nd •IQ' kind ot selt-centeredneea. Baha'i.a 8hou1d > act, g_et things done, not just átalk, philosophize and proaletyse. The > Bahi' i con1m1nity ia very small, •t>d it it had practic•l projects ot ser- > vice to people it would have a more exalted reputation and attract more > interest. Service ia understood and appreciated by many people. He apw > proved of the Mandala Institute because it• members are ''doers'', they are > doing something practical and tangible to asai.st their fellow b11man being•. > He •eked to be put into contact vith Harald Thiia and other members of Man- > dala, in hope that they might be able to lend a hand to the handicapp•d > youngsters at Varl.i. á á á > While I vaa visiting hia in Kosa, Mr. Lubbock bad a Jli.dnight riaion o~ ex- > traordinar)' clarity and powers it was ot vriting tba atoI"J' of a Baha'i "ril.á > 6o > IV. NORWAY > > ? )Tom Lubbock > > Interviews > lag• (pueblo) somewhere in Latin America, deacribing_ita pre-Col11mbian, > Catholic, Republican, Socialist and subeequent-Bahi"i influences and > charting its social and spirit11al and cultural developnent. He told me > about this vision the next morning and indicated that he wiahed to be- > gin research on this immediately and he asked that I !ind people in Latin > America to collaborate with l:i.im, supplying him with the writings of Latin > American (especially native) authors, of etbnographere, of .Spanish explor- > ers and merchants and adventurers, of archaeologists, and so forth. He > thought that perhaps an American pioneer could aaaist him, by collecting > material and mailing it to him. This book could be written as a dooument- > ary or aa a novel or aa a mix of th• two, and b• published in English, > Spanish and the native l&J'>guage of the people depicted. The aim of the > book would be to demonstrate that neither capitaliam nor comnnmim works > to solve the problema ot villagers, and as moat h11man beings are villagers > this applies to the bulk ot mankind, and to show that Babi•f áteachings > and institutiooa (not just LSAa but alao educational• social, economic > and political institutions subsidiary to the LSAs)are operable and even > ideal .J!tOblem-eolvers. Mr. Lubbock would visit this village •nd do on > the apo~ áresearoh such as interviews, sketches and paintings sometime when > he waa on bis way to California to see hia family, or on his WtJ:3 baok and > heading for Norw81'• He would ne•d photograpba, documents and interviews > aa well aa bookll and artiolea and memoirs--aa much material as possible. > We briefly diaouased the need to find a publisher e~er and able to devel- > - > ope a oommeroial market for booke written on Bahi.'i-related topics. Sti- > •• > mulated by this conversation, Mr. Lubbock suggested that he might be in= > tereated in writing •n historical novel or compelling biography of the > Agl>Mn, or the Afnin, about the P.n•w temple ar the journey of the Bab•s > corpse in concealment, from Tabri& to Haifa, perhaps trom th• point of > viev of one of Sam Kh•n's soldiers. Mr. Lubbock would prefer to write > instead' of teaching but-~annot even dream of writing t,or a living as hi.a > - > - > interests are ao Baha'i-related and at- present there ia no collWOrcial mar- > -- > ket •nd gen•ral readership for Baha'i-related literature. It be could be > guarranteed acme eort of income tram translating literature into English > from Spe1'~.ab or Getman or some other langiiage, be could realistically con- > sider embarking on a literary career. Prior to teaching he worked IUI a > 001nmeroial artist, á in Berkeley and San Fr•nci8co, Californi• 1 in Germaiv, > Denmark and Sweden, and he continues to pain !_nd would be willing to do > il.luatrationa for Baha'i News and other Baha'i publications. He is also > willing to esaiat . in the developnent of Bahi.'l schools, 'given hie exper- > ience in teaching, in art, advertising and in langtiagea. á It is very dif- > ficult for a writer to concentrate entirely on his craft, hie ar.ti Mr. Lub- > bock cited the example ot Thomas Mann, ca1ling Magic .!loutl:tain áa eymphoey, > and stating that all ot Mann's books fit together beautitully, ~á al~a > had time to walk and write and think, and suggested that i:t' h• bad not al- > ways bad such a self-effacing, supportive vi:t'e, who took care ot all dia- > tracting details and encouraged him always, cheering him out ot hi.a depres- > sions he vould not have become such a maaterful writer. Then again, he > mused, there are :t'ew women in this age who a.re "illing to spend their livea > ministering to the needs of one man- end this ia a good sign, for increas- > ingly women are realizing that they potentially have a.a much talent aa > their spo11sea, u azuch or more, and that they deserve su.pport and freedom > from distraction and tot•l acceptance aa much aa their spoll!les, and that > they are not willing to wait on anyone hand and toot in any case. Marriage > i8 difficult in this age, but Kr. Lubbock believes it to be better than > IV. ?«>RWAY > > ?)Tom Lubbock > Interview: > singleness, for the single person becomes either an ascetic or a profli- > gate, and neither is satisfying or natural. We shared the dream of a > 'Baha•I Bus'' which would accomodate a group of Bahi 1 Is as the1 traveled > about, sbariDg expenses and experiences, :.iving like gypsies and providá > ing entertainment t musical, poetical, theatrical, finding ingeneous au creative VIQ'& to convey the Bahi'l teachi~~s. We spoke of the neeJ to > rec~rd oral histor.r among Bahi 1 Ia and to revive story-telling in the Ba- > ha'i communi~, to write down •nd tape record the • oriea which older be- > lievers tell, not juat historical anecdotes but also didactic tales, tab• > lea, legenda, jokes. If these were written in English and Spanish they > could be 'lMd in teaching these lang1iages ~o hia students. (HP. ia always > thinking both of imaginative, creative wars to convey Babi•I teac.:iings > and of practical applicatiolll!I tor all of these efforts, eo they actuall.7 > :iJaprove the lot of specific people.) With great affection and respect > he spoke of Shoghi Effendi, the General, the Commander in Chief of the > Arf/13 of L.ight 1 hia strong leadership and organization,, ot his tactical > insight and vi.edom--insisting that there be no more than 15 Bahi•Ia iD > one town, enough ao that a LS.A can be formed and maintained, es-cabliehed > and incorpm:-ated, so that the Balui•I Faith has a permanent presence in > that plac•1.. but without there being a concentration of torcea, eo that > each Baba' i comnatmity cou.ld grow naturall7, from the graseroote, from in- > f•noy, from small beginninga, and so that the spiritual conquest of the > globe may proceed step by atep, city by city, more along the liuea of guer- > rila tactica,. infiltration tban those of formal battle strategy or ,á,litz- > krieg, vi.th vork being done by small groups of peop1! and by individuals, > not b7 áa maseiv• •nd iacporsonal organization. BabA1 ill are meant to be > strong, quiet, oonetructive people, alva.ya rea~ to help, and of.~'\t.:á l:ng > their coun-•l only wh•n aaked to do ao. J > > I.fr. Lubbock would like to read Enu•nuel Laottn,a 1 e La Venida del M•ei.a.e > t > ep ,!}lor.i~ Majestad, so, if •ey of you come b7 a copy, pleas• co;sider > notifying Iii if you havenIt th• heart to go ahead and :photocopy ti:' send- > ing him this emall gift out of the tullneaa ot your =rotherl7 love. He . > atti.rmed bia view that myatici• i.e the.universal meeting-ground cf all > religions, that ia, 1111atic•l e.zperience. He said tbat Bebi 1 Is ai'~...a.J.d not > hide their knowledge frm one •nother, that when one learns how to medi- > tate or hov to pray he should teach others and not keep it to himself. > In. doing research, the proper attitude of the B•bi 1l ia áneither át:~ love > nor to bate the subject of enquiry, to be dispassionate, to aee 'tningli •• > they are._ !W noted that philoaop}Q' can be used to proove th• Teracit7 of > the B•hi' i teaohinge, to proove that Baba• u 1 llab ia Who He says r:ie is, > to proove the existence ot God, to demonstrate that w either take a ne- > gative or a positive stance on everything--it ia always a question of at > firmation or negation. Either God ia or He ia not, either I - or : •• > not--w• can reject existence by calling everything a mistake or by re• > fusing to think about thinge or b7 regar0~:ig existence •• living torture. > But vha we affirm life ve are happy, va can b• happy about evei-J~hiagi. > and th•nktul far everything exactly •• it is. It you have gratitude thená > you know ave, like a child. Exporienoe is positive or negative. ti..r. Lub• > 'bock b•e studied Kant and the exiatenti•liat philosopnera •"d thrcá.zgh > thea he learned that choio• ia our £,eat•:~t h11man attribute end ;ift. He > urged me to write something oa Baha'i philos~, no matter if it !...! based > on ~ limited knowledge, end to opeaq cballenge apaoialiate •nd pro~•a­ > aional • to explain philosophical. and eoientifio •nd artiatia conceptions > more clear~ •ud iD. a nm-...11niversal •net generally compreheuibl• t•ebion. > "IV. NORWAY > > 7)Tom Lubbock > Interview: > Relative to fIX'3' philosophical essays, he recommended that among the topics > addressed bes ''freedom and law••, ''God's law and freedom of ohoice--the > right of refusal, of denial''• He .suggested a prefac• to the selection > explaining that these essays are provisional, that the7 represent the > testing of ideas, a form of play, a game, not a hard and !rust invest- > ment, not an ideological commitment. We discussed the adversary system > operating in the United States--ita principles firmly and rigidly upheld > in the economy, in legal structure and enactments, in politic• and govern > ment, in religious life, in academic enterprise, even in the arts and of- > ten i~ the sciences. And we did not eide-step another issue, that of how > Bahi 1 is will respond appropriately to trends in general society such as > gay liberation, athletic sex, the vulgarization of language, music, film > and literature, children and adolescents demanding more freedom and more > responsibility, the threat of nuclear holocaust and so forth: Can Bahi•[.s > compromise? Can they broaden their appeal? Can they tolerate real diver- > sity? Can they be content with imperfection? Ia exclusivity s•tistying > to the present generation? Wil1 it be tenable for the next generatinn, for > the youngsters now being schooled in the principles and teaching& ot the > Baha'i Faith? Can the Baha'i Faith change with the times? I 'Will indeed > try to explore some ot these themas in my essays, although I fee1 that Mr. > Lubbock could do a much better job of it, with his vast store ot knowledge, > hia clear judgement and his innate sense of balance and harmoJl1• > - > I did not mention either the European Bah"'i Studies Association or the En- > cycl,QJl!?ia, Bf'th~•I to Mr. Lubbock and ao I can not speak tor on these topic.a. > I suapect that he would acclaim the former and disclai.m the latter, regard- > ing the first ae timely and needed and the second u untimely and 11nneeded. > > Papers: 'tfhomas Mann and Naturalism', M.A. theaia for German Department, > University of California, Berke1e7, spring 1965. > IV. NORWAY > > 8)0alo Universitetsbibliotek > Oslo > Aa I spent most of the month of Febr11ary 1981 aa well as the first > week of March and the last wee!< of January in Oslo, I was able to spend > the better part of several days in the Otra, and althou&,h I spent moat > of my time making a mere liat ot the books contained in that library > which could be included on my bibliography, that and a bibliography for > my history of 1844 and the beginnings of an account of Norwegian activi- > ties in that year, I did spend a couple ot ~s studying the OrJB'a rare > copy of 'Abd al-Rahman Tag's Le Babisme et l'IslSll, a Ph.D. dissertation > accepted by the Universite de Paris and published vith an appendicei r$• > production ot the manuscript of the Bayi~al-'Arab in the Biblioteque Na- > tionale de Paris, in 1~2. Thia book do&s no~ make for pleasant reading, > tor the believing Bani' i, but it is c~efully researched and therefore > deserving of study by scholars of Bibi hiatory and doctrine--Mr. Tag is > - > a self-proclaimed Muslim and, from the very start ot hia book, he re(;ard > the Bib! religion with nothing less than utter contempt, and ia eager to > compound calumny- vith distortion. Never~l1eleaa, in the thirty sot'l!\e. pa~es > I read, out of some 500, I found that Hr. Tag did hia homework. Thd com- > plete list ot books I found at OUB relating to Bibi and Bahi' i topics is > included in f113 bibliography and could be published separately it there ia > - > a demand for it. I recommend the OUB to all Bahi'i scholars--it was a > pleasure working there--they have open stacks, use is open to any and all, > the staff are moet helpful and they have the most extensive collection of > Bahi•i-related literature in Norwegian outside of perhaps the Bab.i.•I Sen- > ter Bibliotek. One o! the librarians currently employed at OUB is an Ee- > perantiat vho edits an Esperanto-language journa.1, and recently he pub- > lished a list of Ball4 1 I literature available in the OUB, áaiong vith an ar- > ticle by a Bahi.•I > ,,., Esperantist about > á- the Baha'i Faith: the librarian's name > ia Tom Arboe Hoeg and the Balli' i author is Mrs. Gerd Strand. This list > will be incorporated into my bibliography. > > 9)0slo Menighetsfakul.tetsbibliotek > Oslo > For a few hour! I roamed through the card catalogue ot the OMB, making > note of the Baha'i-related books they did and did not have copies of, and, > lo !nd behold! thie library had copies of five booir..a which mention the Ba- > hi' i Faith I had not heard of previously,all of them written oy Protestant > Christian American. Swedish and Norwegian authora these are included in > my bibliography. Unfortunately tor the Christiana who are receiving ad- > vanced religious instruction at the Menighetsfakultet, the library bas a > poor sele~tion ot basic Bahi' [texts, and most of ite books relative to > the BahA'i Faith are written by Protestant apologists who generally mi.a- > represent whatever they do not ascribe to or approve of. I tow:.d this li- > brary, like OUB, to be open to visiting scholars and without 'red tape•, > and in tact, the ataft I spoke with were most helpful, attending to me > personally and in a cheerful and frienaly spirit. > IV. tlORWAY > > 10)Teologiekfakultetbibliotek > Oslo Universitet > Oslo > > Thia library ia tiny and has very tew volumes relative to the field > ot Bibi and Bah&'l studies. In fact, it has so few selections that I will > list all of them here: Baha'u'llah, The Glad-Tidings 9t••• , introduction > and notea by George Townshend; London, 1§2i'.9 (F10 Ba; L To'; Hermann Zim- á > - > mer, A fraudulent testament devalues the Baha'i reli ion; Waiblingen, 1973 > (S Zim : these two books were on the third floor. On the sixth fioor I > could find only one book, Hermann Zirmuer'a A fraudul&nt testament ••• (Mag. > E Zim), but then I did not spend more than half an hour looking--thia li- > brary is even amaller than the third floor collectionl In ~ case, they > don't have a big selection. I might point out at this jucture that there > are copies of Zimmer'a book in the BNUS, OUB; WLS, UBH (in GerJD8ll1) and > in án~ among other libraries in Europe. Zimmer's ideas will have their > influence on Cbriatians and on all non-Baba•I students of the Bah&•I Faith > - > until they are vigorousl.3' countered by a competent Baha'i scholar, until > a thorough •nd scholar~ refutation of hia viewa is published and widely > disseminated throughout Europe; I am trying to restrain my'&elt from edit- > orializing but this ia one occasion when I feel it is appropriate and in > good taste. > > 11)Babi•l Senter Bibliotek > Dramaenaveien 110A. > Oslo 2 > Mr. Bjl!rn Bubendick, Secretary of tht NSA of No~ •nd resident and > caretaker of the Haziratu'l-Quda (Bah&•i Senter) most graciously allowed > me to spend NJQ hours making long lists of the literature in their pos- > session, both that in print and tor sale •nd those selections vhioh form > part of their Archives and Library. As Mrs. Gerd Strand noted, among th• > books in the Baba•I Senter Bibliotek .$r• those of Miss Anna Schubarth, > - ~ > first Norvegi•n Bahi'i. I mwst regretfUlly admit that I did not make a > complete liat of the holdings of thia rare collection, although I can at- > test that it is the largest in all of Norway, with the poaaible exceptiOll > of the Loyce Lawrence Library o:n Svalvaer, Lototen Islands. In 8Dif case, > tbe BSB certainly has a wider selection of literature in Norwegian, in- > cluding ao11e translations of Babi•f literature in. English vhioh are avail- > able oDly' in typewritten form, having never been published. In addition > to perhaps a halt-dozen shelves jammed with books and pamphlets there are > two or three file drawers full of papers comprising the Norwegian Bahi•I > Archives. Mr. Hubendick a]so kindly showed me some of the contents of > these files but I realized that it would take me months and a tluent know- > ledge of the Norwegian langu.age to 'l!"k• even a preliminary list ot their > contents. The. cataloguing of Bah&' i Archives, that ia of the papers a- > part from the books and pamphlets, ia a work o{ the future, and it is > properly the work ot experts in national Bahi'i_history, trained biblio- > graphers, with at least some knovledge of Bab&' i and civil law and admi- > nistration. Need1esa to say, I am an expert in nothing at all, I am > - > not a trained bibliographer and my knowledge of Baba' i and civil lav •ad > administration is ridiculouely inadequate to such a task. The few book.e > I have made note of vill be included in my bibliography. BSD ia not a > great collection of B&bf and BahA'l related msterial--it does not compare > to those ot the Austrian, Italian, French or British Baha'I coantmitie.!t > but it is sufficient, and it has more literature in Norwegian on Baha'i > than R.n-c1 ot'1~r l:!f>""~r•r ir1 t~~ •,,,r~- 1 .-1 •áv-~,...t '~:ráh.~"':'~ fn;. t-,..~~ !?..•\s > V. FINLAND > > 1 )Sirkka SaJm1, SecretarJ > National Spiritt1•l AsaembJ.7 > ot the Bah: I's of Fjn j and > > Corresponden.:e: I vrote Mias S•lmi a letter, dated 3 Februar1 1981 stat- > tiDg rq intention ot undertaking biblio~aphica.l research in Helsinki over > a period c~ five ~a in late Februar1, •nd aalcing for permission to atud1' > •nd catalogue the contents ot the Finnish Bahi' I Archives •nd Librar'J' (FBA) > aa well aa stating tf11 hope of meeting ~1: . ifartmut Groeauaann, Mr. Harri Pel- > tola and áMr. Kami Namdar. Miss Salmi re~ 'JOnded > ,. in a letter dated 15 Febru- > ary 1981, welcoming m• varm.ly to Finla~.:! and sending me the addressee of > Messrs. Groasmaon, Peltola, and Namdar, •nd enclosing a liat of •Bab.i•I Lit- > erature Printed in the Finnish Language, Published by the Nation•l Spirit- > ual Asaembly of the Bahi'ia of Finland'. I did not receive this letter in > Calo, but upon 1111 arrival in Finland, Messrs. Namdar and Peltola both gave > me their copies thereof. I am deeply gTate!ul to the NSA ot Finland for > this courteous and informative reply to my letter, and particularly to its > Secretary who discharged her God-given :esponaibilit7 with such alacrity > and amity. And I am forever tbanktul to the NSA tor its loving hospitality, > tor sheltering me in the Hasiratu' 1-Qude during JJJ7 short vi.sit. > A. photocopy of the liat encloaed by Mias Salmi is available troa me at coat, > and •11 titles cited therein will b• included in my bibliography. > > 2)Kamran N•mdar L•nguagees Persian, l'innieb, > Engli.1Jh 1 Swedish > Degreea: M.A. in English litera- > ture in progreaa > Interview: A tev hour• after ft1Y arrival in Helsinki, Kr. Kamran Namdar > greeted me warml.7 in the Mtropolit•n bus station •nd took •• to the reei- > dellO• of hia parents •nd biznMlf in nearby F.spoo, to dine and talk and at- > tend a fireside. He !mediatel y began to urge me to pioneer to Finland, 91q- > ing that there a.re many positions available for .A.meric•JJs to teach English, á > that salaries are good, qualifications are no problem--a?Q' college degree ia > sufficient- and that university programs are free •nd top quality. There > are excellen-c programa in Arabic and Islamic Studies at t:ie University of > Helsinki, all the way through to the Ph.D. level. He pointed out that in' > - > Helsinki proper there ia on• Finnish Babi'i studying Arabio (Mr. Mat"t:. ~reea- > maa, currently member ot th• NSA), an '!raqf Baha'i pioneer ~eaching Araoio, > and a Persian Bahi•f pione9r who taught Persia.~ at the University of Helsinki > for a number of yeare •nd ia still a member of the Orientalist Society in > Finl•nd (Dr. Habib'u'llab Zabihien, see report). Fiul•nd .ia the home of a > number of world-famous Orientaliete because the Finne have no prejudicea a- > gainet Middle 2Atstern cu1tmee and people. According to hia father, M:-. Mo- > zat~ Namdar, Kami (aa he PE"!..f•r• to be called} .mowa a great deal abou~ Ba- > hi.' i literature, Qur•in, lJadith and other Iali"mio subjects. Unfort11n•tely > tor me, Kami left shortly after I arrived, so I waa unable to quiz a im on > these matters. Kami ia int e:eeeted in Rabi' I scholarship •nd baa a number > of scholarly t.riene1.11, but r.e is not hi•••lf engaged in researoh related to > Bil>I or Rabi'{ etudiea. We did not speak of •n European A.seociation for Ba- > b&•! Studie• or of an En,~Y~lopedia Bah~•.f, but I d•re~ that Kami would be _ > in support of both if ha thought they could reach more people vi.th the Bahi'i > meaeage. > V. FilnAND > > 3)Mozafar Namdar Languages: Persian, Russian, > English, Finnish, Swedish > Degrees: B.A. in Engineering, > University of Moscow > > Interview: Mr. Mozafar Namdar and I met on tvo separate occasiona, the > first soon after rrry arrival in Helsinki, and the second a couple of days .. > later. My notes follow no particular pattern--! will cite them as they > stand. Mr. Mozatu gave me a copy of Jan Jaaion's December 19?7 li.at of > - > 'Articles on the Bahi'i Faith Originating from Ruesia and Eastern Europe > found in the libraries of Hel.ainki Univerity,• another copy ot which waa > given me by Mr. Harri Peltola. Mr. Namdar showed me some books and arti- > cles not listed in this summary, and which may not be in the above-men- > tioned libraries, as they have been recently published in the u.s.s.R., > and he obtained them during his frequent business trips to Leningrad. Mr. > Namdar, who reads Russian nuently, having spent hia childhood first in > Ishqabad and later in Moacow, said that the Russian scholars who have > - > studied the Bahi'i - Faith often quote quite inaccurate information, based > upon_the diplomatic reports of Russian consuls and ambassadors in Tjhran, > Tabriz and other Ir•nian cities, and that these documents are, most of > them, kept in Moscow and not in Leningrad as he haa previously suspected, > this being th• Imperial Seat of the Czar fro• Peter the Great until the > assassination of Nicholas Romanov and his family in 1917. Mr. Namdar > clearly stated that he does not regard himself, nor c•n he be regarded aa > a Babi't scholar, but that he collects literature on Bab4 1 Ie and by Ba- > .. > bi.1fa in Russian and that he would be willing to me.ke a fev translations > from Russian into English from time to time. In Hoacow, he and his broth- > er Faia 1 u 1 1J.•h Namdar (who lives in Switzerland, see report) were trienda > of the Kazemzadeh family and particularly of Firuz Kazemzadeh, now a mem- > ber of the NSA of the United States and professor of history at Yale Uni- > vers ty. Mr. Namdar recalls that as a boy Dr. Kazemzadeh waa a tine poet > in the Russian tongue, that h• composed long and beautiful poems, and that > he al110 played th• violin. Faiz'u'llah Namdar also played an imstrument, > but Mou.far listened, just listened. He muses that both of these talented > boys could have become musiciana, and that Firuz could have made a mark as > a poet, but each has chosen his respective career and Dr. Kazemzade.h ha• > become an historian, an academic and a leader, while Faiz'u'llah is an en- > gineer and a leader (and the same could be said for hia brother Mozatar, > who is a member of the NSA of Finland). Mr. áMozatar Namdar studied the > Bahi•I Faith in the ~ihran municipal library, the first time with no in- > terference but the seco~d time one month before the Isliimic revolution in > 19'79 •nd at that time the librarians were suspicious of him and would not > give him free rein. In any case, he did not find many books on the Behi 1 i - > Faith there. He va.a for years a real film buff, while he lived in Abadan > working for the oil industry he sav a new film every tvo ~a. Since mov- > ing to Finland some twenty years ago he has seen only three filma, but he > does watch alot of television and ia aurprized that he doesn't have equarea > around hia eyeal I can not convey thia man's wonderful, warm humor ••• sut- > fice it to say that I have not yet met a Bah&•i brought up in Ru.asia who > lacked a hearty sense of -the ridiculoua. Mozafar, Faiz 'u 1 llah and Firus > all share this attribute--ia it a Russian Bahi'i coruspiracy, to keep ua > laughing? He paraphrased Shoghi Ef!endi in ~ing that th• Guardian sent > Persians p!oneering tor their ovn sake, not !or the sake of the Bah.i 1 i > Faiths in Irin one learns of the depth of thia Faith, but onl.y in pioneer- > ing can the Persian learn of its universality, understand ita breadth, ita > expanee, its reach. Mr. Namdar mentioned Erik Bltunentb•l ' (see report under > V. FINLAND > > 3 )t.fcza.far Namda;- > > Interview: > Germany), said t r:.at he is a gra:p::ologi st, and the le.a .!ing Eure ?ean Ad1er- > ia:i psychologist, á- ith offices in b c>th .Svi tzer Land a .:... :. Germar.--. Ii~ , /áf,u i- > d~ _.. has great admiration for the Ger man capacity for work. Ci ':::1;: Mr. > B:...m:enthal as an example of thia capacity, Mr. Namdar remarked t i-ta+á }~.e h is > been a member of the Continental Board of Counsellors since its e~~abliah~ > ment, .: i practicing ..\:ilerian psychologist, an author, and President of the > Association o1 Indivijual Psych~logiats in Europe for many years. > What follows ia a full list of the bov ,.: 3 and articles Mr. Namdar recommend- > ed to ar1 attention, u a bibliographer and a.s a scholar ot Baoi and Bahi' I > bistor.. and doctrine: > Isabell.a Grinevskaya, Bab, St. Petersbur.; , n.d. > w. rPuHt::e~ Ka~ , ~; 1'J: 1 , ~\)( J 'J ~. , > a Garman-language translation ot which was made y Dr. A. Ah.me ";adeh as > 'Babi und Bah.i'l in der rusaischen Literat~•, an unpublished manuscript > 19 pages in length. which Mr. Kan:.t iz Pooatchi copied for me (sae ~ep,~ :át un- > der Austria). > William McElwee I.filler, ''What is the Baha•I World .Faith?'' Incite . vol . 2, > no. 3, December 1975. > Atrapet, Babism and Ea.:á.aism 9 Titli.8. 1910. > Berisofski, §abism, Tifiis, 1909. ( ;..,-.~). á.kKiMi... ~' PA-4 a!t Ter:ir'b: ) > Marshall Leon, ,': 'he StQ,rY pt ~unan fy cr;::::::a. > A.Q.Nia.g Sufi, The, Ba"t?,~e and .~~~AflE?..~ Re~ l. . ;. gipn, Ahmacli17ih Muslim ?oreign > Mission, w. Pakistan, 1 á?66. > > w. i union, Verlag Herder, 1963. . > Kl...]lDSki j, ;s.t,,ori ja_ !Bl~~á ( Geechichte des Islams) , Bd. III , Moskau 1912, > s. 17 ft. > L.Klimo~i~, a.a.o., s. 1lto. > Kleine_.~ c>vjanzykl!lJ>!.die, 1. Aun., Bd. !, Moskau 193"l. s. 95. > B. Kandidov, Cerkov i a;piona~ (~irche ~md spion!gf!_)t .. oakau 1935, s. ~. > 9r.os~e S owje~&k,lopa4i~, 2. Aun., Moskau 19501 Bd. V, s. 89. > Abu 1 l-Fa41 Gu1pa.ygani, Kiti.'b al.-Fara' i -i. > R. Mehrabkhaneh, biograpey of Abu' 1-Fa9J_ Gulpayganf. > Mr. Nandar recommended that Baha'i scholars study th.e developnent of thia > Faith, to see who assisted the 3aha 1 Ia end who ignored or attacked them; > that a group of Bahi.1 1 schol.ara try to locate and atu~ the diploma.tic > correspondence of the Russian I=:perial governmen~ related to the Bibia > and Bahi•{a, most of which i.8 kept in Moscow according to hia careful peru- > sal ot recently-published Russian texts thiok with. tootnotee. ae mentioned > R• .Mer.rabkbaneh in Spain and Shosthi Gru,dimi in Belgium, and that the lat- > ter gentleman is from Ishqabid and hae translated Nibil's Narrative ( Dawn- > Breakere) from English into Russian. He recommended that I ' interview > Dr. i{abib'u'llah Zabihian (see report) and also Measra. Alizat, Izadi > B!ld Mehra' in, the first and third residents of Tu.rku and the second of Oo- > 1.i, in 'S'in.land. All three. of these gentlemen are I.shqabadi Ba hi• fa and > have rich memori es of their residence i~ Russia, memories which have not > yet been recorded. Mr. Namdar a.eked me to go to Turiru and Oolu to inter- > view these three and I had to decline at that ti.me dUJt to commitments in > Osle, but promised to do my best to return \fl.thin a year or two. &. Nam- > dar mentioned that Dr. Kazemza.d~h he.a a copy of a compilation of Bah2.'u'- > 11ah'a writings translated into Russian by Aleksandr , including > .t he Kitib al-Aqda,a and the Ishraqat. > V. FINLAND > > 3)Mozafar Namdar > árnterviev: > Mr. Namdar has •n interesting collect.: ::11 ot books aM artiolea l.D Russian, > Eilglisht Persian •nd Arabic, and h• g~ve me a three page list áof what h.• > h•• in Rusei.e.:i, a one page list of English, German and French, aa well u > citing in con~rersation ( pre~1~oual1 rec~rded) aome of thl) booka he baa cop.. > iea of (not all of those listed). One of th• most interesting documeate á > . ia the PQrcion of a r:eoent publication entitled O:Jer,K~. . , ttoBqM .~'Da~ > HPAllA. (>C~g--:.:!Ma.aa..ia.,.aa) u3~ATaA1>treo c-WA'lr ápp. ?1-100 aad notes pp. 110-21, altogether 23 pages in photocopy (812'' z > 15'1) , a very detailed :108l':''1ie ot '' AHT.tttto.AJ,JbJiot r á~A1CttelJfO,:-l!O,!k1DJ­ > .'fCG~JC.1i8tf),YHf 61'11'1.~ áá '"r"le lieta and the article are all available > in !-á .atocopy.. > llr• NA?ndar and I did not di~cusa an European Bic1i. 1 I Studies Association > ,or._ an ~g.cyol~-oedia Bahi 1 f. I am sure he vould !iaten to both proposals > witsJi,!,good,_ . hur:iour and lighten '1113 heart vith encc1.iragement ••• enoouragement > not tc.> take r~.T dreams too tezTibl.y seriously. > V. FINLAND > > i.)Harri Peltola Langtzagee1 Finnian, Swedish, > - Engliah > Degreeei licentiate in socioloa > and comparative religion, Universi- > ty ot Helsinki; topic: 'HiBtory of > the Babi'i Faith in Finland' > Interviews . Mr. Peltola and I spent several hours together talking, al- > though, u with so man1 other of the Bahi•Is I interviewed, it teals as á á > á if we have knrndl each other and intimately for years. Mr. Peltola majors > .iJl Sociolog •nd Comparative Religion at the University of Helainki but > ia .tocwsing mainly on Sociology because he bas little opportunity to teach > at th• university 1evel in Comparative Religion i.J1 Finland while there are > more opportunities in Sociology. In Finland, Comparative Religion ia a > genera1 program compriaing courses in psychology, phenomenology, sociology, > anthropology• history •"d sometimes philosop~ ot religion. Related to > thia field are Oriental studies, the theological study of comparative reli- > gion, .. and .folk1oreááoral tradition-ethnology. He has now completed a thes- > á.~ áon 1:be-: Baba~ i Faith, the first general introduction á written in the Fin- > ni sh language, with some sociological. analysis therein, for hie diploma. > J'or hia licentiate de~•• he will writ• an hiatGl") of the Finniah Baha'i > comunit7 9 also a tirat. He gave me copies of Markku Tuomi and Peggy Trot- > to•s ~KanaaJliaen Kirjaston Sis8llya (sharaf 13?) •, 6 pages long, list 9f > Sabi' !~related literature in the FBA; and ot his 'Bibliography of Bah&' i Lit- > erature. Published in Finland. as ot 15th March 1977', 6 pages long, both of > vhiqh I will iDolude in my bibliography and wh1oh I will make available to > anyone who requ•ata. I have also prepared a supplement to the first list, > tvo pages .ill leJlgth. and this ia also ~vailable. Mr. Peltola urged IM to > oontact Dr.. Habib' u 1 llah Zabibian and David Bergen, serving •• m:a1nbere áot th• > I • •• • • • • • • •- • • • • • • • > > BSA of Finl•nclregarding research, indicating that th97 would be interest- > -- > tdá in hearing of the -work of Baha'i schol•ra outaida of Finland.. In e11a.mer > qt á1980 Mr. Peltola compiled a bibliography for the comparative etu~ ot > religion. librery of the University of Helsinki •• a funded research pro- > ject Oil ''new Nligiona 11 • He showed me ~he oarda tor tbi • bibliography and > I ••de a li.at of •11 th• á ~ái-related . entries. I have thie bibliograp!Q" > alao. He mentioned- th&t na,.1d Sim1nons (see report) baa done some reeearch > ia_áthe.:Slav.onio. Collection of the University of Helainki Library (eee re- > ápo%'°t1áon: thia Colleo-tion). Aa a matter of interest, h• noted that hie pro- > _teaaor in .eooiologr at the Univer1111t,. of Helsinki, Dr. Arne Koakin•n ia > studying the philology ot the Tuvalu Island lang11age and that this Island > .á. (perhaps one of the Gilbert_and Ellia Ialand.e he conjectured) ha• the á > bighen percent~ of Bah81 i residents in th• world. about 10%. He men- > tioned that Rlfi Oja, daughter of a member of th• NSA of Finland is col- > leoting article• in Finnieh language on the B•hi'l ?aith and that ahe > might be able to be of acme aasiatanoe to me. Mr. Peltola.' told • that > th• firat translation into Finnish of Baha'u'llah and the Nev Era ll&8 made > 'b7 an 11nidentitied á1!heoaophiat and published in Helsinki by Myatica, a > !heoeophica1 px eaa, in. 19"0. When we di.ecu.saed 1113 historical interest in > th• 1tar 1844, he atated that the tirat Finnish langt1~ n~paper was > pibli•bed in 1844 bJ Snellmann and thAt it was probably c•lled Pi.ivamiea. > 11• aPoke of a novel. entitled Sqm Tu.sen Lil:lor, in Svediab, vritten by > Valdemar H;y1'•n (paeudoeym?) and published in 19"- vith reprints in 1944 > end 1945,. whereof 18,000 oopiea were sold, mostly in SvedeJl, written by > á a Lutheran mini•t•r liYing OJl an ial•nd situated between Finland. and Rua- > •ia1 ona of tn. ob.aractera in this novel ia a Bibi named Mustafa > • > Ramagbin, > á em exile trca Aserbqjan to Finland in 1854 at the decree of the Ruaaian > - > Im:perial gover1J11ent 1 vho iii represented ae a Mualim 'alim, •nd his reli- > V. FINLAND 70 > > 4)Harri Peltola > > Interviewt > gion, Bihism, as a major sect of Islim with revolutionary teachings, and > its leader, the Bib, a Manifestation of God. A number of Fi'Onisb Baha•la > have wondered whether or not this book is based upon specific hiatorical > incidences... All editions of the Finnish encyclopedias mentioned the .ea- > bia and Bahi1 is, from the 19th century to 1940 and the beginning of World. > War II; this is also true of all universal histories and geographies iD > Finnish. For some reaaon after 1940 such citations have been few and far > between. Mr. Peltola haa cardaáwith Babi•i-relat$d entriea for the Reli- > _gi,on !ndU:, #1 of the American Association of Theological Libraries, and > he recormnended the Sci.a.nee C?,.f... ~eligi~n A..1?str~g,~.£!,-~nd Index ot Recen;t••Ar- > ticles, published by the Institute tor the Study of Religion, Free Univer- > sity, A.msterdam, Netherland.a and the Theological Faculty 9 University of > Kent, United_Kingdom, aa the beet bibliography of recent academic articles > on the Bahi' i Faith. Mr. Peltola baa written an article on the Baba' f > Faitjl in Finland which will soon be published in a book on ••nev religion.a'' > by Ibo Akademi, an ac!_demic publisher. Over the years he baa translated > a great deal of Baha'i literature from English into Finnish, and hence > there ia a large body of translated literature available to the Finnish > populace. Unfortunately, there do not seem to be ma.tcy" readers yet. He > knows of a friend of Mark Tobey (recently deceased Babi.•i and world-renown- > ed painter) who lives in Finland and has some paintings by Tobey--he otter- > ed to introduce me to this individual but I did not st~ long enough in Fin- > land to meet him. He says that freelance joilrnali.sts have written articles > on the Faith in Finland several times in recent years and that they are ge- > nerally sympathetic although not to the point of endorsement. After all, > it, .is foreign.~-not so? áá . > > - Stud- > Mr. Peltola and I did not diecuaa the formation ot an European Baha'i - > iea Assooiat!on, nor did we discuaa the Canadian As~ociat;on for the Stu~ > ot the Baha'i Faith, nov called the Association tor B~'i Studiea , nor > did we discuae the compila.tion of au Ency1clOP.z&~ia ~ái. Mr. Peltola ia > moat interested ia taking part in Babi.•t=studiea seminars and he baa at- > tended one of theee at the University of T.ancaater and hopes to continue > to participate in the future. > > Papers: - > 'The Babi'i Faith-An Introduction', in Finnish, theaia, 1981. > 'The Babi 1 l Faith iu Finl•nd--an HiatoX"J"', in Firmiah, licentiate > thesis. 1982 (?). > 'Bibliography on Nev Religions•, Comparative Religion Library, > University of Helsinki, summer 1980 ('l). > - > 'A Bibliography of Baha'i Literature Published in Finland aa of > 15th March 1977' 1 March 197?. > Publicationai Article on Bahi•I Faith in Finland for Ibo Akademi book on > ''nev :religiona''• (see publisher or Mr. Peltola) > Editor and translator or writer of all articles in Maailmankan- > salainen (World Citizen). a Finnish Bah&•I mega.sine, fall 1975, > s11111aer 1976, vfuter 19771 dates of subsequent issues 11nk»own to > me. > Translator at a great deal of the Bahi•i literature now available > in Firmieh--none of it identified aa iesuing from bis capable ~n, > print•d or mimeographed. > V. Fil'ILAND > > 5)Dr. Habib 1 u•11.m Zabihian Languages: Persian, ~.rabic, > English. Finnish, EGperan~o, > Gr du > Degrees: M. D. > > Interview: I •.t1as privileged to meet Dr. Zabihian and to recei~;e t~-10 > lettera from him clarifying his in~olvement in .Bahi'f studies and impro7- > ing upon the snort rep\.~t I made ot our conversation. Dr. Zabihian is > a student á of the BahA'i Faith in its Arabic and Per~ian sources, has lect- > ured in Europe on a number of topie8 selected directly !rom the original > texts, and baa taught Persian language end literature at the Un1.-1ersity of > - > Helsinki tor fourteen years; he is eager to see the vork of Bahl:'i schol- > ars receive more attenti.on in Euro-pa and in Finland in particular. A.s a > member of the ?~SA of Finland ha pointed out that in Finland all Baha'i - > activities :nu.st be approved by the NSA--this is the law ot the land, not > just of the 3ahi 1 [ community. Hence, an association for Ba.h.i 1 I stadias > in Finland wo;tl.d have to be á organized by or with. the explicit approval ot > the NSA of t~t country, and all of its activi~iea would be supervised by > the NSA, aa only the N~A could be legally responsible for its actions. > When asked reg-u-ding the com?ilation of a Bah&'{ Encyclopedia, Dr. Zabihian > replied in a letter dated 5/4/81 that > ''It will be a great encouragement it the work ot the Baha' 1 Encyclope- > dia could etart, and I shall be glad to assist with its development when- > ever possible. After careful estimations and preparations the Universal > House of Juatioe may give permission to start the work ••• Then the research > department o! the House ot Justice among others can provide :~any docu- > ments and requi-::-_e d materials, besides that the Baha'i A.v. Centre may > provide with ScJle of the required pictures as well.'' > > Papers: 'Analysis of the lite after death', n.d. > 'Spiritual worlds', n.d. > 'The destiny at man', n.d. > 'Significance ot Qur'in', n.~. > 'Significance of the Kitab-i-I~an 1 9 n.d. > 'Significance of tt~ Kitab-i-Aqdas•, n.d. > 'Significance of the Mill and T~stament of 'Abdu'l-Bahi', n.d. > 'Significance of the Hidden ~oras', n.d. > 'Significance of the 19 Day ~~ae~•. n.d. > 'Oneness of the Holy Famili~s ~uJ. > 'B1ind educators•, n.d. > 'The Writings of Bah&'u'llah'~ n.d. > Talka: About medical ca.re, on radio Ln U ~umiyyih, 1958-59. > Publication.a: ''Physiology and metabolism of the Brucella.e bacilli,•• > Faculty of ?1edicine~ Shiraz University, 1957. > Work in progress: Ma.jmu'.ah-i-Asar., 136 B.E., 300+pp., looking for pub. > Calligraphy of the Pers~an Hidden Words (just received > from the book-binders) > v. FINLAND > > 6)David Simona lianguageai English; French, Fin- > nish, some Swedish, some Rwssian > Degrees: B.A. in Ethnomwsioology; > Teacher's Certitioation in Social > Studies Education > Interview: Mr. SimmoW!J and I have exchanged several letters and we > spent the better part of a week delignttully together in Paris and Gou.r- > ville and Cbartrea and in-between, the laat week of June 1981. I in- > vited hia •long vith some thirty 0th.er Bah&•I ac~olara to Gourville, a > village outside of Paris, for a week-long conference on "the political > econom:f of the Balii.•I Faithl' and Mr .. Simmons ia the only scholar who > showed up. So ve sat around and read a number ot article• and talked, > and then vent for va1ka to nearby castles and hitches to nearby cathedrals, > and altogether I have hardly ever spent such a stretch in earthJ.1 paradise. > Kr., Simon.a ia a teacher ot Engliah in the Language Center ot Lappeeara.nta > Uni.Yerait7 ot Techno1ogy, •nd one of hi.A numeroua academio/intellect1ml in- > ter•ata ia:- in the . ''growth of the Behi'i Faith'' and everything to do vith > his religion. He h•a repeat•dly ineiat•d to m• that he ia ''not doing > any reaea.roh of my own. I aa presently only helping Jan Jaaion and I > haye ci.ff•red sr aervioea to th• Canadian Association tor Studies on the > Behi' i Faith. •• I am more interested in actively' teaching the Faith and > helping other researchera th•n doing •nythi.ng .rqaelt. I do read alot > though,, eapecially intormtiv• anthropological-like works on varioua peo- > plea.•• He ha• •l•o b••n aaa:iating •• in 1111 reeearoh sino• March ot 1981, > auppl.p.ng m vith addreuee of people I wanted tC:"t contact. vith informa- > tion . about eTenta which transpired in 1844 and with photooopiea ot a num- > - > ber of aourc•• on the Baha'i - vieva of political econo~, •nd I am gratetul. > for everything. Mr. Simmone ia alao interested in Georgian history (not > the atate, the nation), iJl Jevieh hiJ!ltory, in Northwest Coast Indi•n• > (that'• the Horthw•at Co.at of th• United State•), •nd in ht•man behaviour. > Far mor• intorm•tion on th• Gourrille Su•1it Sff report ill France1 á apd á > for d•tail• oa Jan Jaaion'• vork, ••• report in the thdted Kingdom. Mr. > Si«naone i• very good at vbat Kr. Harald Thii• would call ••networking''. > In. bi• MCond álett•r to• he sent m• the title• of a á number of book• I > waa seeking . . well aa th• nam•• and addressee ot several individ11ale > . vb.om I contacted_upon my return to th• United Stat••• For information > on Ruesi•o Bahi'i ~iatory he_>etered me ~o á article• by A.A. L•• and A.K. > Gbadiriaa i:n !JapA;'i s~~diesJ'!tude• Baba'~. Yol. 5, Janu&J•y 19791 011 L:ydia > Za•enhof and Bahi 1 fii in Pol.and he retered u to the RSA of G.rman.YI :for > - > . > Raui•n litc-ature on the B•b'i'i Faith, aa well •e giving me a cow ot > Jaa Jasion'a bibliogra~ of th• oontenta of the Sla-.onio Collectioná at > th• UniYeraity ot Helainki Library (eee report) he mentioned that Dr. > J'irua Kar.eradeh h•• also done aome research ill this librar.r áand that > hi• bro!her K•aem K•zemzadeh, a r•eident ot Hamburg, Gerraa~, ha• vrittea > a Bahi' 1 puphlet in RWi•n1 for information á on 18'1'4 in Buddhin he r•- > fered me to Jem•hed lo•dar, 'l'h• God ot Buddha• end B~ddpa Maitr!'!,:-Aplit- > abha .Ba!' Appu!t;•d1 for reference• to 1841t and áto Americ•n Indiana he re• > cownded that I react ~~iou ,o,t .~h•. Rainbow, ~~ Goame}.. of. th•. Redma~, > áá Four Re1!!9r,k•bl,!t .In.d..~~n Propl1eciea publiahed_by Naturegraph Preaa !ii Cali- > torni •i -and interview Native áAaericn B•be' ia Phil Lucas ( Ie11aq11ah, Vaeb• > ingtoaJ 1 Blu Kopd91' (Al•aka), Phil Tau (Alberta, C.nada) •nd Fruklia > Kahn (-ber of the RSA of the U.S.A.), oontaot Christopher Buck (now of > Jlaneau, Alaaka) regarding Zoro•etri•n •nd Altaio propheci••f oont.ot Burl > Barer (Wall• W•lla, W••hiqton) oii pro~eoi••• other intorm•tion on Judaia. > Mr. S i"'IOD• ia nppartive of both B•hi"' f atudi•• and encyclopedic scheme•, > i f th97 go through tu right cbano•la and Hrve the int•r••t• ot Báhi'fa. > V. FINLA:~D > > 7)I!elsingin Yli~pis-::Jn Kir jasto > hel.singfors '(.:iiversi tetsb ib liotek > Unioninkatu/linionsgacan 36 > 00170 Helsinki;1Ielaingfors 17 > > nere is one of the locations of the U:: ~ •1ersity \.~ Helsi:r:...~i Library, > and at this locatic~ I found a lor...g list of titles i~1 German, English > and Finnish and a couple i3 Swedish, ~ll of them translations of ~orks > by Bahi'u'llah, 'Aodu'l-Bahi or Shogni Sffendi from Englis~. In addi- > tion to this there á,o1ere also copies of a number of becks listed on my > bibliography, such as of Hermann Vambery, ~-!e~pe .W~3.Ilderungen llD;,c;, ~l~!>­ > nisse in Pers::en ••• , and Dr. Ignaz Goldziher, ;/or.led.uni.se1!_ uber cten _Is,:: > lam ; a.r.d art~clas :.n Estonian, Hungarian, ~tL"!:.mian, Lith1.la11ian and > German encyelopedi:...a and lexicons. T'.-:is list ~ill be incorporated in- > to my bibliography and is also available in photocopy. The University > of Ilelsinki Library has a '-tumber of locations, this being t~e central > library. I was able to vi3it only two of the libraries in the system, > the HYK and SC, and from the card catalogue ot the ~aculty ot Compara- > tive Religion, Univeraitv of Helsinki, which I went through on 23/2/81, > I know ttl&t there are a n..'"1!r.ber of other s1gnifica;:.t collection.a, both > in the University system anc outside of it including what Finnish schol- > ars speak ot (in their abbreviated forms) as HY-Paak; TT.{K; SKS; Steiner > bibl.1 HY Utj.(varasto)--Ut-70 tesasem.-mappi.; Uskontot. laitoskirjas- > to. Liihdeteokset. > > 8)Slavonic Collection > University of Helsinki Library > Neid.aydpolku 1-B > 00140 Helsinki 14 > - > Several of the European Baha'i scholars have represented this collect- > ion as the largest of its kind outside ot the u.s.s.R.: I've been told > that it baa more literature in Russian langua~ pre-dating the 1917 re- > volution than a:n.y- other library outside of Russia itself. Be that as it > may, it bas an i~pressive selection of literature in Russian and Bulgar- > iaD, Polish,t-: much of which baa been listed by Jan Jaaion in his 'Articles on the Bah&'i > Faith Originating from Russia and Eastern Europe found in the Libraries > of Helsinki. University', dated December 1977, and, to my knowledge, not > up-dated or revised since then. I spent a few hours in this ex~rao~di­ > m.ry colleotion, and although I can just make out eno1-igh Russian to be > able to compile a bibliography including literature in this la.:igu.age, I > was not able to wcrk qaickly enough to determine th& apecifiQ locaticn of > •ll of the articles mentioned by Jan Jasion in his list. Nevertheless, > I vaa able to trace moat of these, and all will be included in my biblio- > graphy, with or without call !l~..:.mbers and letters. I .:::an not ~.. eco:::rn~.-:d > this collection too highly, !or the use of any student of _Russian ur > 'Eae~ern European topics, and for the student ~f the Baha'i Faith who is > fluent in the Russian or some other Slavonic language. As with the dYK, > here 'red tape• is ot no conseque~~e--it is as i ! the librarians can > read th'} facee ot lecto:-s, and Sál they have come to trust 1.ll sc.::io1ts > stude1:ts who enter these balls of learning, ;""1ese depoe:..;:oriea of kr, .,_ > ledge and wisdom. > V. FINLAND > > 9)Kansallisen Kirjaston Sisillys > - > Finnish Baha'i Library > > As mentioned in V.~), Markku Tuomi and Peggy Trotto made a list of > the books and pamplets in FBL, organized according to whether they are > translations of works by 1.Bahi'u'lla.h; 2.Bib; 3.Muut pyhat kirjat; 4-. > •Abdu'l-Baha; 5.Kokooma.teokset; 6.Shoghi Effendi; ?.Pybiissa maaasa asu- > vien Uskon kiaien kokoama; 8.Yleismaail.mallinen oikeu.aneuvosto; 9.Muut > baha'i-kirjat. This list i8 dated sharaf 137 B.E., and is 6 pages in > length. While staying at the Ha.ziratu'l...Quds in Helsinki I compiled a > supplementary list, two pages long, which includes some of the books > and periodicals not represented in the Tuomi/rrotto effort. What is > remarkable and eminently useful in this collection of Bahi•i literature > - > is the large selection ot Finnish Bahi'i literattll"e, and ot Persian Ba- > ha'i periodicals. There are al.so a few titles in English which I have > not seen in any other library anywhere& they may not be unique copies, > but they are certainly rare. Both bibliographies will be carefully _ > compared and inserted into my bibliography of §hay!W-I, Babl and Bahcl' i > related literature. According to Harri Peltola's 'Bibliography' dated > March 15, 1'1n, the FBI, haa copies of a very large number of works in > Finnish, some in Lapp, Estonian, Komi and Mordvin (Erza), all published > in Finland u~der the auspices of the NSA. The NSA kindly gave me tree > rein as regards use o~ the FBL, and this I appreciate most warmly. Un- > fortunately I had only enough time to make an incomplete list ot ite > cont enta. > ?5 > > 1)Sven Hards Languages: Swedish, English, > German > Degrees: ur_tmown > > ~nterview: Baha'i friende in De~ark and Norway recommendeJ me to vi- > sit Mr. ~aria and stay in his home i~ e~teborg. Mr. Marda kindly welcomed > for two visits of a few days each, ana on b~th occasions we were able to > talk of many ~opica and without interrupt.~on for several hours, l~te i~to > the night. Mr. Hards was Secretary of the NSA ot Sweden !or many years, and > h.aa lived and worked in Goteborg f ~..,r his entire .,_ife. He spoke at > length on SYerre H~lmsan, the Swedish explorer and .::-.op1lar author (he has > written books on the South Pacific is_and.a l•::icb are r~garded by some au- _ > thorities a.a th• beat in the field, regardless i ) f -la.r:.guage) who is a .Baha'i > poet and author, De U vl sta Horisdnterna. Baha'i- en lobalen evana reli~ > gi?l!• 1969, beir~ his beat known work of__thia ~~nre. Mr. ~ái ds showed me > F~o~ographs of a number ot Swedish Bahi.'is, including tour professional mu- > s~cinns. We talked about Louise Erickson, longtime resident of Gotebcrg > ~"'11.i one ot the first Swedish Bahi•{s. Mr. Marcia re.fered me to Paul Stolpe > !or details of her lite. (See report on Mr. Stolpe, Sveden.) Mrs. Erick- > son's bookd and papers are kept in Stockholm at tne Haziratu'l-QuW!t in > the home of Mr. Mards and in the home of oMr. Djazayeri in Goteborg. I look- > ed through the papers and books in Mr. Mards' home and recommended that > this rather rare collection be adequately cared tor by the LSA a! Goteborg > or the NSA of Sweden. Mr. Mards told me that Louise Erickson told the King > - > of Sweden about the Babat i Faith in 19 t ion is Vie~s of Akk~, H~ifa, Mt. Carmel and Ot.t;..,er Pl~ces, á Behais Supply > and Publications Board of Chicago, n.d. iU-. Miirds has collected rnany > tiles of papers related to the Baha•i history o! S .,eden, all of which are > ot historical value and requiring of careful preservation and protection. > ?áIr. :-t&rd.s became a Baha'i in 1957, eix months betore the passing of Shos hi > Effendi, and since then he hae been a resident of Geteoorg. He mectioned > a r~cent conference held in Innsbruck, Austria on the subject of lite be- > yond the grave, during which a number of authorities on the subject con- > tributed their data and insights, including Dr• Andreas Resch, Dr. Carlos > Osis (American Society for Psychical Research), Stefan Jankovitch (Swisa > architect), and Dr. Hans Strotzka (Viennese ;:sychologist). Mr. M8rds > showed me a number of ~ery interesting publications on the Baha'i Faith > and on other topics of interest to me, and I made pno~ocopiea of some o! > these, ir..cl:Jcling the following: p. 209, ''Full Circle~'' The False ~essiahs; > PP• 44=45, ''Ba.haism, '' ~ncyclopediet:. Ame.r.ic~; pp. 330-39, 923, '"11Ba.bism', ,r > ''Ba.hi' i Faith,'' by Horace ilolley, Enci~. .lope_~ia B~.itt,?;nica; 1 á3even rleasona > why a Scientist Believes in God,'' December 1974', Re~á.:.er • s p_i~eet; 1:yped > English translation by Mr. MArd.s á ot pp. 154-56, Nathan Sode"!:"blum, Fram- > ma.nde Reli5ions~kundei:, 190?-o8, on the Ba.bis and Baha•ie. Also in > hie library is ''Episodes in the Li!e of Moneereh Kbanum'' al d~ with a des- > cription of the ''t4emorial Services of Abdu'l-Baha on Mt. r'!ll.ill~ l'', n.d., > n.a •• n.p. He recalle~ that Mr. and Mrs. Holbach found cne signature of > ~hornton Chase in t:ie guest book at the German Roman Catholic Hcspice, > this Church having been founded in 1844. Regarding the papers ot Louise > Erickson at Mr. Hards house, I have discerned five distinct catagorieai > 1. letters ana q~otes from Shoghi Effendi; 2. letters and miacellane0ua > notes and Baha'i notes; 3. translations of Babi'f literature into Swed- > _ish; 4-. literature in English tran.ela.tion written by Bahi'u'llah anc. Ab- 1 > > dul-Bahi.; 5. literature published by Bar.&• is. I admit that thia ie not > VI. SWEDEN > > 1)Sven Marcia > > Interview: > particularly uaetul intormation but it may give some idea ot the áwide selec- > á- > tion and value ot this collection's contents for Bahi'i scholars. particular- > ly of Scandinavian Bahái' i history. We also talked some about natural healing > and the science of nutrition, aa l"r. Hards has made this field one ot his > subjects tor study, mostly in Swedish sources. He would appreciate making á > contacts with other individuals anywhere in the world engaged in such study. > He has also compiled a- complete - > collection ot all articles related to the > persecutions of Ba.h&'ia !n Iran in Swedish newspapers since the return of the > Ayat'u'llah Khomeini to Iri'n in 1979, and he intend8 to organize his cutting.s > at some time in the future in hopes that they may be usetul to future histor- > ians ot these events. Regarding Shoghi Effendi 1 s tripe to Switzerland, he > showed me photograph.a of the Jungfrau where the Guardian hiked, a.nd stated > that Sfioghi Effendi walked 42 kilometers in one day, and that hi• favorite > hiking spot was around Interlaken. He mentioned that Nathan Soderblum wrote > a History of the World, and that there is an article therein on the martyr- > dom of the Bab. And he recalled a talk given by Mr. Philip Hainsvorth, > longtime member of the NSA of the United Kingdom, at a summer school in Eng- > land, on the Lesser and Greater Peace, and he recalls that Mr. Hainsworth > quoted Marion Hof'.l!l•n'a pilgrim's notea (from Shoghi Effendi) to the effect > that the Lesser Peace would be established in 2125 A.O., and the Greater > Peace around 2800 A.D. He ia not sure of these dates but passed on hia recol- > lectione as I indicated interest in the prophetic datinga attributed to the > -- > Central Figures of the Baha•i Faith. We also talked of Frederika Bremer, a > Swedish author and feminist, founder of the Fwrbundet women's movement in > Sweden, and about an article she wrote from New York city in 185'•--he offer- > ed to send me information about her and her oeuvre. Mr. Mlrds bas a copy of > - > a sketch ot the Bab and Hia disciple, Mtiti,ammad 'Ali after their execution in > the marketplace of 1abriz on July 9, 1850, made by or at the order of the > Russian consul who was an eye-witness to the event. He also pointed out that > early editione of Bahi'u'llah and the New Era, in English and in German and > Swedish translations, citing pp. 302-303 of the 1946 German edition, explain > the 1335 days prophecy of Daniel as fulfilled in 195? with. the ushering in > of the age of universal peace, universal language and oneness of mankind. > Mr. Mards affirmed that the original text and subsequent translations there- > from were approved tor publication by the Guardian and by the various nation- > al administrative bodies of the Baha'i Faith. (For interpretation of this > passage. quoted from the writings or sayings of '~bdu'l-Bahi.., eee report on > Husayn Avaregan, Italy.) In a letter dated 4/12/81, ?.fr. M°arda wrote: 11! > also found a couple of pages from a book ~.ntnipgs,.tid i O.ri~~tep, by a Swed- > ish suffragette, Hanna Rydh, printed in 1952. The title in English might be > The Transition Period of the Orient. This part describes the Persian femin- > ist, fahirih, her life and tragic departure, in roughlf }400 words. A good > part seems to have been recited from Journal !°' .siatiqu!,, 1860.'' He aleo men- > tioned ''A book about prophecies that I was given by a Christian girl I also > think is worth looking into: J2aniel' a -~-oRheci.es of t.h~ ?0th Weeki, Dr. Alva > McMaclain, Zondervan Publishing House, Grand Rapid8, Michigan, U.S.A. Among > other things it mentioned the ''gap-theory'' which wa.a new_ to me.'' > Mr. Mard.s and I did not diec~a either an European Bah.i'i Studies Associat- > ion or an Encyclopedia Bahi'i. To my knowledge he is the author of no ar- > ... - - - > ticle8, papera or books related to Babi or Bah& i Studiee, nor doee he have > > any intention of writing ~thing in the future. He :is, however, well inform- > - > ed regard~ Swedish Bahi'i history and he hae access to & wide selection of > rare Baha•i books !nd manuscripts, of particular interest to the student of > Scandinavian Bahi•i hiatory. > VI. S'WEDEN > > 2) f{a.ne Odemyr Languages: Swedish, Eri<;lish > > De gr eea: unknown > > Int erview: ái 'nen I was in Stockhol m, for parts of two days in late Feb- > ruary 1 ~81, given Mr. Odemyr's very bu sy schedule, we were not able to ar- á > range a meeting in the flesh. As Mr . .) demyr is the Secretary of the N.SA > of Sweden, I .~"'~te hi..:n asking if' I mig:1t search the Swedish Bana' f Arhicve > while in Stoc ~.:-.olm, and he replied in :.i letter dated February 14, explain- > ing that ''our archives are for th& time being in a state of disorder .. '' I > !~und t his to be generally the rule rather than the exception in Europe. > "For ~ver a yaar Bzzat D5azayeri has been working with a catalogue and the > worK ia soon completed (wi thin six mon ~ ~s or so; he and the tlSA i1opel }. Af- > - > ter that it will be ea.8ier to find any ~na'i-d~ta. To try to find something > now would be a s earch in vain.'' (See report on .Ezzat Djazayeri, Sweden.) £á1r. > Odemyr ccnti.c.ued, s t ating that ''Ezzat D.jazayeri, whom you a.~: e going to meet > in c~ othenburg, is for th9 time being t he best source of information abo11t > Swediah Baha' f-h.istory • 11 (See reports on Djazayeri, Paul Stolpe and Sven > iá1ard8 for information on Swedish Baha'i history.) t-'tr. Odemyr moat kindly > invited my speci1 ic questions, and offered to assist me as he was able, > and I sent him the following list, in hopes that some one among t l1.: J ..,edish > baha'ie might be able to help in collecting information: > -1-articles on Babi .s a.;.d BahA'is in old issues of periodicals such ~ 3 Aften- > bladet in the Swedish language. > - .... - > -2-old books in Swedish which mention Bi.bis and Baha'is, books on Iran, on > Islam, comparative religion, travels, etc. > -3-information on Svorre H!ZI] msen, the .;wedi sh Bah_&' f author, and. his books. > -4-data on the Swedish police force a~~ gpoc\fd in I:-an in 1 :á 90-1919. > -5-data on Swedish travelers, explorers, diplocats, their memoirs, lettere > and reports, ~ho frequented fran, 'Iriq and the Ottoman Empire i."lClud~ng Pa- > lestine, who might have met Bibfs or Baha'fs and written of them. > -6-liathan Soderblum's collection of Bah& 1 I literature at Uppsala University, > and all references to the Eibi and Bah&' [religions in his writings and cor- > respondence. > -?-information regarding relations between Finnish and Swedish Baba•ia. > -8-contact w-ith any Swedish Baba' is who are studying 19th century Swedisn > or Finnish culture, history, religion. > -9-name ot Uppaala professor, not Baha•ár, .1no has vrit"ten aympat.:1etically > - - J > about the Baha'i Faith. > We did ~o~ discuses an European Bahi' i Stl1diea Association, nor a:i ~~czc...loP!- > dia Baha'i. I fully realize that this report is unfinished, and ccnveya > very little inform•tion. I am awaiting t~e good-plea.sure of l-tr. Ode.uyr. > VI. SWEJQ > > J)Ezzat Djazayeri Languages& Persian, English, á > Swedish, French, some Arabic, > some German, some Vietnam••• > Degreeei áPh.D., Univ•raiu ofá > Goteborg, Department of History; > topic: 1The Persian Presa and Re- > form Queationa in áfran, 1890-1907~ > > Interviews Prai11• be to Godl In thia acholar I bav• found a moat > generou.e friend, ever eager to encourage me, in st work, •11 well aa to in- > form me regarding hie ovn. Mr. Djazayeri, soon to be Dr. Djazayeri, in- > ted me to hie office at the University of Gotegorg and subsequently to > his home where we apoke for hours about hf.a work and mine in the field ot > Baha'i- studies. We bega~ with a discussion of the history ot the Bahi'i - > . Faith in Sweden, about which he plans to write a comprehensive stu~ based > on documentary eourcee aa wenáae oral hi.story, and he reconnnended that I > talk with Ed1iard •a.d Jean Bonn, doctors of chiropractic resident in Wiscon- > sin and pioneers for man;y yeara to Sveden, who lived in Goteborff. •nd whose > house is the looal Haziratu'l-4uda. Mr. Djazayeri went on pilgr1mage with > them to Haifa. In an.ever to Dr. Hoojan Momenta assertion that the Swed- > ish government aent ~ contingent of crack officers to train and officiate > the Iranian polio• force from 1890 to 1919. Mr. Djaeayeri affirms that in > fact, according to documents he found in the Swedish Nation•l Archiv•e ia > Stockholm, Swedieh officers helped to train the -Iranian gendarmerie, the > road police in 1910 •nd continued to do ao until 1913, and_h• b•e copi•e of > reporta mad• b7 the offioera to tll•ir superiors regarding Irin. He baa > found tbat the Royal Library iA Stockholm baa a l•rge collection of Persian > menuaoripte dating .trom the 16th to th• 19th centuriee. He baa mad! ! liat > of Swedish-language publicationa which have made reference to the Ba.bi and > Rabi' r religions, . aa well •• a bibliogiáaJlb1' of literature in other lan- > guage•. In one of his letters he wrote that he 'shall regard it •n honour > to reviewáá 7our bibliogra~ of flhqkhI/BibI/Baha •I-related literature. > Please let me know when you are ready.' I am honoured, sincerely honoured > to have such a distinguished end knowledgeable scholar offer to review '113 > bibliograplq. Mr. Dj!_Za7eri point• out that Dr. Fagergren, a Swedish Ph1'- > aioian, reaided in jbiru during the lifetim• of th• Sib and that h• 111W1t > have known. eomething of the Ba'Dis, and 118.7 have written something about hie_ > enooUDtere ~th th••• . For a catalogue of th• contents of th• Swedish Baha'i > Archives we will have to wait at least until 1983, •nd tJY,a ia alao true of > a complementary list of literature on the :s&bI and Bah~i religions in the > Swedish language, u both are being prepáred primarily b7 Mr. Djazq-eri end > it ia taking him a long tillle to organize this •t•rial. At preaent he ia > putting the finishing touches on hi.a Ph.D. dissertation, which ie on 'The > Perai•n presa and reform queationa in Ir'l'n fr<>11 1890-1907', and he wrote me > October 24, 1981 that h• hopea to have it publiahed sometiu next)year, iná > . 1982. Thia theaia will be published in English and by the UniversitJ of > Gotehorg. He ha• found, through hi.a thorough, hie exbauative atul'.17 of tu > Peraian preae, that from 1896 to 1914 there were a great 1111mber of article• > written. about the Beha•I Faith in Perai•n periodic•le, that B•bi 1 i litera- > ture waa_ueecl in Beb'i 1l acboola aa stu~ text• and that attacka(a:nd defense•) > of Báb•'ill api:eared in the pariodioala 'vhenevv the olerg w.nted to mobi- > . li•• tu •••• of the people for a oertain purpose they •imPl.7 relatet the > qu••tioa ia aln&l to th• Faith, and therefor• undeairable1 Tobacco R'gi•, > t~ achool. i:!irm > ml.•••1 ot M H > 1 tu Preu aativiti••, th• Comrtitution•l ,&evol!!.ti~n 1 dis• > Khan, th• Muahlr od-Davlih, dismiaa•l of Mirs& •nt > '-!'gU.r Kliin, the" oasáSultin, were a fev e:xamplea. á hea th• moet recent > '?9 > VI. SWEDEN > > 3)Ezzat Djazayeri > Interview: > - > revolution in Iran, which may well ba ::: ~ ~d.ed. as the severest attack on th.e > Cause of God in ita 137 year history, á....d planned to upr oot it from the > country of its birth, demonstrates the c lergy's hostility towards the Revel- > ation of God.• This is orA ot 1:1an.,v exc.:::.:-pta from letters written to me by > Mr. Djazayeri subsequent to our meeting in GotehJrg, ~d sources ot much of > the detai~ in this report. ?-tr. l)jaza.~:~!"i noi: .;a that Mirza ij.usa.yu ~ an and > t.fulla 1 A1.. i Asgb.8.r K:.;.in ii/ere 1 two c.bl$ .á~á ime r-t~nisters, the f'or1er di.sniissed > by r-l~erid Dfn Shi:b., the latter asaasinated by a Constitutionalist.' At > the Departmen~ of Inda-European Fhilolcisy, University ot Gpteborg, Mr. Dja- > _zayeri is in the final stages of comple~ing, with the assistance of his col- > lea.iu.es, a S~edish-Persian/Pereian-Swediah idiomatic vocabulary, to be com- > puterized, consisting ot some 20,000 sentences declamatory ot the actual > vernacular spe~h expression o:.c" Persians and Swedes. Some ot his scholarly > interests include the follovin.c: 1. his'tory of prominent Babi - and E:.lh& 1-i wo- > men: he has already written 15 articles, soCT& 30-40 pages in all, on the > life of IC'l.adfjih Ba.gum, one of._the tllo .w ives of the Bib, and_ her influence > upon the unfoldment ot the B&bi Faith, for the Swgdish ~l!A,a'i Newa, written > in English and translated into Swedish t-y Mrs. Ann~argaret Kashef; 2.. hi.s- > t~ry ot the Bah.i 1 ái Faith in Sweden, based on documentary sources; 3. biogra- > P'.lY ot the !ather > - of Hand of t :1e Cause of God H~M. Balyuzi; 4. early hi.story > of the Baha'i Faith; 5. hiatory of Scandinavia and es-pecia..lly that o!' Sweden; > 6~ history of i'ran tor the last 600 years; 7. h.iBtorY ot Bahi. 1 1 Faith in > Scandinavia; 8. history of Western Baha•f wor.nen; 9. cooperative effort among > Baba•r scholars to study the Heroic Age ot the Faith, from the birth of Ba.hi> > in 1817 until the passing or 'Abdu'l-Baha in 1921, the study o! thie pe:: sonal > - > life and Writings of the Central Figures ot the Bibi and Baha'i Faiths, with - > the establishment of a centre where information and literature cc1~ld be col- > lected and the formation of a committee of persons to study this naterial un- > der ithe guidance -of tn• Universal House or Justice. He has writ~en a.:"ticles > for Swedish B::á~~á i i'rews, translated into áSwedish. by Paul Stol~, on the lives > of Dr. Sama:1iari and Professor ~akim, mart,'.-" red in i..ran in 1980, and an ar- > ticle entitled ''Dedicated to the memo.ry ot the Hand of the Cause of God E- > - > noch Olinga, '' aJ so published in Swedish Bah~' i NtJws. He has been studying > Egyptology tor many years, and went on a. tr:.-p to Egypt _with Dr. -3odttrberg, > one of the foremost Egyptologiste in the world, where he found himself even > more i.mpres~ed by Egyptian .; á..tl.ture than he had been previously by the civil .. > ization of ! ran. When asked for his attitude toward.a the :t."9lationship bet- > - > ween Ba.ha•{ community and Baha'i scholarship, Mr. Dja.zayeri stated his view > that Ba.M•I society should be open, res-pectful nf learning, knoá~ledge and > wisdom~ as this is specifically cal: ed !or in the Writinga of Baha•u•!lah; > he empnaaized that Bahi1 Ia all called upon to be knowledgeable, and t :r:at \-:.g > must learn from everything and everyone. When asked aoout Emmanuel Sw~den­ > borg, the grea.t Swedish scientist, mystic and philosopher, Mr. Jjaza:. ~ri > reported that ~ouis~ Erickson told Paul. Stolpe who told him (th.ere' a a nice > chain of Baha'i ~adith!)that 'Abdu'l..Ba.hi regarded Swedenborg~ f~rerunner > to the Bab and Bo...1a'ullah, but could not substanciat• this assert ~ á ~ wi th > an authenticated written source. Eu alao quoted the following frá--á 1.orld > Order, February 1936, vol. I, number 11 p. 413, in a letter ill tall 1981, > •In a. Tablet addressed to an American ba.:.1~' i~ z.E. "'restli:..g-Br~-wster, ' .';."o- > du' 1-.aani gave to Emmanuel Swedenborg the significance o~ minor prophet: > ''As aoon as a bird is fledged,'' He aaid in that Tablet, ''it ca?Ulot t-~ !tep it- > se1f on the ground ••• in reality Emmanuel waa the forerunner o! the second > coming of Hia Holiness the Christ and the herald of the path to the King- > VI. S'NEDW > > 3)Ezzat Djazayeri > Interview: > dom••• I hope that thou wilt arise to perform all that which His Highness F.m.- > manuel hath predicted••• '''. Thia article, quoting 'Abdu'l-Bahi, was writ- > ten by Olivia Kelsey, also author ot a poem entitled 1 'The Advent,'' and pub- > lished in World Order, April 1936, vol. II, no. 1. Mr. Djazayeri quoted > ~lehru, former Prime Minister of India, as saying that all Indian women should > follow the example of Tihirih; he said that Indira Gandhi, Nehru's daughter > and also a Prime Minister of India for many years (presently serving in that > capacity) repeated this exhortation; that Sul&YTJU!.ll Nazim Bey, the Turkish. > poet vrote that 'fclhirih was worth 1 ,ooo Naw-i-Din §_hi.ha; Sarah Bernhardt > said that her career would not be complete without portraying ':t'clhirih and > commissioned Catule Mendes to write a theatrical piece which she could per- > form in this role; relative to iihirih, Mr. Djazayeri made a. marvelous and á > :inspiring statement, that ehe 'had divine authority such as comes every 500, > (X)() yeara. 1 What a magnificent tribute to this star among ataral In a later > letter he explained as followa, for my first reaction to this statement was > incredulous, •I am sure I meant divine insight and vision. However, when > you read what the Bab, Bah8. 1 u•11ih, 'Abdu'l-Bahi and Shoghi Effendi have > said about rihirih, you realize that she was far above her fellow-believers. > She was in fact the very first person who recognized the station of Bani•u•- > llan. P1ea.ae read God ~as.~s B_y, page 72-77, and Memorials of the Faithful, > pages 190-205. The course of the history of her life, her poems and odes, > her conduct and extraordinary manner of speech, her total. attachment to the > Cause of God, her overwhelming force ' of argument, her towering strength of > personality, certitude, con!idence ••• demonstrate so clearl7 that she .must > have been invested with auch authority that saints, mystics and the ~oat en- > lightened believers sought in vain. Concerning Nehru 1 a tribute to her, I > - - - > read it in a Persi!n Baha'i Youth Magazine call_!d Ahm,;g-i-B!!..c:ti~, and also > heard from Hrs. Shirin Fozdar, our famous Bahi 1 i woman in South East Asia > when I pioneered to Vietmam and Thailand in 1964-5.• Mr. Djazayeri baa di.8- > covered interviews of a Persian journalist with 'Abdu'l-Bahi while He waa in > Egypt, and according to the first article by thi!I journalist, he went to A- > merica and Europe with 'Abdu'l-Bah~. 'Th• paper reported that it would try > to report the talks of 'Abdu'l-Bahi in Europe ancl America. As I have not > yet found the following ori,inal copies of that pa.per, I can not elaborat• > on the subject any furt~er. á He asserted tha! many Persian authors have > written about the Ba.hi'! Faith and that .Bahi'is are more or less unfamiliar > with theee reaponsea to the Revelation. When asked which ot Baha'u'llah's > Tablets ware revealed in pure Persian, without Arabic intermixture, Mr. Dja- > zayeri asserted that i-rhey are so beautiful, astounding, and breathtaking > beyond description.• He al'Jo mentioned that 'Abdu'l-Bahi wrote some Tablets > - > - Abu'l-Fap.l Gulpaygi'ni also penned letters in > in pure Persian, and that Mirza > a Persian utter1y wi!.hout Ar~ic word.a, in addressing the Zarduahtia (Paraia > or Zoroastrians) of Irin. - á > We di'! not discuss an European Bah'i'i Studies Association or an EncycloP!,dia > - > Baha'i, but he is in favour of all cooperative enterprises among Bah.i'l > scholars, and is an enthusiastic member of the Association for Babi'i Stud- > ies head<11iartered in Toronto, Canada, and favours the establishment of a cen- > ter for study of the Heroic Age (1817-1921) ae mentioned before. It an En- > cyclope,_dia Baha'i were launched, with the permi8sion and supervision ot the > Universal. House of Justice, Mr. Dja~ayeri wou1d be a valued contributor there- > to. When asked about Persian Bahi'i scholars, he wrote m• about a number ot > these, and I cite his worda, prefering them to my ovn: > •The Persian Bah.i•! community produced a large number of very learned hialor- > ians and scholars such asz Fazel, Iahriq Kh&vari. Niiahibadf, Thabet..Sharqi, > á::J .. > Ul > > VI. S \.JEDEN > > 3)Ezzat Ojazayeri > Interview: ~ ~ > _ ~ ~ ..... _ - _. > Rez_yaE-1, .Faizi, Farid, •Ala.vi, Yazdani, Bakhta~rar, !:!olaku' i, F~utan, Varqa, > Qadimi, A!nin, and ••• (only to have na:ned a few: Farid and 3akhtavar á.-1ere mar- > tyre.-.: recently). Each of these luminaries was and is (some of them l1a 1e > passed away)a unique expert on one aspect of the history and the Writings of > the Faith. They held courses, conducted regular seminars, wrote bcoka and . > articles for so many :áears (all the ye~s put together exceed two-three cen- > turies) in order to acquaint the Baha'i with th9 \•/riti!'lgs ot the 13 i'.:I , 3ana'u • • > llih, 'Abdu' 1-Baha and Shoghi Effendi. á. at has so far been achieved is on- > :1 > > ly the beginning. Shog.."'li Effendi translated that amount which he considered > suf!i~ient for humanity for a long period du..-ing the Formative Age of ~h! > Bahi 1 i Era. He would have loved to translate more, but as stated by Ru.l:liyyih > !\~"in.um, in The Priceless Pearl, the Guardian simply did not have the time to > de so. There ie also the question ot priorities--What is essential to know, > answers to the needs of humanity, guidance for the betterment o! the lite of > mankind, and a deeper insight into the Writings of t he twin Manifeetationa > of Gad and the Interpreters ot the Revealed Words. To know that t ~~ Bao > had two wives i.e not a solution to any h11man problem. We need to ~:..::.: \l how > the 'Wards can be avoided. I:lov prejudices could be eradicated. How unity and > har!Dony could be .firmly established. And questions of this nature. But 1á .~ at > assured that 8n:f baffling question and perplexing problem, be it histor i cal, > social, spiritual, factual., political or others have their answers in the im- > .:nense Writings of Bah"i'u'll'ih. We learn a bit from it. Next generatic~ a > oit more, the generation after the next still a bit more 8lld so on tor another > 500,000 years.• By the way, he al.so informed me that the second wife of the > Bab was named Fa~imih, and that she is mentioned in Bah.a •u' llah' s Ep~stle .t2 > ,the S_on of the, W~l~, PP• 176-71 ot Shoghi Etfendi' .s Englishá translation, and > on page 2~9 of volume I of Adib Taherzadeh's The Revelation of Bali.3.'u'llah. > Publications: ''?-fadiyen va F.akandar •it 'series ot fifteen articles, actually > a á a~ort sto:y of love, --published in a newspaper called Qal~-: > i-l.fa, !~tahan, in 1953-4. (In Persian)' > ''Some historical. monuments ot It!ahin, '' 'ten article& wr ~.t­ > ten for the nevapa.per Farhang, published in 1955. in I?fahin. > (in Persian)• á > ''Louis XIV and Europtt, '' •95 pages, written for the Department > of History, University of ~ihran, 1958-9. Available at Teh- > ran Uniá:ersity Library. ( I n Persian).' > ''First tlroup ot Western Pilgrims to the Hol.7 Land, ' 1 by Ma7 El- > lis B2llea, translation in!o Persian, 'Published in the Ah8J1S.- > i-Badi', the Persian Bahi.'i Youth Magazine, 1963.' > '~ i t~b.- ~ Agdae. A historical background,'' 'writ ten at the in- > struct ion of the NSA and pub ~ ished in the Swedish News Letter > on the anniver sary of its hu..~dreth year revelation.' > ''rh! Purest Branct1, '' 'an article published by the Swedish Ba- > na' i :lews on the occasion of the centenary of the m2rtyrdom > of the Purest Branch••• June 2,, 1870 ••• published in June 1970 ••• > I wrot! the article at the request ot the NSA.• > tBaha• i History,'' •three artiolea published by the Swedish > - > Bah'i.' i ?iews, 19?4.' > ''Swed ish-Iranian Relationship, 11 •an artiole written for tl".e > Bc;>n;r~d C!l°l;~ur.al,l'\aga.zi:_ne, Tehrin, May 1977. • > - ... - > ''The Illumined Stars--the women who made history,'' 'artic l es > - > on the Babi-Baha'i women of the Heroic Age. So far 14 arti- > - - > cles on the wife of the Bab ••• Kh.adijih Bagum ••• pub!ished 1iur- > ing 1977-80. • In Swedish translation, S \<1edish Ba .4 1 I f~ewa. > VI. S\r/EDFll > > 3)Ezzat Dja~eri > . > In.terviewi > > Pttblicationsa ''Historiography ill Europe: a briet stu~ ot the Swedish and > English historiography,'' •An article written for the !"&Jalleh- > ye Dineshk~deh, the quarterly publication at the Univerait1 > ot Tehre. PublilJhed in the apring iaau• ot 1978. • > ''Swedieh-Iranian Relationship,'' •an article written for Bonar > va Mardom, a Cultural review ot th• Kinietry ot Cu1ture and > Arta, á frin, tor their spring iesue of 1978.' > ''Dedicated át o the memory of the Hand of the Cauae ot God E- > noch Olinga;'' •a asonth after his tragio paaaing, • in Swedish > Bah&•f Newa, 1980. á > . > ''Profe88or Hak!m, > - '' in honor of hia mort)TdOlll in winter 1981 > Swedish Baha'i Newa, 1981. : > > ''Dr. Samana&ri, '' in honor of hia martyrdOlll in winter 1981 1 > Swedishá Balii'I Neva, 1981. á > áThe Per.s ian Preas and Reform uestiona in Iran 18 , > University of Goteb,irg Preee, late spring 1 2, projected. • > - > Paper• a.á.- 'Ial d •nd =Ir•n, • 'Seen by the Persian eyes. Essay, 12 pages. :o.- > partment of Hiat017. University ot Gothenburg, October, á1966.• > ''lb• Anglo-Russian ConYention of 190?, Part One• Persia, 1 'Bsaay > 46 pqea. Writtea átor th• Department of History, University of > Gothenburg, March, 1968.• > '!rb.• Co.n11titution of Persia, Sources and Literature,• 'twoá~•• > 16 P.P••.á Depu-tmeut of Hiat0%"7, Univerait7 of Gothenburg, Hil1't > 1969. I . > > á'Th• Persian Jom•li• 1 1850-1907,• •ea.say, 40 page• (3 obarts, > ou mp). Depsrtment of Hiatory, University of Gothenburg, Novem- > ber, 1969.' > 'The Peraian Journal!•, 18.50-1907,• 'eesq, 22 page• (9 tablea). > :0.i-rtment á of Hiator.y, University ot Gothenburg, April 19?0.' > > ~k ill. p:-ogr••••á. Cawse > 1 BiograpQ' of Muvaqqarud-Dawlih, father of th• Hand ot > ~. Bal.yuzi. (In Persian)' á > 'A study á of th• range of the Writi.nga of the beloved > Guardian-.- (In Persian •nd English) 1 > •SvediaháP•raian bibliography. (In Perai•n and Svedi8h)' > 1 Persian...Swediah idiomatic vooabularya joint project. > > •swediah Babi'i > - > (~In Persian and Swedish)• > hietory. (In > .. > Swedish and English)' > ' > > Future projectal •rt rill take sometime to make an aeessment ot ácontec- > plated. pl"ojects. '!'hey are ma?Q' and depend greatly on rq > contemplated research which in turn depends on ever- > preeent question ot finsnoeaa th.,- inoludet early history > o~ the Faith, all aapecta of it1 a broader etuq of Swed- > iah-Ir•Di•u relationahipi hiator,r ot th• Persian art, car- > pet in particular1 history of th• Faith in Sc•ndin•via••• > ( iA Peraian and English I r•aume ill Svediah) t > > 4)Paul .Stolne Langua~es: Swediah, English > - Degre~s: um:nown > > Interview: My three meetings with Mr. Stolpe in Goteborg, where he nor- > mally resides, at Harald St&kegatan 38, tel. 84-38-69, yielded a great am- > ount of infon:iation about Swedish Baba•I history, natural medicine aod oc- > cult literature. This man ia a veritable national Ba.hi• i treas :rel I wish > I had a month ~r a year to spend with him, just ~bsorbing what he r.~s care- > fully assimilated 3.Jld classified into his marvelous memory, and ~oJ.iected > in his extensive library. He began by telling me about Aqueli, a g,..,edish > painter who lived during tqe lifetime of 'Abdu'l-Baha and died in Bará.:e- > lona, around 1915. This 1'!1BD spoke mtich of world peace, learned sixteen > languages in libraries, operated a newspaper in Egypt for awhile and lived > while there with two Babi:•ia. A museum in Sweden has a collection of some > - > of his paintings. He was definitely infiuenced by Ba.hi:' i teachings, b á~t > Hr. Stolpe does not know vb.ether or not he was the first Swedish Bahi'i. > ft.ugust Rudd, who is reputed to be the first Swedish Ba.ha•[, wrote to '.'Lbdu'l- > Edha in 1919 :rom Kenosha, Wi8conein, and asked to be accepted as a Baha'i: > 'Abdu'l-Bahi sent him as a pioneer to Sweden in 1920. Rudd wae an inventor, > like bis brother Edwin who also lived in WiscoMin and in llorvay, who i :!.vent- > ed a typevriter and a boat motor (hence, the 'rudder•?). Mr. Stolpe aa~ed > me to find sources for August Rudd' a early lite in !,lisconsin while in the_ > United States, as ne wants to write on this e';)i.sode tor th' Swedi..eh. Ba.--. á:• i > News. He recalled that at one time Olivia Kelsey was living in Monaco and > - > writing Baha,i historya he urged me to look her up if she were still there > and living. He said he would like to have tape-recorded reminiscences of > the first generation of American pioneers to Sweden who have, most of them > returned to the United States. He told me that August Rudd's wife translat- > ed the Kitib-i-fqan into Swedish from the English translation of Shoghi Ef- > fendi. He reeoDDDended that I talk with Mr. Paul ~jermar~, former Secretary > of the NSA of Sweden and now resident in Rome tor more in!ormation about > T •• > Swedish Bahi'1 history. (See report on Mr. Ojer!nark, in Italy.) At my re- > quest Mr. Stolpe told me briefly the story of his life, and I cite it here > - > aa an aid to whomever might be the next Baba 1 i ac.~olar to interview or cor- > respond w::..:h him:He began to pray at the suggestion of a nurse while in . > the hospital for treatment of his left hand which had been burned black and > severely disfigured. He worked at various kinds of manual labour 1 ?ursuing > in his leisure time research into natural healir--6• He has an excellent me- > mory and remember:e in detail what has trans?i=ed over the years, including > all of his Baha'i contac-cs, and he ha.a a guest book which haa been in use > since 19'+9. He is a pa.inter, a realist and expres.-Jionist, who ~ins sometimes > used a purple spiritual haze to bathe ais images in. He had flashes of re- > alization, of recognizing tru~ha whicn were Baha'i- principles, ~ut he also > believed that there must be one man wiser tr.an all the rest, ac~ so when he > - > tirst heard of the Balli' i Faith he responded posit ::rely. Since t he develop- > ment of the Admjniatrative Order in Sweden and around the world he has taken > á- > little initiative for fe ;'r of being in conflict wlm otr. er Ea.ha' is, a.n:i he > knows little about the A :~inistrative Order beca~c ne na.s read but little > of the literature descriptive thereof. After he completes a number of ar- > ticles on water cures he intends to devote his entire energy to Eabi•i work. > VI. SWEDEN > > 4)Paul Stolpe > > Interview: > His research into the variows uses and significances of water, material > and spiritual baa yielded much that ie of value, to Bahi•ie and others. > He has thought ot moving to the Middle F.aat to teach water technology > ao that the desert may be arrested, recovered and changed into a fertile > and richly productive land. He was the Bahi•I teacher of Sverre H•lmeen, > - > the Swedish Bah&'i author, and he introduced Harald Thiis, he says, to > zone therapy ( sondtherapi). > Regarding the principle of .unity in diversity, he -stated that one must > have diversity for 11nity to be possible, for without diversity there is > no attraction, those who are too similar can not be attracted to one an- > other. Mr. Stolpe reported that while Dr. Albert Schweitzer lived in > SwitZ!,_rl.and he studied the Bahi'{ Faith, without having_ any contact with > Ba.bi• is, and then he ~ent to Africa 'inspired by Baba' i •. Later in life > whei; Schweitzer was old and staying in an hotel in Paris, he told a Ba- > ba' i that he had bee.! inspired to go to Africa by the Bahi'i Writings, > and he and the Baha'i talked all that night. He affirmed that Nathan > - > Sederblum heard about the Baha'i Faith in Africa, and that someone in > Goteborg heard about it from him while he was a professor at the Univer- > sity of Geteborg. > Mr. Stolpe baa an interesting and large collection of books on the sub- > ject of natural medicine and healing, most of which are kept in the home > ot a friend--Ruhaniyyih Golmahammadi, Lj11ngkullen 37, 43366 Partilla, > Sweden (031/26-69-33), also a student of the subject. He also baa an > assortment of books on pyramidology, and he mentioned in passing some > of the experts in the field which he h.ae consulted, including: John > Greaves, profeesor of astronomy at Oxford,á 16J7; Colonel Howard Vyse; > Sir John Herschel. astronomer; John Taylor, mathematician and publisher, > 1859; Piazzi Smyth, professor of astronom,y, 1864-5; Sir William Petrie, > archaeologist; David Davidson, engineer, 1924. To cite but a few ot the > titlea he baa collected whic~ struck me as exceptionally rare1 > Max Freedom Long, Gr~win,g i~~o ;Light, 1955. > J.W.Dunne, ~ E!P!,r~ent with Tj.me, 1934 new edition. > Adolf H1mgry Wolf, The_ SJ?iri t .at, Hidden Val1=_ey. A G,?o~ _Medic~n~. Storz, á 1972. > Health,, Its ~ec9ve.rx &?ti:! Ma~t!t_1,1&pce. Abdullah Latif, ed. R.H.Saundera,n.d. > Dr. Thelma Moss, Th~ P_robabilitL of th.,!._Im,Eoss,iplt!, 19'74. > We discussed neither a BSA in Europe nor an ~nczcloE!,d_ia, and this was ap.. > propriate aaáMr. Stolpe does not regard himself aa a scholar, although he > is willing to help others to do reBearch in the areas in which he_himeelf > has become knowledgeable. > > Publicationas Mr. Stolpe has written a number of articles tor alternative > medi~ine periodicals in Sweden, which he declined to enumer- > ate; he has also translated some of Mr. Dj~ayeri'a articles > tor Swedish Baha'i Newa from English into Swedish; and he > baa written over 50 pages in successive issues ot Swedish > Bahitf News on his memories of the Swedish Bahi 1 Is, charac- > terising hia perspective as that of •a living body of the > inside' and insisting that 'all the details and things you > have in archives and written down, real historiaoa wil1 till > in and add to it in the future, it is easy for them. so it > then will be aevera1 hundreds of pages. It ia high, far, > above my ability.• One of the distinguishing characteristics > of this soul is his endearing humility and another his .dedica- > tion to the service of others, with no thought of personal gain. > 8~ > .. > > 1 )Dr. Margit ~4arburg (.~sa.ncier •) ! !.ngua;es: Swedish, D::r i.:;n, > Institute o~ Scciolc~ of Religion Ei:glish, Ge ::-man t ot :...ers > University of Copenha~en DegreeJ; Ph.D. in : r i.sto~y of Reli- > gious I!lStitl.itions, Stockhols _ > UniverGitet, 1974; to:~i.c: •Bahi' i- > Ismen, ~ 1974. • > > Interview: Dr. '.iarburg is extrer~ :!ly busy with teaching courses and > conductL"'lg her research. She is on a three-year fellowship at tne ~niver­ > si ty of Copenhagen granted by the Danish government, -md for the '.: luration > of that fellowship ar~e will be spending most of her ti!!le studying the Ba- > ba' i comcnmity of Denrnarlt, through reading of literature available in Den- > á- > r..a.rk, interviewing of individual Baha' is and the anal.,.rsi~ ot 'iata collect- > ed through questionnaires sent out to all enrollad Ba.ha' is. I was able to > tal-1.c with her for only a halt-hour, during her lunch-break, and so could > not ask her a.a ~á3:IlY questions as I did others. The NSA of Denmark and the > indi vidual 3a.rui•is ..,ho know t'!". Margit seem to have total confidence in > her capaoit:r tc a.rry out an objectiá:e ~'"ld sy-npathetic appraisal of the > past and presen:á fort11nes ~f that Bahi 1 i community of less than 200 adult > member.a, scattered all 0•1er the Danish i.slands. '../e await the publication > of the results of her enqairiea so thai: :..ie may jUá:l~e for ourselves. In my > update and revision of this report (which will be expanded to include the > activities of scholars the ~orld over), I will cite all of her papers and > publications relative to the Bahi•f religion. > > 2)Lisbeth Andersen Languagee: Danish, English > Degrees: unknown > > Interview: Mrs. Andersen invited me to tea and dinner in her home, on > March 22cd,1981,and there I talked with her and another Baha'i !or a few > .ours; ve had 11et in the evening of March 20, for dinner and then had pro- > ceeded to attend the Feast of Baha~in the company ot Dr. Alec Culton, in > the home of Miss Kaya Holck; then we met again at the Naw-Rii.z gathering > on March 21 in the Haziratu'l-Quds in Hellerup. But it was not until the > afternoon and evening of the 22cd that ~• were able to talk openly and free- > ly for more than a few moments and about thin..:s ot consequence. This lat- > ter meet á~.ag le ft me with a lasting impression of I-trs. A!"~dersen as a remar- > kable soul, well. worthy of inclusion in this report, alt~ou~ she is neith- > er a scholar nor the a.asiatant > - to a scholar, and even though there are se- > veral ind.ivid11al Bahi is in Denmark who have a more comprehensive knowledge > > ' ! the Bahi•I history of that country than her. She is a longtime member > ,.,: the Danish NSrt, translator ot literature rárom E~lisll into Danish, il- > lustrator and writer ot li~arature tor Ba.~•l children, tal á~nt~d designer, > painter, aestheticiau, and Baha 1.l since 1952. She manage.'! to raise a fa- > mily, paint and design, and remain a staunch and steadfast Bahi.'l all of > these years, notwithstanding the dif~iculti'!S po.eed ~'Y rler own buM3-n linil.- > tationa, by those of her co-workers, and those ot h~r society. I will in- > clude a tull bibliography ot her translations and illu.st~ationa in a revi- > sion ot this report. > VII. DENMARK > > 3)Kaya Holck x.anguageal Danish, English > Degreea1 unknowa > > Interview: Mias Holck mentioned in passing that ahe is researching a > documentary history of the 'Rabi' i Faith in Denmark, painatakingi,. going .á > through the t: .. ea ot deceased individt1al Babi•Ie whose papers have been > turned over tc the NSA or who are in the handa of sympathetic families, > and through those of LSAs and of the NSA. She did not indicate to me > at what stage she felt herself to be in her research, and ao I don't know > whether thie ia something that we'll see the fruits of, in five years, ten > years, or ever tor that matter. Hopefully Mias Holck will supply me with > more information on her project and I will be able to write more about her > in a revised version of thi.e report. > > 4)Dr. Alec Oulton Languages: Engliab 1 Danish > Degreeas Ph.D. in P;ysohologr, > Univereity ot Londont topic: 'The > Role of th• Hippooampws in Memo17 > Neuropaychologia,• 1977 (?) > Interview& Thia account of rq encounter vi.th Dr. Oulton ia based upon > two conversationa,one in the Copenhagen llWlicipal railv&J' station, and the > other in Hyde Park, London, and upon three letters, one ot which comprised > hia •xtenaive revision of 'fll1 original report, to my great d.elight and en- > tire ap:iroval. Dr. Oul~on and I disouaeed ma~ matters, including the pre- > sent state of the Babi. 1 1 comanmit1 of Denmark, but he would prefer if I > were to record on.17 his remarke related to research in paychologr •nd re- > lated aubjeote of study. Firat we spoke of the predictions of varioua > psychics, aoientiata and religious writera that a planetary conflagration > ia i••nent, and Dr. Outlon pointed out that he had heard from a number of > indivich1ala the view that th• year 1990 would see gr•a.t commotio:a ill th• > world, while others looked to 1984 •nd 1982•. 'I've only dipped into th• á > Americ•n, Edgar Cayce,• he wrote me, '••not at all sure whether he is > . so11nd but remember hia prognostication on event• in the world which h• > saye will begin around 1984 •nd involve dramatic changes in the geograp~ • > > of th• world. Not until the 1990• will Ewope 11ndergo a sudden ch•nge. > H8Jl1' people seem to inuagin• that 1984 will be a year of sipal events••• > Aa a psychologiat I know that the human. mind takea in a great 4,.eal vithout > alviqa being aware of what ia being input •. : There ie al~a thel daDger of > imitation. even though we feel sure that.it is our very own special intuit- > ion. There i8 •stronomic•l, geologioal, and other data on the probabilit7 > of earthquakes occuring around 1982, on a scale hitherto unknown to ua. So- > lar. winds appsrentl7 can cause earthquakes, •nd ohange• in solar wind• > concur vith planetary aligb•nt. Read The JuEiter Etrnff!C\ by Stepha Plage• > man, a Cambr.!dg9 phyaictst.• I had brought up this topto u I found a n1•m• > ber of Baha'ia, Nev Agere and ev•ngeliatio Protestant• as well u clerical- > ly trained Catholics in Europe expectiDg great ''cala•ity11 in the near tu- > ture. Am to Dr. Oulton•a research u a psychologist, carried out ill Ens• > l•nd prior to hi• pioneering to Bornhola Island, betveen Sweden •nd Pol•nd > •Jld Denmark, tram vhioh he returned to England in March1 thence to l•&V"e > for South Africa in Jul.7 (on both occasion• I spoke with h:ia onl.1 da7• be- > fore he waa du• to leave), I quote traa one of hu letters,. > followed by > '~)Dr. Alec Oulton • > > Interview: > cor.m:~nts recalled from our conversations: 'My own research arose out of in- > terest in the ~volution of certain b .ál.in ,structures, the hippocampus being > pri~ary 3..rea o: concern both because i t iáncreases dra."lllltically in size when > animals fir.st invaded the ]and, and áin Yfian this site has been long associat- > ed with long term asorage of in!ormaci~~. Arthur Koestler (author of The > .S le~uwalkers, ~ogi ~d _Co!!Dtaar, etc.) :...,imself researched in this area, > suggesting that there was a part otáthl brain which wae the repodi:ory for > current experiences, whi ~h included remembering 1•episodes1' in onef.:: lite, > replete with sensory ccá áponente. Other brain parts may be conn t: cte ~ with > learning material, i.e., formal memory . I suggested that the midbrain may > function to organize episodic memories i~to ti.me and apace coordinates. If > the midorain ot epileptics is stimulated, memories ot an episodic nature are > evoked but only in epileptics. This brain area also seems to be connected > with hallucinations and visions, also the images of dreams, as LSD injected > into the midbrain of cats "':"l~oducea > ... visions and hallucinations > . of LSD which > do not occur at other brain sites. so~~, mind and brain are intjmately as- > sociated and it seems li.!~~iy that the sou1 experiences, and that these ex- > periences are laid down in the phyeical substrat11m of the brain. At death, > when the physical instrument is destroyed, it is possible that the sou1 re- > tains its own non-material duplicate. This is pure speculation. á~he physi- > cal memory in the brain seems connected with electrical and chemical energy > but energy itself is not a vary tangible ~oncept ••• The e is no proof ot ge- > netic aemory. It is still a logical hypothesis, as I understood it but I > finished researching more than two years ago. We know that DNA. and RNA• > c ontains memory which enables each cell to ?rogramme itselt. It ia logical > that as long as h11man beings have exist;ed, there have been gene.a, and chro- > mosomes. What exactly is carried in eai.;h cell, as information from one ge- > ner ation to the next, is not known. Be3.d Stanislaus Gret, Den Inre R,!jsa > (The Inner Jo_!lrneyt vols. I-III).• Rela:ed to the subject of genetic me- > mory, Dr. Oulton spoke ot Wilder Penfield' s 7.fy~_te.!'z..9..i ,~he ~ind, and of Dr. > Ruth Brown, mentioned by Tomkins in The Secret Life ot Plants, and related > tor its trsnsfoxámative etfect upon contemporary- scientific thinking, The > !~o of ?pysics. Dr. Oulton is also interested in alternative medicine, > in Kirlian photography (etheric field photography), in research on ether > (possibly comprised of energy fields, electro-magnetic forces), and gener- > ally in parapsychology. Dr. Oulton intends to continue his research into > h11man memor:-," in the future. We discussed the possibility that t.1e collect- > ive unconscioua conceived of by Dr. Carl Jtlng 1 the racial heritage implicit- > ly believed in by our forebearers and substanoiated in their literature, > their arta, their social and even le)'n; al forms, and in their religious con- > victions and institutions for thousands of yeare, the cosmic unconscious > posited by Dr. Sigmund Freud may have a. solid baaia in cell chemistry, and > that the history of 118Dkin<1 may indeed be recorded in the DNA a:id RNA which > are then passed on in the sex-cell chromosomes, from generation to genera- > tion. Dr. Culton insisted that wi1ile this is an attractive hy::othesis, it > is not yet aubstanciated by an irrefutable body of evidence. In his last > letter to me, Dr. Ou1ton spoke of his discovery o! an Afril(aaner who 'lived > among the chacua baboons and alIáeady laid down everything ....e have spent years > researching and he presents a convincing refutation of Freud and I always > thought Freud' 8 t heories fallacious. F1~r1etic memory ne maintain.es is what > is commonl.y called instinct and tenda to b~ computer-like in its flmC i:: ions > . while indivi:iual cause and effect memory ma.Kea its appearance in tr:e ape. > The more pronounced individ11al.,. .~ntellii_::ent'' memory, the more b'.lri ed and > lees accessible the phyletic but,~ he :~intains that this is what Freud > VII. DENl-tARK > > 4)Dr. Alec Oulton > Interview: > cal led ''unconscious''. Eugene Marais suggests that the human unconscious > is but the same old animal memory which we retain but have repressed. > He cites hypnotic experiments which give to humans a far, far greater > sensory power than we normally possess, i.e., people under hypnosis pos- > sess sight, hearing, smell, etc. which approximates that ot lower maam~­ > lia and the ''homing'' instinct. The more intelligent the memory, > á- the poor- > er the sen.sea. Essentially what 'Abdu'l-Ba.hi sa.ys •••A Baha'i here from > Canada ia very interested in the study of the family from a Baha'i view- > point and has been counselling in Canada (Charles Frindlay), and he is > interested in the mind, so we hope to put our heads together. My hope > is to conduct research as soon as possible on the African mind, which a > position as lecturer at the University of Zul11Jand facilitates •••The hy,.. > pothesis is, that an unbiased study of the mind ot different ethnic > groups, their potentials, idiosyncraciea, weakness possibly, vill give us > that picture of diversity which should characterize our species, showing > hopefully the principle of complementarity, and providing at the 58.me > ti.me a key to the understanding process across cultures.• Dr. Oulton > hopes to set up a clinic in Zululand to study the Zulu family, village > economy and the value and purpose of the witch doctor and natural heal- > er in family life. He reports giving a talk 'on rhythm, the brain and > African muaio to the music department, which I think went down well aa > they are interested in the role of the medicine man, visions, and the > brain•••Atrican music and its role in the traditional African society > was to me much more interesting. These people breathe music and break out > in harmony whenever there is occasion to, harvesting, weddings, births, > deatba, even in the middle of a university lecture, they suddenly break > into beautitul harmonies ••• ' > We have not discussed an European Baha'i Studies Associ3.tion-vhat'a the > point vhen he's in A:t'rica- {and I knew that he was headed to Africa when > we first met in Denmark)--nor an E?\cyclopedi~ B,!lha,•I, for I know that his > great contribution will come in the field of psychology and not in that of > Bahe If SChOl&rahipe Bah& 1f SCholarS t students Of the Bah&1 'f teachings On > mind, soul, spirit and other topics in psychology, would do well to work > with Dr. Oulton, •nd he will certainly appreciate all offers of assistance. > > Papers and publication•t 'The Role of the Hippoca•pus in Memory Neuropsy- > chologia,' 1981 {?) > 'Four papers in J!:Ocess of publication.• > > áá. > VII. OElá™ARK > > 5)Dr. Fere;r !•m Va!i..can l.UlgU3.gea: Persi3n, Eiiglish, > Danish. German > Degrees: Ph.D. in Persiar:. Liter- > ature > Correspondence: Dr. Va..11.man and I were not able to talk in p~rson iur- > i.ng J1l:f brief stay in Copenhagen and so what little information iJ cited > here ia derived from t1-10 letters and a. Resume sent aince my retl.rn to the > United States. Dr. Va~..man ia an Associate Professor in the Department of > Indo-Europeen Philolosr-1, :Jniveraity of Copenhagen. ?or five yeara now he > has been working to prepare 'a critical edition of the Kiddle Persian (Pah- > laá1i) text of Artay l1/i.;a.?; N~g, or a so media. • He points out that this work entails the •transliteration, trans- > cription, translation, glossary and cormnentary• of this classic. He hopes > to finish this work by the end of this year, to be published by the Danish > Academy o! Science ar.d Art,. and then proceed to take up another research > project. Dr. Va.liman did not comment on my su~gestion of establishing an > áEuropean Ba..~• :i- Studies ~lssociation, i:-ut he wrote. in his last letter that > he •wo,1ld be willing _:ai.. ticipate in 1L.1a~ I Encycl5-';_~ iia by eontriouting ar- > ticles on different items. But befor:; that I would like to know a little > more about the editors, its scopes, et~.á > > Publications: 'Diff'9rent artic:..!s in Acta Orientalia, ,Rahnma-:rt!!,__t:j.t~b > ~n Iranian subjects.• . > J,ms!:id u Khurshid, SaL'1J8Jl of Sawe, critical edition (with > Protessor J.P. Asmuasen),Teheran, 1969. > ifOahaismus, •• in Il_ _steret re.~igio~pj.~.torie, Copenhagen, > 1971. > J?i;c~;ḥlt,-e_...Zardus.~~-i, translation of book in Danish entitled > ~.9P9.;.~~::,ia.n Relig~~~' Teheran, 197J. > Folklore of Kir!1an, Teheran, 1975. > A ~JloB;s~ry Bahaismus, tF in !h.eologische RealenzzkloP.!c!,;!, Walter de > Gruyter, Berlin, New Yark, Band V, Lieferung 1/2, 198 : > PP• 115-132.• > *Thia arti~le is an excellent example of the potential for cooperation bet- > ween Baha'i scholars: Dr. Udo Schaefer and Mr. Peter MUhlschle~el were of > invaluable aseiatince to Dr. Fereyd11n Vahrnan in t:á á. research add ~iting of > this article, and indeed, it could not have come i :o existence in ita pre- > sent form had it not been the collective enterprise of three brilliant, > knowledgeable and erudite Baha'i scholars. I do not mean to imply that > any of these three is an academic student of the Bahi. 11 Faith, but certain- > ly all three have done much research into the subtler details of this ~•­ > ligion, and Dr. Schaefer's doctorai thesis and subsequent writings a.a well > •' > as Mr. Mtihlschlegel•s many published articles are occupied with Baha'i - top.. > • > ios. > VII. DENMARK > > 6)Universitetsbiblioteket > University of Copenhagen > > This library is reputed to be the largest collection o! Danish lang- > uage in Denmark. It has an interesting assortment of rare Baha'i-related > titles in Danish, German and Erflish. My incomplete list of its contents > will be included in. my bibliography, but, for the present, I will cite a á > few of the books I discovered in this report: > J.E. Eeelemont, Bahi'u'l~3}l og den nye ~i~, K•benhavn, 1932. (Rel. 25990) > J.E. Esslernont, Baha'~'llah og q,en n;ye tid, Helaing,r, 1961. (Rel. 25900) > J.E. Eeslemont, Baha'u'llah og hans Budskab, translated by Johanne Sirenaen, > Kobenhavn, 1926; (Rel.25991) "-ááá á > Baba 'u' llah, Ire gla_glis~.. P~.igtb,onner, Overeat fra Engelsk, Revideret efter > den arabiske originaltekst, n.t., Hj;rring, 194?. (Rel. 27055) > Baha'u'llah, De skjulte ord af Bah&'u'llah, translated by K. Barr from Ara- > bic and Persian, Hjpriing, 1948; 2cd edition, 1968. (Rel. 27056) > Samuel Zwemer, Islam en troen.s prevesten, ''Islama Sekter, 11 1 Babismen,' PP• > 62-63, KS1Jbenh"avn, 1910. (Rel: "16692) > Arthur Christensen, ''Babiemen i Peraien, '' Dansk Tidsakrift, pp. 526-39, K-j•- > benhavn, 1903. (K. 2770, B•) á á > E. Chr. Schebel, ''Babi terne, en Religionssect i Peraien, '' Danek l.fS:,,a.ned!!- > skrift, Aargang 1868, Andet Bind, pp. 1-28, Kj;benhavn, 1868. > (K., 1769, 8•, II) > Henrik Holst, ''Et •aterlandsk Reformationsfors;g,''(Babismen), Ant ~ana~ > l-taaned.aakrift, Andet Bind, April-5eptember 1871, PP• 1-36, 148"-b'l';, > 209-220, Kj;benh.avn, 1871. (K., 2132, 8•, II) á > J. Ostrup,á Islam. Den Muhammedan.5ke Reli ion o dens Historiake Udvikli > PP• 1~3-47, Kobenhavn: I Kommission Hos G.E.C. Gad, 191 • Rel., 1 > Alfred Frei err van Kremer, Geachiohte der herrschenden ideen des Isla.mst > F.A. Brockhaus, Leipzig, 1'368. (Rel. 1b'585) ' á-á ' - : > Ignaz Goldziher, Vorlesungen iibe.r den Islam, Heidelberg, 1910. (Rel. 16539) > F.c. Andreas, Die Babia i.n Persien, Leipzig und Berlin, 1896. (Rel. 25700) > A.J.Wenainok und J.H. Kramers, eds., Handworterbuch des Islam, pp. 69-71, > ?3, Leiden: E.J. Brill, 1941• (S 2 a, Re!.) á ' > Houtsma, Arnold, Basset, Hartmann, eds., Enzy!_tlopaedia de.a I_e~.run, Band I > (A-D), pp. 566-68, 595 1 Leiden: E.J. Brill/Leipzig: Otto Harras~owitz, > 1913. (S 2, Ref.) > Auguat J. Stenstrand, ,Key .to the ~aven .of, the B~J:&D:• A Jhird Call of At~ > ie~t:_;o~dor;)he_ Bahai;_sta or Babis_t.s. ;>f Amer.:..ica, Chicago, 1913. > Rel. 1 7 . > Huseyn Hilmi Isik, The Re]..igion Refor,m~rs_ in Isla"!, pp. 313-316, Istanb\ll.I > Isik Kitahevi, 1970, 6th ed. {Rel. 16570]100) > The librarians I consulted with, particularly the dear lady in the reading > room were more helptul and friendly, and I make a point of mentioning this > because those who spend many hours in libraries know full well that atmos- > phere is very important, and that librarians go a long way to creating the > particular ambiance in which scholars undertake their long hours o! research. > Not only did the reading room librarian help me to locate reference mater- > ials and card catalogues (there are at leaat two distinct systems by which > books and periodicals are catagorized in this library, and, as with all col- > lections, it take• one awhile to become accustomed to nev systems), but she > made aur• that I had the books and periodicals I ordered almost immediately > and that photocopiea were made ot the pages I chose also within áa very short > period ot time--no red tape here. I am so grateful. > VIII. <£~1 > > 1) ~ ~. Ujo Schaefer Languages: Germa~. English. > French > Degreea: LL.n •• Heidelberg Univer- > sity, Faculty of Law, 195?; topic: > 'Die Grundlagen der Verwaltunga- > - > - i,' 1957. > ordnung der Baba' > > Int•rviewt á How does one describe the conver.sa.tiona one has had with > an intellectual of a superior order, with whom one h:1s had the luxury of > spending preoioua parts of ten days, discussions ,:,! tr~n.alation, of review, > ot ''c•laznity'1, of old world order, nev world order, Yi ddiah humour, Ebion- > ite Chri.stianity, German philosophY and theology, classical mus1a 9 the_mya- > tical significance of n11mbera and dates, the work of • nwnber cf Baba' i > scholars, plans •ad hopes for the future? I shall d:. ::ry level best, but > wbatever . I write vill be incomplete, although not diatort•d, tor this re- > pori: hae been carefUlly reviewed by Dr. Schaefer himeelt prior to ita pre- > sent publicatiOD. Let me introduce Dr. Schaefer to - these ot you vho are > not t•miliar with this giant in the field of Baha'i apologetic .scholarship. > Dr. Schaefer ia Senior Public Prosecutor for the Heidelberg region, reapon- > .aible tor prosecuting political crimes .and drUg-delinq,uency, a lav aDd or- > de man to t~ ., core (and me a foraier hippie, yippie, retel to the_corel). > Dr. Schaefer is the author of several books and articles on Baha'i topics. > tllO of whioh have been translated from German into English and published > 'by George Ronald Preest Dái e Mis~.";1:.~r!t!r-;dene _?~!igica~ ( 1968) u ~.e. L.ignt > SA_;;t_eth in f.ar~eaa in 1 NCOlld. expanded ~di t ion ( á1981 ) , u --title f orthcomJ.ng-- in 19~2 • > . 1-Jret Schaefer has been working aa a Dl9mber of the Germa1\ BahJ.'1 Publ.iBh.- > 1.ng Truet for man) 7ea?-s, and moat of the translations ot literature from > English to German have paased through his handa. He is a most careful re- > Yi•wv of ~atione, h•a an extensive knowledge of the Germa n language > .•nd. insiata that only th• higheat (!Uality of translation be publiSbed. > Many ot hia evenings and weekend.a ar• spent going over translations ini- > tially mad•. by: others wi.th hia editorial eye awake to every detail. > 2-Rega.rding . the ''oalami ty••, Dr. Schaefer haa collected considerable in.tor• > mation OJI this subject over th• years, and ve apoke openly about it for > houra, so that these few notea a.re not representative of the discu.asion-- > it would require me a book to convey what áwe shared during those hours. On > the Catholic prophec7 regarding the Popes, he citeá articles :;_!l Le Monde > and Siiddttutsca Z4lit1i.ruz:., on the Polish prophecy mac.'l in 1901 that there > v~u1d be a Poli.ah Pope and that ctnring hie reign thar• would be a catas- > trophe. Also, l-lalachiaa, supposed author of the Ca.tholia prophecy on Popes, > indicated that the present Pope ia the second to laat, who will live in the > time of great tribulation. His Latin name ia,according to the propheC'!" > ''de labor• soli.e11 • which means ''from the solar eclipse''• He also BhO\• > me a book vri.tt~n by Josef Stocker who point• out on what points Cattoll.c > clairvoyaot3 and visionaries agree •nd these include: that the calamity > vi11 origin•t• in the F.aat, it will be sudden and unexpr. : ;;ed, t;.-~ere will be_ > great battles •nd devastation in their wake; moat eay t . ;.ere will be a th.ree- > dAJ-lo:og eclipse of the sun, that if you look out th• vindov you'll die, > that beoaue• of poisoning people wil: !lot be abl• to eat, drink, consume > ! ooclatuffa, that m•ny prieata vill be ..:illed and t.b&t t~e Church will tri.Jllph > alter tbia catutrophe. Dr. Sch.&efel:á q_uoted th• \..ioapel of Matthew 2lt-:22 > to the ef!.ct that ''If th••• da1'a wouldn't be shortened the• would be no > life left 1• , •nd affirmed that this celami tJ' ia probably necessai')' for tb.e > ~1 r II. GEI'~ > > 1)Dr. Udo Schaefer > > Interview: > survival of the human species, for the old system is spoiling and destroy- > ing everything. He has read Ha.1 Lindsay's The Late Great Planet Earth. and > is generally impressed with the close correspondence between the conclu- > sions of this book and those of Catholic visionaries~ and ot these Christ- > ian sources with pilgrim's notes of Bahi•Ia who asked 'Abdu'l-Bahi and á > Shoghi Effendi about the ''calamity'' promised in the Writings of Ba.hi' u' llab. > He pointed out that what is wrong with Mr. Lindsay's book is that he ex- > pecta th.e coming of the new Messiah, the return of Christ at . the end of > thia world-shaking event. According to pilgrim's notes which Dr. Schaefer > has personal.ly perused, Shoghi Effendi is reported to have _said that > the calamity, Comznunism would cease to exist, and that with its decease, > a world commonwealth could come into being such aa baa been impossible aa > long as international Communism was on the offensive and establi$hed in a > number of countries. Shogbi Effendi was quoted by Ruth Moffett as having > said that ''the big cities vi.11 be evaporated-leave t hem'', and Dr. Schaefer > read her notes and listened to her speak when Miea Moffett visited Heidel- > berg on her return troa Haifa in 1954. (Ruth Moffett•s pilgrim notes are > published and tor sale, and are entitled Haifa Notes and available from > > the Bahit'i National Library of Hawaii, 3264 Allan 'Place, Honolulu, Hawaii > 96817, u.s.A.--8o8-595-2?48 tel.) Dr. Schaefer also remembers pilgrim's > notes of 'Abdu'l-Bah& and Shoghi Effendi stating that ~Akki would be as- > sociated with two events of importance: th• first with the coming or the > Messiah, which baa already occured, fulfilled by Bahi'u'llah in 1868, and > the second time with the battle of Armageddon, which ia yet to come. > 3-Dr. Schaefer spoke at length regarding the signs of the collapse of the > old order in German,., ot the anarchism, nihilism and complete lack of moral- > ity and religious or ethical principle ot many young people, the complete > disregard for law and order, this being mostly the case with university > students, the destruction and seizure of public and private property, the > inexorable rise of terroriBl'll, the unwillingness of increasing. numbers to > work, the iMolence and crime, the wrecking of everything that was noble > and refined and praiseworthy !n German culture. He also spoke of' the con- > certed attacks upon th• Bahi'i Faith made by selected Protestant clergymen, > by Mr. Hutten and his follower, Mr. Mildenberger in particular, and the > support given by these individuals through Quell-Verlag, a Protestant pub- > lishing . house located in Stuttgart to the publication of Franceeco Fici- > cchiaa' Der Bahi 1 fsmus Weltreli ion der Zukun!t? Gesehichte Lehre und > !)rganisatioE, i.n_ kri~_ischer An:fra5e,, the recent 1 1 parting ea.lvo of a > bitter Covenant-Breaker. In his most recent letter, Dr. Schaefer charao- > terisea th.is work aa foll.owe: 'a voluminous book which contains a lot ot > errors, misinterpretations, acctisationa and very msl icious, nasty asser- > - > tions. A horrible bookl ' Mr. Ficicchia is an Italian-Swiss who convert- > ed to the Baha'i Faith in Basel, Schweiz (German-speaking Switzerland), > and read Hermann Zimmer'a widely circulated book, translated into English > as A fr8:udu;ten~ _t,estam~nt deva~uee tl'!,e ]3ahai ,religio..I! ('-1/aiblingen, Germaey, > 1973), and then Ruth White's booka upon which Zimmer's was based, and who > challenged th.e authenticity of the Bahi•I Covenant, and kept up his opposi- > tion t hereto notwithstanding all efforts made to get him to face facts and > accept the Covenant ''as is'', until he was expelled from the ra.nk8 of the > believers. (See reports on Mrs. Ureul.a Miihlschlegel and J.f.rs. Gita Steiner- > Kh•msi for details.) .. . - > 4-Dr. Schaefer stated his views regarding ''Bahi•i art'' and ''Bahi' i muaic 11 > and ''Bah& Ir teaching''' and these were entirely original and unimitative, > and for that reason fresh and . forceful. He affirms that none o! the abo~• > > 1)Dr. Udo ~chaefer > > Interview: > exist, that it wi!l take centuries perhaps before a distinctively ana au- > thentically Bahi'i art, music, literature. culture will be manifest. Un- > til then, we would be fools to descr~~e art, mu.sic, literature or theol- > ogy cra.tted by Bahi• fa as ''Bah&' i 1• . '1e is not a c onnoisseur or aficiona- > do of modern art, and does not regard the paintings ot any contemporary > abstract artist vho happens to be a m~ctber ot the Bahi'I religion aa re- > p:resantative of ''Babi' i art''• Nor is he convinc tá ;. that any kind of popu- > lar :nusic (whether or ~ot the composers are Baha•is), or of conver~ed > Christian hymns ( "ith ''Balli' 1tr lyrics) a od reconstituted folk tunes ( i- > - > bid.) can accurately be described as ''BahI' i muaic''--on the contrary, he > discdrns a greater port.ion ot divine jDspiration i~ the symphonic compo- > sitiorus of Gustav Mahl.er. Ludwig Beethoven, Johann Seba.stian Each a.nd > Bruclaier, to name a few masters of classical European music• and particu- > larly in those of Bruckner. But he does not claim that Bruckner is a > - > ''Bahi' i composer 11 1 It ia just this--tl:at while we have no distinctive . > 'Ba.;:&•I•• music, Dr. Schaefer prefers the monumental orchestral "orY...3 of 18th- > 19tb. century E\lropean compoaers. Dr. Sohaefer is 'IUick to point out that > his preferences are personal. Personally he prefers repr~sentat~ve paint- > ing (he enjoy• the Impressionists ger .~rally), classical arohi tecture, > cla.saio&l music (partict1larly Bach and Bruckner) and formal Bab'i'1 lect- > ures tailor-titted to the intellectua:. and cultural configuration of the > audience; tbe occasion and th• knowledge and cat>&city of th• speaker. A• > bove all• Dr. Schaefer is resistant to aJl atte~pta to standardise BahA'i - > behaviour in ways not delineated in the revealed atatementa or in the in- > spired interpietationa ot splendid and prolitic Authors of t:t.i.IJ F.U .th. I > • > quote rq l•st letter tram him.1. •My ide11 ia that ther• are aoa long-cherish- > - - - > ed assertions about th• Bahi'i Faith which are wrongs for iDetance, th• > Baha'i re!_igion bas no t:ieologr, the Baha'i religion hae no cult, •nd in > the Bah&• i religion there ia no interpre~ation of th• revealed word (in > reality: no authoritative interpretation ), the Ba.hi•! religion ia a reli- > - > gion without dogmas, etc.' In the aw letter h• writea, ''Conoerning Ba- > ha'i- th.eologyt Of course ve have a Babi'1 i- theology ae ve bav• tea.chinge > about God, reYelation, the messengers, the human being, hie responsibili- > ty and ao on. These teachings will be dev•loped over the centuries. But > I doubt very much that the Cause of Baha'u'llah vill produce that kindá áot > speculation like Christian theology (with its discussiona likes hc>V ám&D7 > an~els2can sit on a pin-pc.)int). 1 > 5-Dr. Schaefer ia no longer writing about Ebionit~ Chriatianity and its ai- . > - > milaritiea doctrinally to Baha'i teachings, but he cited various sources > useful to th• student of this tield (that is, of comparative religion, or > of Christi•n sources) including: Hana Joachim Schoepa, a Jewish scholar > who vrote on Jevtah Christianity and on Islam; Adolf vou Harnar.ck, Das > Califat des .Jacobus; Jack McLean, 'The Deification of Jesus,• published > in \;?r,l.d P£ Association for th• Study of the Bahi' i Faith. (now entitled Aeso::ia:ion > tor Babi•I Studies)s Christoph.er Buck, 'The Prophet Adam,' and 'Th.a Lost > Cbria!ianity ot Peter,' and other papers. Messrs. McLean and Buck are > ~'i scholars who will be diecusaed in my report on North American Ba- > ri&' i Studies, t\l be released i;: spr , ng 1982. > 6-Speaking briefly of the mye+a1-io1.;. ~ sign.i!icancea of number (also ce1:?- > brated in tha Bani' i Writings), _:.--. Schaefer pointed ou:: that many of t..:• > ~9th century European composers intended to write more than nine symphon- > ies, while most of them wrote only ni"•• 'Th• !ollo~il:lg compose-a vrote > /III. GBRM:t\lff > > 1)Dr. Udo Schaefer > > Interview: > nine symphoniea: Beethoven, Schubert, Bruckner. Mahler, Dvorak. Wagner > did not write symphonies, Strauss wrote 11Sinfonische Dichtungen'', vhich > is somethir..g different. Schumann wrote tour aymphoniea like Br~. > That composers.. > vho .. wrote nine aymphonies intended to write more: there > ,. > are manuscrl.pta 01 011tlines for a tenth symphony from Be•thoven, Bruck- > ner, I..fshler. • Dr • .S chaefer also asserted that Bruckner wrote his •'Te > Deum'' ( 1'To God'') 1n. 1892, and that thia waa his last an1 ninth symphony. > In 1818 1 the year between the bir: .: o! Bahi 1 u•11ah and th• birtn ot the > Bi.b, Beethoven WTote hia laat and .Unth symphon;r • ot vhioh the 1ant move- > ment is his i:iyn•n to Joy, with lyrics vritten by Friedrich. von Schiller, > ' ~~reude achoner Gotterf11nken••• Seid um.schlungen, Mill i c::etn = embraceá 7e, > :iillionsl' ilr'. Schaefer intimated that something other tb•n coincidence > ~accident is: operable in this numerical. determination of symphonies > compoaed. by 19th century composers, that the numoer nine we.a somehow in- > herent in the creative process ot thia century. > - > 7-TJr.-;Schaefer meu'iioned the naJOea of several Baha ' i $Chola.'1'.'s with whom > I waanot familiar, and he vas kind enough to give me their addreeeea and > telepbo!:'• munbera so that I might contact them m~r self. 'rheee included1 > Pet!i; ~ablachlegel ,., hia 1ong-time friend and co-worker !JD the German Ba- > ~' i Pub!ish:ing Trust, author ot many articles on Bahi'i subjects, e~to:r > of Bahi'i-Briet•, and writer of a book of aphorisms baaed upon BaM'i •- > conomio teaching•; D.r. Itiaan lJalabi, Jordanian Bahi 1 I Arabist, compiling > Arabic Realenzyklopaedia based on the reveal~d. vord of God in the Arabio > -- > langl'.age, Dr. Fdlolleh Berdjiat Ba.ha' i his~urian resident in Ki.mchen1 > D'11!i!h Gollmer, •tu Jent of politica'l ecienc• and emplo:Jáe~ o! the Germ•n > B•ha' i. Publisá::iing Truati Huah.und Sabet, author of áner eesE!ltene Himmel, > . (1967)~ átransá~a.t•d an1~ published by Gec rge Ron•ld Presa - ~~"l En~lish u > . The Heavens are Cleft Aminder, 19?5; Schiole Gru.tar an~ Foru.h.ar Khabir- > . pour, whom I wee u:oibl.• to loca.t• vni.l.at in Europe and whom I am eager > tc:> be_iuforMd about. Dr. Schaefer particularly urged. me to visit Dr. > ?!labi,, for whioh,_I •• !tern.ally grat•ftll to h:f m. (See report• on Peter > Mubl~legelt Dr. ijalabi •nd Mr. Sabet in thia aeotion; I waa ~1na.bl• to > "'~itááá with á Ih'". Berdj,_. on account of hie buay aohedule, and vi t:r. Mr. Goll- > .JIU._ Má vu ia the.:proceee of moving trom one acldreea to £.other and so > could not be reached.} > _8-Dr.á: Sohae~&l' vritu me that 'in the tuture I eure17 will write a trea- > t~.•• about the r•lat~onship between law •nd api.rit. The inif-áá mderstanding > of that -relation.ship ta áre.epoaaible for .moat of tlw covenant ...brdkera > ~ike Ruth .White, Zi111ner, Ficicchis, eto.' Thie ia certa!_nl:r good n•va, > u thi.8 probl• vexes virtually a~ l of the Western Babi • ia I have bac:! > the ple•aw-e of spe•king with intimately. I-le continues that •At the mo- > ment I am very occupied by the reviaion of the '!ableta of Bab'i'u'llah, > bT the revision of the h enoh translation, eto. ' > 9-In hi.JI exoeption•l generosity, Dr • .Schaefer permitted m• to mk• pho- > tocopiM of ..-ioua manuacrip-:s, letters and articles in his poAeuion. > Moat o! the• are m•d• available to one •nd all througn my photocop;y ser- > vice, vhioh I ba,,-e •atablished vith all of you in mind, and, I uirur• J'OU:t > with no thought or int~ntion of personal profit. I have .eo piti!ul.l.y lit- > tl• to give you iD recompense for the enormows apiritu.al, intellect,1111 > •nd p)qaio•l rionea -yo11 have bestowed upon ::e. There are a nWllbe:r of rare > booka •"d man11eoripta in Dr. Sch•efer'• privat• library1 I will mention > 0»ly a. veryfew of t .l.eae aa an a.saiat•nc• to those acklolars vho mig~t vieb > to correapond with Dr. Schaefer, or to Yiait rith him and conault the~• > =teri•lal > Page 95 does not exist in original paper > VIII.. GE..1X\NY > > 1)Dr. Udo Schaefer > > Inter"Viev: > Dr. Hermann Grossmann, Dḥ B,tµldnis G.ott~s .in_ d,er ,9ft:,enbarunga-Relig:io.a, > 3aha'i-Graundrisse 1, Baha'f-Verlag, b,rankfurt am }iain, 1956. > Dr. Hermann Grossmann, Umbrucb zur Einl1eit, G?t,t, >tensch ~"lei.. ':lel,t ap d~r > Schwelle einer neuen Ordnung, August Schroder Verlag, Stuttgart, 1947.} > Dr. Gernard Rosenkranz, Die Baha'.f Ein r g_eschichte, Kreuz-Verlag, Stuttgart, !feft 11, Lebenaige ~vissen.scl1aft, > 1§4'9. .• > Dr:. Jakob Eduard Polalt, Persien, ,Das Land u.n PP• 348-53; Zwaiter Theil, pp. 246Ji:7; Leipzig: F .A. Brockhaus, 1865. > -- > 10-Dr. Schaefer related that Dr. Ija.labi ,!1-s;ts written an hi.story of l1t. Carmel > in Arabic, and apparently with Dr. ljalabi as hia source he said tb.a.t the car- > melites !ire a mendicant order of fria~e of Our Lady of lált. Carmel, founded > .. in Syria in 1160 A.D • . He also mentioned that Karl ?~ay, the German novelist > (1842-1912), who wrot~ over 72 novels, published one entitled Im Reiche des > silbernen Lo~en, around 1860, in which ne mentioned the Babis, probably on -- > pages 25-}5. > - > 11-iie spoke ~epeatedl1 of the importance of Ba.liii•is serving their Faith, this > being partic111arly th~ case with believers - who }Ulve accumulated a large store > ot Jmovledge, who are dedicated to Baha'i acholat"ship. •1'hs.t is very impor- > tant, 1 he wrj.tea, 'not only to give publ.ia talks but to teach on eJl.,- occas- > ion one can find at 81.llDDlerschools, conf~rencee, ~eminars, as travel-teacher, > etc~ My idell ia that it is noi: the time' now to l>e Qnly a scholar aitting > at • desk in~estigatillg very ~tty details ot Ball&'i history, etc. That > is the task ()f tuture generations.• > ' > > Pa.~rsz 'Di• Grundlagen der 1~erwa.l.tungsordnung11 der Bah~'l,' Hej.delberg > Universitet, Ph.D. dissertatio~, 1957. > Publicationa1 - - > pie Bapa'i-Relip;!on im Spiege~ c~ietlich~~ Betrachtun5, > Der Nationale Geistige Rs.t der Bab&'I in n.utschland e.v., > Frankturt am Main, April 1960. > pie, Mi~!!6arst~deD:_!, Religiof!, Baba 1 f-Verlag, Frank.turt am > Main, 19 • á > !h• Light.. Shinat}l in Datj Der Bah~' i in deI>; mo.dernen '! felt, Baba' i-Verlag, FrarJkfurt > am Main, 1978, 1st ed.; 1§81, 2cd expanded edition. > R_!tligio~, J<;ir~he-1, S~kte, Ku.:L,t.? Zur r!!.igi9nageechicht1:,ich~l! > Einord.nung der Bah.a' i-Reli5ion.• ,Ba.ha.' i.-Ver1.ag, irank-furt am > Main, 1982 (?) > The authoritative interpretation of the Bahi'i Writings, or ot anything > for that matter ia the interpretation mad• by Be.hi.'u'1.'lah, '~bdu'l..w:?>abJi > and Shoghi Eff!ndi. Any ~terpretation made by an individual Balia•i or > group of B•hS'is or Bah&li institution (other than legislative interpre- > tationa made by the Universal House of Justice, and, under ita supervision > the Nation•! and Local Spirit11al Aasembliea) ia relevant only to that in- > divid1ial, group or i.natitution •nd ie not binding on others. > "2.rhi• > i• a typographical error, but I have left it in the terl because I > find it ch112á11ing •nd original. > ~Dr. Schaeter generousl:J gave me a. cow of th.ia 'tfork bJ hi.a untor. > • 1 sm not yet quite sure which will be the final title.• > VIII. Gl'2-!ANY > > 2)Hans Lange, Director Languages: Germ.an .. Arabic, > Tempe1gesel1achaft in Deut4chland English > freie chriatlicha Gemeindea > Degrees: unknown > > - > . . á !4terview: '!he Tempelgesellechaft ia denominated, in Bab&' i litera- > ture, th-. '' translated in ord•r to preaerve th• meaning of the original German, Te01pel- > ge•l.lr..ebatt. m.ans '''fem:pl.e Soei•t."1''. Dr. Ricbard H.oftmann, Director ofá > the Temple Societ1 Auatralia write• in a latter dated 22 September 19d1, > ''l'he Ter!7J)elgese11.sohaft was lcown as the ''Frienda of Jeruaal.edl'• m.til > 1861. ~n our foundation statement of 18c1 our association vaa c~led > á ''De\.; csob•r Tempe1•• meaning ''German Temple''. Soon after -we ca.l1ed. oureel.vea > ,,''Tempe1Y;esellachaft1' meaning ''Temple Society''•••The :oame waa chosen with re- > . !~•nett to 1-0or.3116-17, Sph.2120-22, 1Pet.2r.5, and other Biblical texta > ot a similar meaning. There ia absolutely no connection with the Order of > tne Knigl1ta TempUr. • The Templars are an ancáient i.rldependent :á_~rder of > Knight• ..moea ch.eck.ced mi itar,-, phil.anthropic and 61Soteric ll~story ci-tee > from the 11th century A.D., and bae long since been detunct, s.lthough the > átitle of the Order, aomevhat moditied, has been adopted by a number of eso- > _.teric sooietiea iJlcluding the intuoua Gr•nd Order of the Knights Templar > Oriental_. founded ia. the 1920. b'f P.l~ia'ter Crowl•T, ttl" gie ian and. aor~•r-er • > .The Temp.tlJ;$8ellschaft, according to its present GerJl28n Direc~or. Hr. IJsna > Lange,• i.5 •n off-l!lhooi.. from the Brudergemeinde, a Protestant pietistic con- > . greptiotl e.etabli-1l•d under Royal Charter in 1819 at KorntaJ., a village > ánear .Stuttgart. 1h••• pieátista believed in the the second. Co11ting at Cbriat, > á áoringic.,; the Kingdom of Goel on earth, e:ḥ..pecti!l8 this to occur in the y11ar > 1836 u ClCCOrdinFJ áto the calculatiol'lS oá:' Johann Albrecht Bengel', the Gdrmsn > scholar •. :The non.-e-Yent compelled tb.em -.:o adjust their faith to the f'aot. > Ho.st. of ~.'tell. did this by returning to the established church doctrines; > oth•r• \f•nt th.•U..á o-w. ~-ya.• Some of tW. d.i.aa•ut.era 'left the -.illa.ge around > . 1844 ..and •tarted some sort of association, according to some accounts, in > .H1d't-5.: Alter 181.a,-.á -.ccordiag to Dr. Hoffmann, bia distiJJguiahed ancestor, > .Cuiatop11áHolfmamt,- a son ot the founder of Korn.ta.l himself',•proposed that > .tn.:propn- ~ to 0.tter conditions of living vas the Biblical Va:t of > ear~ CbriatiNl congregations,. i.e. to form, independently of state and > ••r:t > church, aPMll, e.,.il.T surveyed, self-administering Christian bodiea, and > , to aet up such co!lllunitiea in the Holy La11d, then a province of the a_pparent- > :cy- soon eolla.pat.ng -Ottoman regime, firstly to make th• co11ntry more vortb1" > i.u. a. \'t\a.te-r-i.al. h'UM o! ite Cbriat.iait h•ri.tage, and aeconcU~ a1.ao to gi'V'• > example to others, there and elaewh•re, to cooperate for their mutual good > under th• in.epiration of Christian J11otivea. '?his group bec•me known u > the 1Tri•Dda ot J•nJ•lem",' whieh ~empelgea•llachatt literature in German > language indicated u being tounded in 18'.5, •then •• tn• ''Germ•n 'rerap1•1' > and soon aftervard.9 •• the ''Temple Society••. á It tried to enlist the > ano• of the Gern-ea government for its project, but in vain. The Catholio > •••iat- > and Pr-::>teat•nt ohuroh•• retu.d h•lf mainly tor dogmatic reuona. In th• > end the Society had to go it alone. In 1868, Christoph Hoffmann a.nd G. > n. Hed•gg, l.ef'\ far Pal.e-ine vi.th thei.r fdili••• four wl.1 'femp1w > . •ttlemente were e•t•bliehed ou after the other under great initial herd- > .á . •hip at S.i.ta, Jaffa. Jaroaa and Jarueal•; tvo hr'Cher zsettle•nt• at tlil• > ,helma •nd Beth.le~• followd amoh. Iat•r; variou Templer• had .eettled at > H•ureth, Tib•rill•, in the plaia ot A.ere, and el•ewh•r•. The ntt1era r• 1 > • > > . t•ined their 0.1 11•D lenguap 1 cuetOllSt and n•tionalit7 9 both ut1.der t~e Ot• > VIII. GERl.fANY > > 2)Hans I.ange > > Interview: > toman regime and the British Mandate.' I think it essential that I point > out that the Templers, members of the Tempelgesellachaft, were for all in- > tensive purposes Unitarians, regarding Jesus Christ as a man, an inspired > and divinely guided man, a prophet, not a.a the incarnate Son of God or God > Himself, and that they moved to Palestine ready and willing to live with > people ot various faiths without trying to convert them to the Temple Soc- > iety' a brand of practical Christianity. Dr. Hoffmann writes that •Mr. G.D. > Hardegg was the leading Templer personality at Haifa.• In 18?1 he received > - > word that a group of Persians waa resident in 'Akka, and he requested an > audience vith Babi.'u'llah, the reputed chief ot this group of eruigres. He > was denied this request but met 'Abdu'l-Bahi., eldest son ot Bllha•u'llah, > - > and it is apparently trom 1871 that the relationship between the Tempel- > gesellschaft and the Bahi •is ot 'Akki and Haifa became established. This > Society has been, since its inception, Unitarian and humanitarian and not > Adventist. Dr. Hoffmann writes, 1 Te~plers are not connected with the Seventh > Day Adventists.•á The leadership !_mputed to a certain Leonard Kelber in Ba- > - > ha'i literature--written by Baha'i believers, not from authoritative sources > as far a.s I know- ae well as the claim that the Templers are Adventists and > emigrated to Haifa ill order to await the coming of the Lord ''in the glory > ot the Father'' at the foot ot Mt. Carmel seems to be mistaken. This is > - > certainly a scenario plea.sing to Bahi 1 is• but it seems to be untoun.d ed, in > short, it proves to be fictional. Dr. Hoffmann vrites, 'I cannot identify > ''Leonard Kelber''• There was a Mr. Fritz Keller. Keller and Kelber might > be one and. th• same, but Fritz and Leonard are certainly indicating differ- > ent persons.• _Dr. Hoffmann kindly offered to help me find Mr. Keller. As > fer .. . , I fo1md on1y one trace-I discovered that a Leonardá Kelber had writ- > ten a book published in Stuttgart in 1844, but I could not locate a copy ot > the book• and I don't think I was even able to !ind the title! I certainly > can't find it right now. If any ot my read.era simply do not believe my ver- > sion ot this story. I invite you to begin by locating Mr. Keller, then pro- > ceed to read Christoff Hof'fmann's Oceident und Orient, published in 1875, > the definitive statement of Temple Society theology, and see if you can > find anything even faintly Adventist in thie thoroughly Unitarian text. A > copy of thia work has been deposited in the Afnin Library, in care of Dr. > Koojan l•tomen, along with introductory and historical literature given me > by Mr. Lange. When I asked Mr. Lange wey ''Der Herr i.Bt t{ahe'' was inscribed > in the door lintels ot the Haifa settlers, he explained that many ot the á > Templers inscribed such Biblical phrases over their front doors, and that, > in an:y case, it was their conviction that wherever there are godly men and > women living a life of service to each other and to their neighbors, there > ''Der Herr ist Nahe''. After al 1, didn • t Chri.tSt say that ''wherever two or > t1ore of you gather in my name, there am It•? > Now to tell the story ot my meeting with l1r. Lange, as it may amuse some ot > you. On April. 51 1981, a Sunday afternoon, after attending a Christian com- > munity (Rudolf Steiner, Anthroposophical Society) m.orning service in a la- > vender and pink chapel, a tx-iend and ! wandered over to the Tempelgeaell- > schaft in Stuttgart, a pleasant tram ride and vaJk away. Mr. Lange was > introduced to ua after we had listened to the last fifteen minutes of the > SUll with pleasure. My friend and I were rather mystified tor we had imagined > that the 'remplara would be an esoteric society, and we were all geared up > tor diacussiona of a peculiar sort, while we found ourselves in the midat > of _a collection of elderly, vell-dreesedt gentle, warm, soft-spoken, straight- > forward German burghers, without ~ pretension.a to hidden knowledge, or to > • > VIII. GER?1ANY > > 2)I!ans Lange > Interview: > special prerogatives and powers. We were disappointed and relieved at the > same time. Right then and there both myself and my friend were made to feel > at home, questioned gently but with genuine eagerness as to our philosophies > and vocations, and assisted solicitously in our first attempts to demyati• > fy the Tempelgesellschaft and find ourselves on some firm footing. Mr. Lange > showed me several articles and books, and invited me to return in a couple > of days when he could be properly prepared to talk with me for as long aa > I might require, as well as to supply me with whatever documents I needed. > Upon my return, on a Tuesday morning, Mr. Lange told me something of his > boyhood days in Haifa. At that time, in the teens of this century (Mr. Lange > is a septuagenarian), only 2% ot the Haifa population were Jewish--Dr. Hoff- > mann differs with Mr. Lange on this point, writing that •2% ot Jews in the > teens of the century in. Haifa appears to me too low. When you are next in > Israel you can find exact numbers in the Haifa archives, I think.' How de- > lightful, hotJ kind of his to assume that I have already been in Haifa and > th.at I will surely be in Haifa in the near tuture!--and over 9C7J6 were Arabs. > He remembers that there were some Orthodox Jews in Haifa at the time. The > Ottoman government was notoriously negligent in supplying public services-- > there was no reliable water supply, and so hygienic conditions were general- > ly deplorable. The German Templers brought with them som• degree of techni- > cal competence and some trappings of material ci~ilization from back home, > so they" were able to be of assistance to their neighbors. They were pioneers > having much in common with other coa1n1unitiea ot Germans who settled in Amer- > ica during the same period. Their aim waa to help their neighbor.es and to > provide an example of Christian behaviour. The structure of the Tempelge- > sellsehaft colonf was somewhat like that of a modern-daJ Israeli kibbutz: > membera could hold private property but each gave what he could, each sacri- > ficed for the community as a whole, for the establishment of a school, com- > munity hall, and other community facilities. Their theology waa basically > Unitarian and humanitarian, as pointed out before; Mr. Lange remarked that > at one time there were four varieties of Unitarianism situated in Haifa: > Orthodox Jews, German Christiana, Muslims and Babi•Isl Aa a child, Mr. Lange > recall.a the visits of 'Abdu'l-Bahi to the colony, of the tall man dressed in > robe and turban vith a long beard who gave coins to each of the children, who > loved all the children. Besides this he remembers nothing about the Bahi•Ie. > He also remarked that the Carmelites had a monastery on Mt. Carmel. > - > Mr. Lange was most eager to be of assistance to Bah.& 1 i scholars interested > in studying the connection between Baha 1is and Templ&ra in Haifa (and else- > where), and he has proven himself to be a man ot his word. In 1978-8<> he > corresponded wi~h William Collins, head librarian of the World Centre-Libra~ > ry of the Bahi'i Faith, and at the request of l-lr. Collins the Library was > sent copies of the following publications: Beilhars Chronik; Alex Carmel, Die > Si~4,lupg!!n._der wilrtt_embersischen Te9ler ip Pai!i;ti.n~ 18b8'~1,2.18; ''Denen, die > una vorangega.ngen Sind, zum bedenken, 11 Deutsch FriedhSfe Haifa und Jerusa- > lel!l; Karl Bitzer, •1Ruckschau ins Gelobte Land''; ''Wenn's aua blanem I1jmmel > regnet'1 ; G.D.Hardegg, ''Kurzer Abriea der Geschichte eine Sekte unter den Mu- > hamedanern in Persien1'' No.29, 20 July 18?1, pp. 113-14; ''Die Sekte der Ba- > bi in Pereien,~ No. 48, 30 November 1871 1 PP• 191-92, SUddeutache Warte ••• > (Tempelgesell.Scb.aft) I ''Memories of Haifa and the Baha'i in the past and > now,•• #385, ~ 19?9, Tpe Te;upler Re~ord 1 Temple Society. Australia. > What follows ia a listing ot materials for the study of the German Templers > in Haifa (and elsewhere), which may make mention of some sort of contact > between the Templera •Dd the Ba.ha 1 fs; this liet is compiled from tour sources: > From' the Archives of the Teinpelgesellechatt in Stuttgart 9 generously sh.own > to me by dear Hr. Lange; trom the Landeabibliotek in Stuttgart; from the > VIII. GE.:?á!A4"1Y > > 2)Hana Lange > > !ntervie•o11: > Staatsbibliotek in Stuttgart; trom the footnotes and appendices and texts > of Dr. Alex Carmel (these do not include the above-mentioned materials 9 > copies of which are kept in the World Centre Library): > ''ffachricht au3 Palastina, '' #26, 29 June 1871, p. 101, Surideutache ~á/arte ('r) > ''llaehrieht aus Pala.stina, '' #12, 21 ?fareh 1872, p. 46, ~ud.:ieutscte á.la.rte (T) > ''Die de11tsche Pals.stinapolitik 1871-1911t., '' J'~hrbueh d.es !r.stituts fur > 0eutsche Gese~ic~te, Band IV, 1975, pp. 205-55, Dr. Alex Car~el. (L) > Pa;~:..;.:.r-.a. A:arabiel!_ ,~.:id .3yrien, Karl Grober, PP• 190-99, Berlin-Zwáich, > 1925. (T) > 1'-!f_Sasa ot I!.,~i.f,!1 ,9ity ..o.f.. C~mel, Reuben Hecht, pp. 69-87, Haifa, > 1968• (T) > !3ibla wavs in Bible lands, M. Holbach, PP• 4-t., London, 1912. (T) > JPJ:v~~eletá r/;5, 1S'85r?P:-221-29), cited p. 138, Carmel, Ge,sch,!.ch.te • .!. (?) > Ge~chJ.:_c~.te ljaif'~ in d.e.r, t~~isc.hen ~t?it. 1,,516-:.1218, pp. 22-30, 1~-~ 1 (L) > C:c. Alex Carmel. > Ist die Bibel die ~11elle der Gotteserkenntis, Christian Rohrer, c. 1930.(T) > ,!!a.l;istina-Ch;ro~i:.__1'" 5,3 ,bis _1 ~. Ulm, 197v 1 Dr. Alex Carmel. (L) > ~ḥ1 ~~l-u-J.t}U!.d~r~.. d.e11t.~_9h«!r kat,o+j.s~h;•r P!J.Q:stin~!1Ji.ai:-io!1 ( ~~2já1222~-' ( ) > Kohn, 1956. Valmar Cramer. L > Remi.ttiscenees o! Mr.a. Finn, > ..,_ u tm • r " - t • i > • > London/Edinburgh, n.d., Elisabeth Anne Finn.{?) > p~tse:,_:i~ Ev!£.,6!lisct..e. ~~l:.iiat"Yl~issipn, Erlangen, 1971, Sieg.fried ( ) > l~anselmann. L > ~e ~si~-Pr~..senc4!. ,in, ~;ytia an Derek Hopwood. (?) > British Interests in Palestine 1800-1901, Oxford, 1961~ A.L.Tibawi. (?) > Do!i.upten1;~":( !1B;ter_i.al in J\_ust!i.8:,n ,!Jlg qerr1'Jlll ..Arel!ive~ f~l~tihg t~ > ,?..~l~st,i;ne _duriJ!6 .th!, P;!riod. o.f_ Ott9r.u;tn ,_i.~l.!,, Hebrew University, > 1975 1 Dr. Alex Carmel. . (L) > 'l'he German Set~~ers in Palestine and their relations with the local > Arab ..Oo..2:ilation áand-the- jeWi.8h c"Ommuni1;y á1868-1"918; Iiebrew > > w I > > !rniversity, 19?5, Dr. Alex Carmel. ,2 iJl German; 1 in English) (L) > pie Ges~hichte d~s TemJ2!1s, Stuttgart, 1899, Frie-:trich Lange. (L) > I paid a quick visit to the Briidergemeinde in Korntal one morning, and the > director of that community, that congregation, who could not speak a word > of Eng1i.sh, nor I a word o! German, recommended that I read the following > book to receive an accurate historical aeeount of t~eir society: > Die Evann-elische Bride -emeinde Korntal, WurtteJDburg, 1964, Fritz > Gr12nsweig. Staatsbibliotek: A J14o) > > T =Tempelgesselschaft. > L = Landeabibliotek. > = > ? Location unknown. > I want to take this opportunity to thank Dr. t~oaien for aalcing me to visit > the Tempelgesselsohaft in Stuttgart on his bebal f, l~. 1-~nge for extending > his hospitality and offering his assi:itanee, and Dr. Hof!:nann for writing > me to correct and amer-.d the text of tl::!.a report, and offer .:.ng to answer > any further questions I might ha..re. 1\t the written request of Dr. Momen, > Hr. Lange sent va::-ious pieces of litera~"..ll"e regardini';' tl-;e !l'emplers to be > entered into the Afnin Library, and onl.Y Dr. :..fornen. would be in possession > ot the complete list of materials he has ~ollected for his research on Pa- > lestine during the lifetime of Bahi'u'llah, and His residence in 'Akka and > Haifa anái thereabouts from 1868 until 1892. > VIII. GERMANY > > 3)Huechmand Sabet Languages: Persian, English, > German > Degreeai unknown > > Interview: Kr. Sabet ia a very busy buainesemant with two enormows > warehouses in Stuttgart and Koln, and aa Treaaurer of the National Spirit~ > 11al Assembly ot the Bahi'ia of Germany far around twenty years.. He ia not > writing at preaent and ha.a no present plans to do so, nor doea he regard > himself •• a Btha'i-- scholar. Nevertheless, Mr. Sabet waa moet helpful to > me, ansv•ring all ot my questiona iA detail, entertaining me at hia place > ot buaineaa, bringing me to lunch, and inviting me to his lovely home on > Robert-Bosch-Straese, on one of the bills overlooking downtown_Stuttgart, > tor a reception in honor of Dr. H•shmat Laaly, a Persian Babi'i and profea- > 8or now resident in Canada and tormerly a student for many years at the U- > niversity of Stuttgart. _Altogether, especially in view of hie pressing bus- > inese coaitmente, Mr. Sabet epent much more time with m.e than mere polite- > ness. would have dictated aod I am moat gratetu1 tor this. The i'ollowing > account ia baaed upon our converaationa and was reviewed by Mr. Sabet pre- > vious to ite present publication, vith hill making a tev corrections her• > and there. > Regarding sources- for th• atu~ of Germen Babi'l history, Mr. Sab•t- stated > that the diariea of Alice Schwa.rs, one ot the earliest German Baha'is and > a resident of Stuttgart are preserved in the Nation•l Bahi'I Archives in > Langenbain (aee report) which are not 1•t organized and so tinanilable tor > the uee of eoholare. Mr. Sabet asked that someone like m:rself •who knova > - > the value of Baha'i archives end how to organize them ao that they can b• > uaeful. to eohol•r•, work with a Germen Bab&'l to bring aome order to this > large reservoir of •terial. Bertha Bop, the mother of Annalisa Bop, Con- > tinental Co11naellor and member of th• Internation•l Teaching Centre in Hai- > fa, and Bruno Bauer, also one of the tirat Germen Balii•Is, both live in •n > old peopl•'• home in Stuttgartt and Mr. Sabet agreed with me that they > should be interview•d on tape before they p es to the next world, but that > > •ith•r a translator would be neceue,.,.- (in my case) or the interviewer > w.uld have to b• nuent in Ger-n. Both Mrs. Bop and Mr. Bauer met 'Abdu'l- > Bahi when he vaa in Stuttgart in 1911, an.d ~ have recei vecl Tablets from > Bia and from Shoghi Effendi. The Stuttgart Bah.A' -i Library, vhich undoubt- > •dlf b•• valuable documents ia it• collection, ia preeerved in the Schveit• > zer hou•• 1 whoe• caretaker ie Hra. Komorik (879058). For permiaeion to uae > thia Library, pleaise telephone or write th• Secretarr of the Stuttgart r&, > whoa. Jl.Ulllber (at present) ta 68148<>. > . Mr. Sabet explained that 3er•ane do not bUf book.a, that bo of atanding 1 ot excellen'l" reputation even are selling fever and fewer cop- > i••t that it ia i.mpoeaib.:. . ~ to sell Baha'i literature in book.etorea beca11ee > it coate more to mflrket such uteriala in thia way th•.n to give them &wafl > Right now German publishers are losing money on publishing q11•lit7 booka, > making money aelli11g pornography, thrillers, pop literature. He aaye Ger- > roans are spending their mon.,- on poaaeaaiona •nd on alcohol, ánot booka. > Baha•ie don't sell book.a, they gin the• away. Beaidea thia, tr•na!ation > ot B•bi1 1 texta into Genun ia a difficult challe~ for this Bahi'i com- > anmity beoawse their •tandardll are very high, they want th• very beat •nd > thie take• time and expertise. He •eked that I recommend the n•mea of > tr•nalatora end r•Yib•r• vho live outaid• of G•rn!A:PJ. and vho flJA7 be qu•l- > itiecl to•••iat ill thi• difficult vork. (AJJ7 Yolunt••r•? Or will I have > to fi1J•b you out?) Asked bi• opinion of what topic• B•ha•I acholar• should > addreu th91118elv•• to, Mr. Sabet stipulated that in the composition of hi.a > VIII. GE~«NY > > J,, á .:schmanc1 Sao et > > Ir..tervievt > book, n,r_$8!JJ?'!.~!!Pe Himme\ (196?), translated aa The Heaarens are Cleft > Asunder, 1975, he án-ot9 aa a merchant rather than a scho.Lar. In the > 19~1s he made a series of lectures, ;.1hich ;-,_ ~ waa urged t (:: vork into a > book. •In thia book .b.e brought togeth~ár- what he thinks the Westerner' > (and partict1larly the German)' ehould 1' ~ov about the world, ~bout Chriat- > ianity, and the Baha'i teachings. Aa _1.ir teaching ot unity ot religioll6 > can be misinterpreted by some people, '''no say, •'Ok~, we will try to be > true and real Christiana, •••(he include;i) 'the chapters about Christiar.i- > t~, t,, snow why re15tauration ia impossible. 1 He thought about what people > e:oc...t1d him a]rea~ were familiar vith and what they do not understand > i4 O!"der to bridge the path from i~noran~• to knowledge ot the Bahi 1 I > Faith. Mr. Sabet stated that scholars have the opportunity and the ca- > pacity to sense the ten.or of sooiety, ~á : 9 pulse, the ebb and flow, and > that they should. write in order to convey !acts which are suitable to > that tenor. Theá normal reader agrees vith you from the start, so say > it right and they vill agree to the end. Don't ask questions, provide > ta.eta because facts are universallv acceptable and not controversial. > He doea not thini~ that there are a:-4á:- ;>ar:icular topics á.1hich are more > important than others and he says t . á: á. á_,e need writers ~o write in all > different aorta of styles and on all questions, that they must be free > to write aa they viab, that there can never be enough pampheta and cook.a, > á and that ve need a multitude of introductory books on the Bahii'i Faith > to chooseá from rather than jwst bav!.n.;.~ one or two alterDatives. :-Ie en- > courage• theá writing ot Ba.ha' { liters:cure of all kinds, says that reviev > of text. vritten by Bah&'f authore can be a problem, that. censorship ia > harmful, that encouragement is neaded nov, not suppression. E~ suggested > áthat a group of scholars review bc'Jks, in manuscript before t :1.ey are sent > - > to the variows Publishing Trusts and Reviewing Committees for cc~sidera- > tion. W'nen asked what the priorities of the Bah&' i scholar anci Bahi' i - > coa1m11nity are at present, Mr. Sabet stated hia viev that Baba' i scholars > c•n have a large infiuence on Babi 1 f oomnunitiea, a big :-:and in the Third > World, and that he has experienced this t ::ááom hie own travel.sJ that there > ia eo much peeaimia• in the soul of the European that they are not reoep- > tive to new truths but that this ie not true of the Third World peoples. > He suggested that ••ery European and American Baha'i travel-teach in th• > Third World, eepecial1y the scholars, for . they will be much encouraged > by what t. ': ey experience there, t ::at they will have a nev perspective on. > the Faith when they return. What does the world moat need to heL:á from > the Bahi• is? Not the Bab••i social, economic and politica1 poeiti,'."áOS á > - > these are the f.ruita of a long period ot evolution and of Bahil'i Civili- > sation, the work ot the seventh g9neration, not ot the first. (May I re- > mark that i f w are among the first ~!neratio11 of Ber...i' Ia, and now •P- > proaching the 140th year ot the Baha á . ._ Era 1 when will the seventh genera- > tion eozne into being? In the year 840 Badi 1 ? Perhaps .-ir. Sabet vill be > proved correot but that seems a very lr.>ng vay a~ tu mel) Bab.a•la muat > teach the , apirit,1al principles now, they l!lWlt not be c!feril4; a_2Cial pro• > gr•ma but reaping soul.a. It ia im:;>oaeible to establiab a ~ha'i buainese > at thia tim•--Hr. Sabet baa seen variows attempts m•de, 1!.:.:d all have tail- > ecl•--4?" : if Bebi•1.a focws th9ir ene-:- :.~ on thi!:t eart ot p:-ojeot thsy muat > teaching and prool.aJU.tion. Every 1:id.ivid11aJ in. ~ia choaeu pro- _ > nag-.a~;; > f•••ion ahould. endeavour to menifeat Behi'{ prinaipl.ea in bi• work. B•hi 1 i > buin•• im !Id a eel.f-oontained system, it can not áextat in a non-Bahi''l > VIII. GERMANY > > 3)Huschmand Sabet > Interviews > world. When ••lced about the possibility ot sponsorship •nd patronage ot > scholarly work, of artiate ud other creative professions within the Ba- > - > lii.' i community, Hr. Sabet eaid that this should be proposed to the Gerun > NSA., that it should be operated entirely within. the pale of the Bahi 11 Ad- > ministrative Order, tor otherviae it could be dangerous and harm.fu1 to tu > Babi'I community, that ia if it were to grow independent of the community > •• a whole. Pirat the acholers ahould come out with some well-defined > •ad caretul~-conaidered propoeala and then subm~t theae to the German > NSA. When we dieouMed the prospect ot reviYiDg travel-teaching in Eur- > ope, Mr. Sabet said that thi.e vill take place only under the following con- > ditionaa 1. It the speaker ia a fiuent speaker of Ger••n or it he or she > baa a o~tent átranslator so a.a to be well understoodJ 2. If the speaker > un~rst•nda . th9 . German mentality •nd epea.ks to it--in Europe audiences > van\ r.iohne• of QOnoeption and langl:a.age, they want to be introduced to > á. Xl.....trutha, not , jqt made to . tee1 good aa i.n the Uni~ed States; 3• If h• > .or an• b,., .. good.. Cl\Jtlitie• ae a person and u a Bahi' i teaoher, for other- > 'f].se. th• .. '~aeeker-.á vill not return to learn more about the Faith: they > > áa.i-e . alr.ea~ ..'bua:ri. •ad c•n't afford to waste their time. When asked about > tha poaaibil i tJ' of. holding conferences tor Bab'i' f studies in Europe, Mr. > Sa~et: aaicl tba• ,á 1f:áá q'3&].ified lecturers with adequate training and academic > ~ding .OQ . b' á_?;~oaaaended to the NSA. of Ge~ there . ia a poeaibilit7 > of some conferencea being organized. > In bis home. Hr• . Sabet. h•• 'altogether fifteen original Tablets of Bahi'u'- > llah, tourteea iQ t• handwriting of secretariea and one ia written in the > .h•ndá ,:11. Bahi~\\. 1 11-a , .Himael.f.' Thie last of the aet is addressed to Kuvaq- > q~-Dawlih•: tu father of Hand of the Cause H.M. ~1 1 and ia beauti- > ~q :illwai1"8t-4, :•nd he purchased this Tablet from some non~Babi)Ie liv-á > iDg in. Israel and quite recently. > > ~blioatiotml.'/ ~r" es:e!.ltene I{j.m~el, Stuttgart: Verum Verlag, 1967• . > Th• Heavens are Cleft A.sunder, Oxfords George Rona:1d, , á1 975, > Englin tramslation ot firat book. á > J"ar..g;1age3: Per:.;i.an, Turki3h, > Italian, Engl:~~, GerTBn, > ~árenc!1 > Degreds: Ph.D. in Elect :á :_ cal > Enginee~ing, Univt~sity jf > Stuttg=:i:-t > > Interview: Dr. A.§....hri! and I -::;::t at an evening :~atheri.:.1g hosted by á > !áir. Sabet on April 6, 1961, in hone : of Dr. tlesh.mat \we met aP,ain at the University of .S tuttgart and sp~: . m aftarnoon talking > together. }tost of the time ve spent conversing was devoted to we ~ld soc- > ial and economic problems and the solutions proposed ~or these pr~clems > by Islar.tic and Baha'i writings. Recec~ly Dr! Ao}raf .'.'las read Nagju~_al~ > 3ali.'i!: ( .>, > 1,:-á'.J-'! .... !....~ ái ttributed :o 'Ali Ibn Abi Talib (~<á, _,,_l .J--) > by Persians traditional!::- . and he askc;d me to find 011t from profcl ~Z or A- á > lessandro Bausani, whom 1-:.e knew from previous residence_in Italy, which is > the best copy of this work as well as sources for Bahi•i views on econo~. > (See response of' Dr. Ba11sani in his report, Italy.) Dr. Il).Ban !:{alabf, whom > I interviewed subsequently, in Bad-:'i;rgentheim, has a copy of this work a- > long with a twenty volume commenta.r:r on it, both of them i~ Arabic,_ and he > regard.a r~!hjul al-B,!114 •;, as the m'1st i.'1!"Dartant work ot 'Ali Ibn Abi ~alib, > whom he looks upon as the •grandfather o f scientists and interpreters in > Islam•, this b ther Dr. ijalabi nor Dr • .i3auaani co~1ld recommend one edition of the _book > over B:,nothe::-. 1 However, both of th~se Arabists cited Risilih !l,~á~.:1niyyih > ( j,1l~ á>° ~ ~J ) , by 'Abdu' 1-Ba.hi, dated 1875, as the major source !or > Baha'i pers!)ectives on political and social economy. Thia book ~.as trans- > lated as The .t-1ystt?rious t:,oree.~ of. ~~ i~;.áilization in 1910, by ~ohanri.a Dawd, > and as The Secret ot Divine Civilization in 1957, by Marzieh Gail. Dr. > Dariuah Ma':uiit of Perchtoldsdor~, Austria copie~ ovgr 30 pages of extracts > fr~m ~aha'i Scriptures on the subject o! Economy, ~ 11 in Persia, and these > will I will make available upon demand. Dr. A§_hrat :.ientioned a ::á:-iend of > his, a Zoroastrian Persian, with Ph.D. in economics who would li..á=:e to study > ~á i economy from or~ginal Persian and Arabic so~.l!"~ea. Her nBl!l Rul].iyyih Riizbeni, and she is currently at the Univeruity ot Hei: ..d..i.oerg, > Werderstrasse 36, Heidelberg; he asked that materials be sent directly to > her at . this address. Dr~ á A~if and IE. RUzbehi we ~á '! sent invitations to > rri:f June conference on Bahi.1 I Economy at Gourville, £ranee (see report), but > did not respond. ~Jevertheleas, i ! a.."'ly of ,-ou have material other tna.'1 that > mentioned above pertaining to B,i1Ja' i Economy 1 ple~-= . contact Dr. Riiz :-«~.ai > or myself (as I will forward materi~l to her, and a l so I am compi:ing a > collection of literature on the sutiect for use in an up..coming ~~nference). > Dr. Aehrif and I conceived the id~a of a conference on Bahi.•i Economy--to > -which he could not attend-and sooe of the issues ,.. e hoped to bring tlp for > discussion included the following: All the social, political, economic > and religious questions which confront the student of ec~nomics and of e- > conomy, every b~ :ainessman, every administrator, accounta.nt, 2.a.:.,: rer, poli- > tician, every ~: Jusewife, and, most importantly, every working ~an and ~O­ > man ( proletar:.ans and peasants to u.se -che out~oded technical vccat :~lar~r), > such as: ~4a.rxism, socialism, cooperativi.3.r.i, capitalism, fascism, revolution, > reform, ~iberalism, conservatism, bourgeoisie, proletariat, pea3alltry,_ > aristocracy, inflation, ~mployment and unem~lo::""?lent, recession. iná: iustrial > slavery, wage slavery, 11nions, strikea, stock c:u-kets, curr á~ :"1c á~ es, to name > but a very few--to discuss Baha'i teachings as they relate to all Jf the > above. Dr. Ashraf was particularly keen that we discuss the gap ábetween > theory and practice, in all of the above systems and within the Bana. 1 [ com- > VIII. GERMANY > > 4-)Dr. Farshid Ashraf > > Inte11views > ~ity. He pointed out that economic disparity, the extremes of- wealth > and poverty, besides being unequitable, engender d.i.sunity--bad feelings > and poor relations between people. Dr. A§.brat and I discussed the theor- > y of religion aa spiritual revolution, and of this revolution aa perpe~- á > tual (we are not Trotskyite Bahi•Ial), as a etate of permanent change, > of continuows movement, inexorable, clockli.ke, that no moment can be > frozen, preserved as is. We spoke of some of the waya that the econo- > mic implications of the Bahi: 1 I spiritual revolution can come into focua > and __be rea1ized more fully, and Dr. A!_hri.t agreed that we must encourage > sharing and kiDdness, that we shou1d not make people unhappy tor this > is no solution, and that if blame must be placed, activities rather than > individuals should come in for the criticism. He and I found that we > both felt that th• battle against injustice and ignorance must no longer > :be áfought ..onlyá within our own so11la through desperate self-destructive > guilt and,ádenial. and aelt-imolation but that it ahould be brought out > into th• .open, .ah•red with others, and that instead the spiritual power > of truth and faith should be channeled into •meliorating the living con- > ditiorus of th•á vast mass of mankind, for spiritual potency ia far more > powerful. and etticacioua than &n:f materi•l f'oree, and a spiritual revo• > lutionar1 JllOVement far more compelling than any materialist movement. > For those of you who are alarmed by this kind of t•lk, let me assure you > that it ie onlyá talk, and that we are not proposing that Babi•ia group > together and force their ideas on other people, or establish armies ot > . epirit12•l á liberation, or anything political or economic, not at all. We . > are auggeatingá.á. tbat Beba 1 ia rethink their preconceived notions of Econo- > mio order and law, and open their minds •nd hearts to th• spiritual and > eooial needa of. humankind and to the spiritual and social principlea of > the Ba.bi.'{ Faith, which explain hov these needs may be fulfilled. > á á Aa Dr. A!brif'a entire interest seemed to be abeorbed b1 current events > . •nd social problems, we did not speak of a Babi 1 i Studies Aaeeoiation, > nor an Encxclo:ea~ia. Babi•I. > > 5)Dr:. Itaan IJalabf LaJlu""UB.ges: Arabic, German, Eng- > Klingen\'t'eg 6 lish, Persian, French > Bad-Mergentheim > Degrees: r~. D. > 6990-Stuppach > (07931-43284) > Interview: Report held over until next edition for corrections. > VIII. GEl~"'iY > > .. > 6 )Peter . ~uh ls .~gel . an~ages: G erma~, English, > • > ~r~nch, Persian > .!.)agrees: Di.pl.-\/oL"-':sv. i!l Econo- > •• > mica, Universitv of Tubingen > > Intervieá,w: ~1r • ..:\nd t{rs. Muhlschleg&._ most kindly received :ne into > their converted schoolhouse count~y horn~ in the Odenwald for a couple of > .f ays in the third '.tie~ ~<. .Jf April 1á)81. á..i iven the mu1titude of ~...:-. MUhl- > sChege! 's interests a~d my endles3 penc ~ant for qudstioning, my fathom- > less curiosity, t-1e t::lked of at l~aat one hundred topics outsi :.~ ? of the > perameters of' Bar.a' i litudies. He ha.3 -.1 t~emendous and contagiot;.s enthu- > siasm for :Jerman and Roman history, :.u_d for German literatu.:-e, an.i this > pride in his á á11eland, in his natiá;~ 'c1..0lture is not the least l,it ethno- > centric, but rather fully compatible with his broad and coscopclitan uni- > versalism. ~ere f ollav sor.e of the topics we discussed: > 1-Ernut J ieselt son of Rudolf Diesel, the inventer and himself a philoso- > pher, designed a diagram of the prog-r-~ss > • •• > of scie~ce and especially of > teehno~c~ical invention, and :1r. Muh~~~hlegel recalls that the t"Urning > point in this graph, of this curve, ~s t~e year 1844. He coulJ not re- > call where he saw this diagram. . > 2-The Arabic word !or 1 'Economice'' means ''Oecumenics'' { '--->~~ ), and he > - - > recommended that Bab.a' is uae the terms of the Barui' i '#ritings, the ori- > - > ginal Arabic and Persian vocabulary in discussing Bah&' i ''Economy''• He > suggested that I find out whether 'Abdu': -3ahi. used : l_,._ij..J ~ in speaking > and writing to '1ahi' Is in the United States on the subject of ''Economy''• > 3-'rr. e world wi:!.l not be ready to adopt a .'3ahi' f-inspired econoruic 31s-cem > for two or three generations at least (Mr. Sabet pre~icts that aix more > ágenerations are needed.). > 4-Bahi•I Economy is founded upon pur~cy, nonviol~nce and solidarity. A- > dam Smith, who was a philosopher, r.~~ an economi . :, wrote a theory ot > ethic feelings and thought and believed that ttis would make hi.m famous > not his The \•fealth of Nations. The followers ot Adam Smith, the laisse > faire capitalists think in a manner exactly opposite to that ot Bahi'u'- > llah and 'Abdu'l-Bah.a. Baha'i students of economi~s need to explore how > economic needs and Baha'i principles can be brought together and solut- > ions to contemporary economic ills worked out. The future world economy > must be governed ~ ~ inly by monetary pol~cy. and in a prudent manner. One > ot the aims of the Baha'f Faith is the lfevelopnent of a world bank along > with a world currency, for a world monetary syatam requires a world bank. > I.fr. Mi.ihl schlegel has been a banker for many yearst and is now supervisor > of the foreign departments of some 200 soutl1ern German branches of the > Commerzbari:. Dr. Hayek, winner of ~ Nobel Prize in Economics and now > ;32 years old affirms that go~1ernmente s h ould gi •re up the mor..opoly in is- > suing aoney, return to the monetary sit~1~tion of some 200 years ago. when > ba.nl{S issued currency, and there was ,). ,;elf-regulating, l ,=.:.sae faire mon- > " > ey supply. ~ -. Muhl.achlegel is quite convinced that the :~ayek scheme will > not work, but. :1e does admit that on the way to adopting one world curren- > cy ot ~~.er c'..lrrencies may persist for a c-::e time, until they are ..,seen to be > enti=aly ur.neceasary. At this point t :~ ese ideas are utopian, r.~t realist- > ic. The ,,;:>rld bank even"tually eatabli.._:. :ied must be independent of govern- > ment as i.e t:he Deutsch b~~eabank, fo!" this arrangement ..,orkB :l..~d if there > are close ties between t~e central ba..::k and t'á:e governme~t the bank would > be required to finance the government a_~d this would threat~n the econo- > mic stability of the commonwealth. I~e pointed out that out .J f 150 fl.ation- > al banks L: the world, 14o of these are required to finance tneir respect- > VIII. GERl1ANY > > 6)Peter Miihl.scblegel > > Interview: > ive govermnenta, leaving only ten who are free to resist government de- > mands for financing. He submits that the world bank must be made ree- > ponaible to law, but not for financing government, for it must not al- > low governments to contract unreasonable debts, no more than it would > permit individuals to do so. The world central bank would be at the > head of a pyramid of smaller subordinate banking institutions. This > banking system is the first pillar of the world monetary community. The > second pillar is to bring money nearer to co~odities. Producers of > raw materials such as farmers and miners would pay the~ truces in com- > modi tiea instead o~ currency, and the government would market these com > modities in connection with ~blio finance, tax revenue; also these taxes > would be i:Jnpoaed by the local rather than the national or world govern- > ments for the moat part although there would also.. be separate and inde- > pendent national and international levies. Mr. Muhlsohlegel points out > that the turn-over tax in Germany is now calculated at 13% of value and > "around 2~ in France where there is a greater differentiation according > to goods. The revenues, that is the profits ot certain natural resources > such as coal and iron would go to the world government. The world cen• > tral bank would stabilize the prices ot iron, wheat, and other commodi- > ties whose pricing is determined according to world markets--it could > buy low and aell high, with a 30f'o-4ah margin, and hence with a real po- > tential for intervention by variable percentage to prevent drastic price > changes. It can buy silver it a new silver mine is discovered so that > th• price of silver is decreased slowly and not overnight, to the loss > and even ruination of many trusting investors. Accredited storekeepers > vould keep these commodities, and they would be responsible for making > direct and immediate purchase of excess comrnoditiea. Mr. MUhlsch1egel > believes that this would prove to be the beat method to stop i.ni'lation, > this measure and the diaal.lowal of 11nl imited government indebtedness. The > above-described system run.a contrary to the interests ot many powerful > individuals and institutiona (conglomerates of individuals) and therefore > it can not come into being aa long as they remain ensconsed in their pos- > itions and in tull possession of their peculiar privileges. Spiritual .. > motivation is essential to the realization of this system. Mr. Muhlsohleg- > gel has made a stu~ of the psychological foundations ot world economics. > Ha has written some 100 aphorisms which embody his thoughts on thilt sub- > jeot9 .. and these are published in his book, Der Wel~.~eritra..lb!1J1kpr8sident. > Mr. Muhlsch1egel spoke ot Charlea E. Lindblom, whose Politics and Markets: > The Wor,1~~-s Politi~a;l Econom...ic. S2~t,!t!'l!t 197?, recently published in Ger- > man translation, addresses the morals, the ethics of economics. Mr. Mubl- > achlegel ha.a worked out his o..m model for understanding the motivations > involved in economic activity, and to explain ~his model he began with a > quotation from the Kalimat al-Maknlina ( ;.,á) :;¢.S. .•.J\ ... L.1£ ) , ot Bahi•u•- > llah, #?1 of Shoghi Effendi' a translation ot the ''Arabic Hidden Worda1'1 > 0 SON OF MANI > Write all that We have revealed unto thee vith > the ink of light upon the tablet of tey spirit. > Should this not be in thy power, then make > thine ink of the essence of thy heart. If this > thou canst not do, then write with that crimson > ink that hath been shed in My path. Sweeter > indeed is this to Me than all else, that ita > light may endure for ever. > 1o8 > VIII. GERMANY > > •• > 6)Peter Muhlschlegel > Interview: > As he writes in his letter to Denis Ma.aEoin, dated 31/8/78, 'tth.ich he ki > kindly sent to me in photocopy, ''there are three categories ~f ir.strum- > ents of influencing, and ruling,peoples Geist (spirit and in:e~:~ct), > Geld (money), and Gewalt (power• force).'' The best of mot iv . ~ons is > the fir.st, which is tl1e ''ink of lif;ht'', likened by Mr. Z.áliihls::hlegel to > self-education, to divine reason, superego and spirit. The next beat > motivation is tl1e .Jecond, the ''ink of the essence of thy heart••, which > he likens to reward, to the stimulus ot the promise of rewar~, to t~e > natural effiux of the heart, the short-sighted in'terest. the ego and self. > The last is the ''crimson ink'' which he likens to blood, hence to force, > motivation engende~ed by fear of punishment, and this required to ener- > gize and discipline ani.mal.istic inertia, id, passion. Lindblow, in the > above-mentioned book, cites three motivations also, and quite akin to > those ot iálr. Miihlschlegel: E,er,s1~s!_o11, !.!'.~.f~tl!~!, ~d authori~ ~.á Látr. l-iiihl- > schlegel points out that Money is the bridge between spirit and force, > and t!ius t"'?a.t men '.•ho rui-~ moneyá :nust not 1Jnl1 be experts in•• t á á.!" field > but also they must possess the t1ighest human árirtues. Mr. Má.~~locb.legel > has prepared this model to ellucidat• th• relationshi~ between the Scrip- > tur< P8YChological and philoaophical terms for motivations: > GEIST GFJ,D GEWALT > ink of light ink of essence of heart " á :..n>son ink > persuasion exchange . -:nority > enlightenmen~ re\;ard p-:l.:iisluuent > di-vine reason short-sighted interest animal inertia > $1perego ego id > spiiáit self passion > - > On Bahi•i Economy, again from the above mentioned letter: 1•on tl1e philo- > sophical background ot economic theory and activity, as well aa on the > basic instruments of a future world currency system I have written some > easaya••• together with some one hundred aphoriatio statements. in a book > destined to be put under the pillow of the leading people of th.eáfuture > world bank.'' This book ia .I?.er.. y~tzen!,r,!l-~apkp_r,~ide~t, and the author > has kindly sent me four copies as I am endeavouring to have it translated > into English and published in the United States or the United Kingdom. > He continues, ''Progre•sS in human civilization meana áthat the volume of > - > 9.~ist utilized for ruling humaD a!fairs is enlarged 1 and t:~9 volume ot > Gewalt minimalized, and the right amount ot Geld, not too .~~oh and not > too little, is in circulation. Geist comprises all means of achieving > that people do, out ot their own free will and •znderstand.ing, what they > should do. Geld will have the~ do things they do not like in order to > get the tbi.nge they like. Gewalt torces them to do the things they should > do although they do not like them. Geist ia, according to the last Arab- > ic Hidden Word, operative on the three levels ox insight love and sacri- > fice 1 Geld ma..y be considered aa an abstraction of all that Bahi.'u':lah > m&aLS by ''reward'' in His post-~g.:fas-Tablets, and Gewalt is equal. to (the > threat of)'•punish.ment••. The mea.."UI of minimizinp; the necessary amoun't of > Ge-walt and of ma:z:L-nizl.ng Geist .is the Word :)t God and tr..e World 0::-~er of > BahA'u'llah which also provides tor the ~ppropriate conatitution_oi Geld > in a worl4vide system. If political a!fairs are to be ruled by meftlla of > the Bah.i'i Administrativ. Order it seems evident t~t the climate in prac- > tical politics must be a rather liberal one. Thia applies especially to > economic policy. Thua the goal ot a unified monetary system is pre-emi- > nent. In order to eneure a worldwide moderate gr0V1:h and to avoid intla• > VIII. GE..~Y > > 6)Peter MUhlschlegel > Interview: > tion, it is important to constitute this monetary system in a form rather > independent from governments both national and worldwide. The central > bank: should be at least u independent as a supreme court; this is what > haa been broughtabout after the two heaviest inflations in world history, > in Western Germany with Deutsche Bundesbank, and it is the main root ofá. > the so-called German economic miracle. For practical reasons, however, > there can be no absolute independence tor a World Central Bank: it should > be bound, imstead of the 1'guarranteee11 of natio~l states for the value > of money, to the worldwide commodity markets in such a way that it has > to buy and sell certain quantities at prices of intervention which should > be not too close and should be variable by not more than a certain percen- > tage per annum. You k~ow the importance which is given by 'Abdu'láB~ > to the institution of the communal storehouae in every village and town. > He points out that agricultural and mining producers should pay taxes by > delivering a. part of their products to that storehouse. This call.8 for > a close connection to the monetary system which, however, can be brought > about only on a worldwide scale. ~he UNCTAD discussions abo~t a new e- > conomic order, however,inadequate, show into the same direction. The > necessity fo:r- stabilizing the main commodity prices is not the less pres- > sing than the necessity tor extinguishing worldwide inflation. I have > no illusions about the practical realization ot this model. A world cen- > tral bank of the envisaged kind would be self-supporting, covering the > costs of sto~ehoueing by the interests earned, but it would not. and > could not, finance the governments• budget definite in the way that na- > ional central banks are accustomed to. Thus ve 'Will probably have heavy > economic eriees before the International Monetary Fund will be reformed > a.long these lines. Maybe some experiments will be possible when a small > wealthy nation comes under a rule friendly to such thoughts. For elabor- > ating this model I shall need aeveraJ. yeare and some sympathetic Baha'is > as discussion partners. It you come to learn about some, please let me > know.•• > Mr. l..fUhlschlegel explained that, in order to come ta an appreciation of > his ideas it is not necessary to read hia articles on Baha'I Economy in > Bab.i• i-Briefe, that ~~r Weltz&]ltr~!bankE£a~i~eAt. was sufficient. He al- > so avered that Bahi'1a can not teach their religion to others by explain- > ing the Bahi'f attitude towards Economy. and that other principles shoUld > be establ~shed first. It ia premature. says he, both to speak openly a- > bout these economic principles, to make them public, and to establish in- > stitutions which reflect those principles. There ia no point in. speak- > - > ing ot Bahi. 1 1 Economy with non-Bahi.'Is. . > S-Mr. Miihlschlegel would like to see the publication of Bahi 1i Scriptures > with German and Engl.ish translations alongside texts in Persian and Ara- > bio, tranalitvated ao that the reader can pronounce the words without > learning the Arabic/Persian alpbabet, using the system of transliterat- > ion adopted by Shoghi Ettendi••• this is something that could be pioneer- > .. .... ~á > ed in a reissue ot Balia'i-Briete. Mr. Mi.ihlschlegel waa the editor and > principl• contributor to this periodical from 1960 until 1971,. and he > liould be willing to edit such a periodical again vere it to be revived > as requested of the German NSA. by the Universal House of Justica. He > be1ievea that Bahi 1 i-Brief'e (a German-language > . ,, Babi•I periodical akin to > 9pf:nioni ~á;, to La Pens'• Bah&' ie and to World Order) should be •n > intellect11al forum with much freedom of judgement for its editor to de- > velop dialogue, and that contributing writers should be accordH the op• > timum possible degree of tre•dom ot expression rather than imprinted by > > VIII. GEI'"-"W1Y > > •• > 6)Peter Muhlschlegel > > Interview: > the editor and forced to conform to his particular views. > &.civilization is to have a bathroom; culture is to use it. This is the > German definition of culture. He pointed out that the Germans have a > great civilization, but that as it is not being put to use, they do not > have a great culture. Literature, r"'7'..1Bic, philosophy, history, t~ere areá > plenty of these in G9 rmany, but rev Gi!rmans read or listen to classical > music or converse on i!ltellect1ial themes or are aá4re or inquisitive a- > bout history, so culture is lacking. (You may be assured that Mr. i.fuhl- > schlegel is both the one and the other.) > ?-The cQ'nasty of Pj.ágmalions, an uneven history: (1 )King of C y pi'US tell > in love with a statue in his palace garden and asked Aphrodite to bring > it to life and she did; (2)0vid in his ~e.t~-:w~.r_E~oa..~! speaks of Pygmalion > as a sculptor who makes a statue and then falls in love with his own han- > diwork and asks Aphrodite to bring it to liie and she does; (3)~everal > authors in 18th and early 19th century Europe wrote on Py~ion includ- > ing t~1e librettist for Franz Souppe, 11 Die sohoene Galatae'', in which Pyg- > malion implores Aphrodite to turn the liviug statue back into immovable > stone because the lady bas all the negative !emale attribl.!te and none > of the positive ones; (4)social issue in hands ot George Bernard Shaw: > Pygmalion becomes ''l-t"y Fair Lady'' of Broadway by Lerner and Loewe--for > Shaw Galatea never never lovee Pygmalion and his love is always ot the > divine, of the goddess, so it is never human and satisfying. Mr. Muhl- > schlegel remarks that the attitude of the educated and awa..""e man should > be th.at of Pygmalion towards Galatea, more erotic than devotional, humor.. > oua, playful, that this is especially important for those who guide the > global body politic. > 8-J..ir. Miihl..schlegel translated the Tablet of 'Abd.u' 1-Bahi. to Dr. Auguste > Forel9 from Persian into English and German. and wrote an historical in- > troduction thezáeto, and he knows a great deal about Forel 'e life and > has compiled a long list of his various p1tblications. > 11-In Da.rmstadtt which Mr. MUhlschlegel spent two or three hours touring > with met I was given a tour of the architectural. highlights, and was par- > ticularly inquisitive about the ''art nouveau''• ''jugendsti1•• homes and > lllUllioipaJ.. garden, built at the time that Rudolf Steiner was living in > Darmstadt, where he had a large community of followere. Thia style > was one of many new ideas then circulating and Steiner like it so he > systematized it and made it part of his Anthroposophy. Unlike many of > the ''art nouveau'' enthusiasts in Darmstadt, Steiner had money--Lord As- > tor, a big figure in the tobacco industry in Waldorf was his primary > backer, hence the name of the school.a established according to S~einer's > principles, the ''Waldorfschule''. > 12-Dr. HeraMnn Grossmann, Hand of the Cause and one of the founders of > - > the German Bahi'i community, developed a system far classifying topics > according to numbers, like the Dewey Decimal Library system, a.~~ A- > •• > del.bert Kuhlschlegel. and his son Peter Muhlsohlegel used this . ~ ~- > tam tor years but then changed to an alPhabetical s ylitem of ci.aasi.r - :.. -. i- > tion such as that devised by Dr. ~alabi because this proved to be more > useful. Dr. i,tuhl.schlegel used. his numerica1 system for organizing the > Geschichte der :~enschei t. > 13-."lr. Milhlschlegel spoke for a few minutes about ii. áentists: of a ~oup > originating in southwestern Germany, settling on Car~el A~enue in Haifa. > He says that th.e houses of th• Templara were built 120 years ago wi.th > open roofs so that theirá. occupants could see Jesus c á :.rist returning on > VIII. GERl-f.AiiY > > 6)Peter l'1Uhlschlegel > > Interview: > clouds of heaven, and that over the doors into these houses the Templars > inscribed ''Der Herr ist nahe' 1 , but that when Bah.i' u' ll ah pitched His tent > on Mt. Carmel they did not recognize Him as the return of Christ. His > source for German Adventists in Hutten's Seh!r, Grubler 1 Enth,2u.!,;asteq, > a hefty text descriptive o! many reli&ious movements and including a long > and exhaustive criticism of the Baha'i Faith which ellicited an apologe- > tic response from Dr. Schaefer and a recension by Mr. 1-iiihlschlegel, ''Das > Kreuz und die Slin.de, '' Ba.."'ia •I-Brief'e 1 January 1965, Heft 19. (For correct- > ed intormation on the ''Templars11 please see report on Tempelgesellscha ft > and Mr. Hans Lange.) _ > Mr. 1átuhlschlegel and I did not di.sc~a either an European Ba.hi' i Studies > Association or an Encyclopedi~ Bajla 1 i 1 but he did indicate interest in > parti2ipating in selected conferences on certain topics--particularly > Ba.~a'i Econo~, the most dear to his geiat, geld and gewalt--and would > have attended the conference I organized for late June in Gourville. > France, on Bahi•i Econom:y had he been tree to do so, but geld commitments > required that he remain en place. This report could have gone on and on 9 > as it does not represent more tha.n about fifty percent of my notes, but > it will give you an impression of the intellectual diversification ot > - > this Baha'i literati, and I hope that it will encourage some of my read- > ers to contact him, by letter or in person, to your mutual delight I am > aure. > VIII. GE31<\ANY > > ., > ?) ~!rsula !ifuhlschlagel ~anguages: ~erman, Engli~h, > Greak > Position: Secretary, Continental > 3oard of Counsellors, Europe > > Interview: ~1rs. Muhlschlegel and I met tor the first time i ::. 1'1arch > ofá 1973, vhen I stayed with her and her beloved husband, Dr. Ade1b árt > Miihl.sehl:'3gel in their apartment situated i :1 Freibourg, Schweiz (Ger:nan- > speaki11g\ s,..,itzerla.nd). Jviy visit at that ti.ne \~as limited to five days, > and most of tnat . time I anent with Dr. Muhlschlegel, assisting him with > ~ > > the revision o! his Geschiehte der Menscheit, not in a:n.y major way but > r~th er th.rough him teliing me all about it, particularly detaili!lg its > brá:;.3.d o•rerall plan, and by reading and underlining import.ant passagea in > a few books so as to. - eave him time in his research. From the mo~ent that > t first heard ot .Dr. Mi.ihlsohlegel's historical work in Paris from the > Secretary ot the Ba..~•I Center ealier that same month of Marca 19?3 1 I > was ori fire with the desire to know more about it < 'Uld to ass tst him in > a:11y way possible. I left Fr~ibourg with a lasting affection for both Dr. > and Mrs. Miihlschlegel, for as th~ Hand of the Cause of God was minister- > ing to me spiritually, so was his dear rife taking ca.re of my physical > requirem~nta, and. much more. Sometimes it ia the little details of life > that impress w:s the moat: I shall always recall the gentle affectionate > ~. .l l > way that I1rs. Mu;ilschlegel called Dr. Mtih1achlegel and I out of our res- > pective ''studies•• and into the kitchen for 11.mch or dinner, chiding us > for our total ignorance of the more practical aspects of human existence. > I must admit that I ~ae well aware of both worlds in that radiant house- > hold, and of the knitting t ~gether, the inter-penetration of them and > their reconciliation into a wholesome whole. á > When I wrote to Mrs. MUhlseh1egel in Greece asking if ! might ~isit her > there--as she has been in Greece until this year an~ f Jr a few years, to > establish the NSA there and encourage the Baha'i cozsmIUnit -., .--sheá replied > that she had moved to Germany and would be glad to see me there, aa I > could stay as the guest ot her neighbors, the Blumenthals. (See next re- > port.) So, in the next to last week of May 1981 I spent a couple of > days in Immenataad/Bodensee Con the shoree of the Bodenaee, Lake Konstanz) > most of that time talking with Mrs. Muhlschlegel about her buaband and > about my voyage and the information I had collected thus far regarding > - > the present s i tuation of t h e Baba' is in Europe. Now to report on some > of the points discussed during those days: > 1-Spe~ing of deepening and spiritual shari~ be~ween marital partners, > !-1rs. t1uhlschlegel related that she and Dr. Mtihlschlegel would spend an > hour every morning after breakfast deepening together, and that this prac- > tice characterized their last few years in Greece. Dr. Miihl.schlegel mark- > - > ed all of his books while studying them, and so t~ey always had an extra > copy of every Bahi' i book to ahov to Baba' is - and lend to seekers. Mrs. > ?-lllhlschlegel encouraged me to use the Baha'i Scriptures, and not to feel á > that ~he print and paper were holy and • 1untouchab1.~\ but rather that > Baha'i booka should be handled gently and with r t :~, but tha~ they can > be marked for studying. These Scriptures are for uu.r edification, not > to be worshipped as icona, from afar, and without personal involvement. > (Mrs. M'uhl.schlegel would not have phrased it quite like that, but I trust > that I have preserved her conception.) > 2~'1rs. l-luhlschlegel urged me to contact Mr. r~osra ,_ ,g,jzoob, of Konstanzt > also mentioned by Mr. Blumenthal, a lonely end learned Persian Bahi'i - > pi á1neer to Germany who is fluent onl.y in the Persian language and can > speak German only with difficulty and English not at a11. > VIII. GERMANY > > ?)Mrs. Muhlschlegel > > Interview: > •• > . > 3-Mrs. ~.fuhlschlegel showed me at least two large volumes of what she des- > cribed aa very fine German poetry written by Dr. Muhlschlegel throughout > hia lite, and most of it never published; she also mentioned that he had > written personal memoirs which one day vill be edited and published for á > the edification of the believers. > 4-In a letter dated 28/5/71, Dr. M~hlechlegel wrote me from Athens to > inform me regarding his new book •nd plans for ~eviaion of his Geschichte. > 'I am just writing a book on ''selt-education'' or ••• the we.y to self-real- > ization based on the worda of 'Abdu' I-Ba.hi (on) how to 1 'acquire these > things'' in The .~o~ulgation (of Universal Peace), P• 221. • On 12./?/78 > I received another letter from Athena informi.t;g me that he had 'finished > a book (on) ''Self-education to become a Baha' i 11 • But it does not quite > satisfy me.• And so, when I apoke of this book to Mre. Hiihl.sch1egel and > found that during his last couple ot years on this earth he tried to make > it ••satisfy him'', and that the last chapter of the revised version has > yet to be completed, I waa not surprized. Dr. Miihlschlegel'a major works, > the Geschiehte and the Self-Education were never to be seen by him aa com- > plete, for he knew that they could always be improved and he vaa reluctant > tor &IIYOD.e to read something that was not in a state of satisfactory (mean- > ing more or less perfect) preparedness. Mrs. Miihlschlegel hope.a to have > sufficient time in the next couple of years to finish the last Chapter of > the Self-Education book, after which it will probably be published by Ba- > .... ....- I I A P -•••• > > hA'1-Verlag in Germany, and subsequently in English translation. > 5-During hia last years Dr. MUhlschlegel was partic111arly fond of one com- > pilation of Bahi'i Writings, which he found to be the most useful for spi- > ritual awakening, which ia ultimately the essence of religious experience. > Dr. > ... > Miihlach1egel waa, is a Bah~'! mystic. That ie my statement, not Mrs • > Muhlschlegel 1 s, but I am quite sure that she would agree with me. Dr. > Miihlschlegel recommended use of 'the yellow, copy-book compilation The > \lorlds of God' in his ietter ot 12/?/78, as having a 'really revolution- > !EY.' effect upon h'iman á:coneciousness. Mra. MUhlschlegel told me tha.t he > studied this little compilation virtually every day tor years. and deliv- > ered talke based on it, . wrote hi.a Self-Education inspired by it (and un- > doubtedly by hie nearly eighty years of spiritual development). The > World.a of God ia published by the National Reference Library Committee > of the NSA ot the Bahi•Is of the United States of America, and is avail- > able pre-paid at S3.75 (U.S. dollars) a copy from Mrs. Marian Lippitt, > Secretary, Box 369, Beech. . > Ridge Road, Apartment #3, York, Maine 03909, > U.S.A. > •• > 6-After 117 initial introduction to Dr. M11hlschlegel'! Geschichte der Men- > aoheit in 19?3 1 I kept regularly in touch with Dr. Muhl.schlegel by let- > ter, alway.a curioua to .know the tate of this monwnental work which bad > already consumed so mtiah of hia attention and received so much of hia > loviIJ8 care. I learned later, from Mrs. Miihl.schlegel and Mr. ravid Hat- > man {whom I met briefl1 in London at the home of his son, Mark Hofman), > that Dr. l4Uhlschlegel began his labours on this enormous project during > the second World War, that is, during the 19't<>s, and that he made his > first attempt to have it publiahed. tirat in German and then in English > in the 19508. Subsequently he let it lie, and did not attempt again to > prepare i ' for pulliaatioa until, ••etiáe in the 197011. Then, in 1976 > or 1977 he dedicated hira-elf to writing a book on Self-Education, and, > on 28/5/?7 h• wrote me that this book 'will be finished in the fall ••• > Then at last I ah•ll proceed to finish th• ••world History'' book.' And > VIII. GERMANY > ,. > ?)Mrs. Muhlachlegel > > Interviev: > on. 12/7/78, he wrote that he had been ill and hence 'had tc de~ the > ''World Bistol'l''', 1 )The reai conclusion up to 1960 at least, 2)the fair > copy ot an improved text and J)ot the big tabular sketch.' At that > time he had litte hope of finding a G~rman publisher for his Gescr~chte > for, as he ea.id in the eeme letter and on other occasions, 'the risk > of thia big work (to a publisher) is great• and besides this 'both the > churches and the scientists (historians) have not yet recognized Bahi- > u' llah and His significance.• But he waa hopeful to the laat. > \\'ey am I bothering to tell you all these details? Because of the fol- > loving matters diacuased with Kra. Muhlschlegel •nd then given her writ- > ten approval: > Mrs. t-hihlschlegel kindl.J allowed me to take a complete copy o~ the Eng- > lish translation (made in the 1950& at the expense of George Rould, > Publishers, according to Mr. David Hofman) to the United States, with > permission to take th• following course of actions > a)Read it. > b)Have other Baha'i scholars read it. > c)Check the accuracy of the historical. tacts cited, with the assistance > -- > of other Ba.lui.• i scnolars, peJ:ticularl,y with regard toi > (1)Bahi•l history and doctr:..ne, aa this text (used tor translation > in th• 19.50a, not the p-e&e!lt text in Ger1118Jl which baa been large~ > revised) waa written during the aecond ~orld Wa:r when Dr. Miihleohl•- > gel had little access to reliable Baha'i literature. > (2)Chronology. 9 .aa he did 1101: conault Oriental and e.epecially Islimio > aourcea, and,. u Dr. !JalabI points out {see report)• these sources > often differ oa chronology from European calculations, ar;.a Ba.hA'u'- > llah and 'Abdu'l-Balli oit• Islamic aourcee for the most part. > (3)0riginal. eoarcea for historical fact• and Bah&'l interpretationa > thereof. > (4)Moat recent Western research tindingaa the work ot academic spec- > ialiata. > d)l'.ake á sure that all Arabic and Persian wordlJ uaed are traneliterated ac- > cording to th• system adopted by Shoghi Effendi, 1mleu the Universal > Dowse ot Jwstice authorizea the use ot another aystem. > e)Compare the editH, corrected Engliah tr•nslation with the German man- > scripts and notes. > t)Check validity of author's c~ncluaions. > g)C~.1.eok the organiz.tion of the material, and the amcnmt ot space •nd de- > tail given to each era and people. > h)Sound out publishers for the English translation of the entire vork. > Since that time it baa become pl~in and evident to me that the above tasks > can not be 12ndertaken by a Si."'lgle individual, tor the ''History" I have > di.BctfBSed ia V'Olttminows, compri-3ing at leaat 950 page11 ol text, without > Index, Appendices, Footnotes, Charts, Diagrams or Illuatrationa. We ~.ave > talked about, collaboration between :3ab.i•I scholars, and we cou.ld conti~e > to talk 1m.til w•'r• blue in the f:\c• and accomplish nothing. Dr • .Jjalabi > nee~-r-our •uiatance, our cooperation in preparing his _gealenc:yclopedi4!, > Baha'i for publication, end F moat definitely need your helping handa > and minda á in preparing Dr. MUhl.achle~l' s Geschichte der Menacheit, in > German and in. Engliebá,. tar publication. Thia is a project certainly worth- > J ot our c«altined energies, and relatively uncomplicated in comparison > with-, th• undertaking of a tul.1-blown encyclopedic pzáogr•m such aa ba• > been auggeete participate. > VI II. GERrálANY > > 8).E:rik Blumenthal Languages: German, English > Kippenhorn A > D-7997 Immenstaad/Bodensee Degrees: Diploma in Adlerian > Adler-Inetitut psychotherapy. > Salmanstrasae 15 > Position: Member, Continental > Zurich, Schweis > Board of Counsellors, Europe > (01/202.93.81 office) > (07545/6815 home) > Interview: Although I spent a couple of nights as a guest in the > Blumenthal home, on the shores of Lake Konstanzá, l-tr. Blumenthal was so > busy that I was not able to talk with him privately for more than about > f~urty-five minutes, but this wae sufficient time for us to cover all of > the specific questions I had in mind at the time. As I had just come > from Lenzburg, Schweiz, and several long discussions with two psychola" > gists, Drs. Gita and Felix Steiner~.Khamsi (I am congratulating them for > earning their Ph.D.'s before the fact), and we had reviewed the possi~ > - > bility of organizing a conference of Baha'i psychologists and possibly > including other social scientists such aa sooiologists, anthropologists, > political scientists, _a.a well as practicing psychotherapists, be they > Freudian, J11ngian, Adlerian or ~ther. > 1-Hr. Blumenthal woiild be interested to participate in a conference ot > Baha'i social scientists although he insists that he is neither a scien- > tist nor an academic, only a practical practicing psychotherapist, a > co1msellor. > 2-His religious and professional background run parallel to each other: > - > he became a Baha'i and anAdlerian psychologist at the same time and be- > lieves strongly that both are necessary and that they fit together, that > Adleriau psychology is the closest of all the modern schools to the Ba- > hi 11 teachings. He bel.i eved this then and now more than ever. The two > have become welded or wedded in his mind and heart: I was told by some- > one who has attended both his lectures and his firesides that he talks > about religion (often mentioning the Bahi.•1 Faith specifically) in hie > lectures and that he uses Adlerian methods of counselling and of psycho- > logical interpretation in hie firesides. He does not think that there > vill be a need !or psyc~therapy in the future, but because of the lack > ot religious conviction, there ia a crying need now. > . - > }-He said to me that no Bahi 1I hae enough faith in Bana'u'llah, that our > faith is full of holes, always inadequate, that we do not give BahA'u'llah > 1~ of our energy and commitment, we do not entirely surrender our wills > to His Will. If we were _pure-hearted we would not }µlve so many problems, > and if we rea1ly believed in BahA'u'llah we would be happy. He cited_aa > evidence of this view hia many years of counselling many German Baba' is, > whose basic proble~, eayiJ: > ' > á.;.he, was that they were not doing the Ba.hi•! > thing. . .' . ' > 4-When I briefly mentioned Dr. Muhlschlegel's Geschichte der Menscheit, > Mr. Blwnenthal recommended that I read books by Jean Gebser, the Swiss > philosopher on the subject of eul!ural mutation, of great leaps forward. > 5-Regarding a conference-of Baha'i psychologists, Mr. Blumenthal recom- > mended that Drs. Khabirpour (in Luxembourg), Peseshkian (in Wiesbaden) > and Shoenaker. (in Ziintersba.ch) be invited to participate. _ > 6-He is in favor of the establishment of an European Bahi'i Studies As- > sociation and would contribute, aa a practical psychotherapist, to an > ;EzicycloJ?!diA Bal!i'i. but noted that both of these must come under the su- > pervision of the Unive~eal House ot Juatice. > VIII. GERIUNY > > 8)Erik Blumenthal > > Interview: > Papers and Publications: :-fr. Blumenthal ~1~8 written a !1U.'11ber of books > and a.:ticlea, so~e of which are translated and > publishá~d in Dutch, Spanish an1 Italian, on > the following 3Ubjeots: > 'Ed~1cation or children• > > 'Education for living together (especially > in marriage) • > > 'Self-education {self-therapy)' > > Ile declined to send me a list of these book.a > and 8.!"ticles, but I hope to be able to quote > such a list, that is to cite his full biblio- > graphy in my world ~eport on Baha'i scholarship. > > 9)Univeraitatsbibliothek Heidelberg > Plook 107-109, P.O. Box 105749 > 6900 Heidelberg 1 > (542380) > > Thia excellent university library is located about á one half hour > by tram from Dr. Schaefer's home on the R;'.)merstrasse (which is i tee l f > on the outer fringe ~r the American, the u.s. Army N.A.T.O. head-quarters) > and is easy of access, equiped iith new photocopy machines, c~ean and e > efficient and the staff courteous and helpful. ~nd it has a very large > selection of the many titlea in EE.hi''f studies published in t~e German > language. However, I used this library primarily to make a dent in :tr~ > research on Germany for the history of 1844, and I have a mountain of > pnotocopiea to bear witness to that fact, most of them in Ger:!ian lang- > uage. The complete list ot the Ba::ia•I-related books I found al: IJBH will > be cited in my complete bibliogr~phy, but I will take this time to men- > tion a few of the titles, i;a.rticul.u -ly of books I was not able to locate > elsewhere. Ignaz lioldziher, Vor_l e.s\;:-._~en iiber _den Isl!li;t!; Hermann > Grossmann, Umbruch zurá Ein..tieit; Gustav Men.aching, S'2z.i9logi~ de.z: Re- > ~igi~nen; Werner Schilling, Re~igiop und R~cht; Joachim Wach, ~eJigioJtB~ > ~~zio~ogie; George Widengren, pie Relig~onen I~aneisphe~; Martha Root, > 'Bah4' ism in rel.ation to Bak)ism, '' l1aschinensc:irift; Jak,')o Eduard Pol:.J<, > Persien; Alfred Frei err von Kreme~, Gesohichte der her=schenden ideen > • > des_ Islams; M. Zabih, Die Sozi.a_le :á:-age .und_ ihr ~ &o~:i!lS.. im ;J_i!lA~. der Ba- > ḥ' ilehr~; Udo Schaefer, 'Die Gru=.:il~en der •rverwalt11ngaordn1Jng'' der > Baha'i,' Heidelberg diss., 1957; Fritz Ba.mmel, Di~Religi2nen d~r ~eJ~ > und der Friede auf Erden; Carl Hermann Ethe, ~asay,!_und S tu4ie~á á For > those of you who a.re interested in the books of the above authors which > make no mention of the Bah&•I Faith, you might like to know that UBH hae > 27 books by_Gustav_Mensching, 3 books by narmann Roemer (not including > his Die Babi-Bah&'i ••• ), 5 books by Werner Schilling, ~books by Joachim > Wach, 23 volumes by George Wideng?"an1 12 by Gustave Edmund von Grunebaum > in English and in German; 3 book.e by Rudolf Jockel. Also, UBH is con- > nected by an inter-library loan system, with all other German university > libraries, so whatever UBH does not have, UBH can get. > 11? > VIII. GERMANY > > 10)Wissenachaftlichen Theologisches > Seminar der Universitat Heidelberg > Bibliothek (BTS) > ' - > > The Director of this Library of the Theological School attached > to the University of Heidelberg kindly granted me a library card good > for the winter semester (I was there in January 1981, on my first visit > with Dr. Schaefer), and then I set to locate titles already on my bib- > liography and discover other titles besides, an~ also to find books by > German theologians on the interpretation of Biblical prophecies. BTS > turned out to be an excellent source of both. Besides sporting a fair- > ly large collection of translations from English translations of Persian > and Arabic writings by Bahi'u'llah and 'Abdu'l-Ba.hi and ot English com- > positions penned by Shoghi Effendi, and besides also books by H.M. Bal- > yuzi, Adib Taherzadeh, William Sears, George TownshendL John Ferraby, > J.E. F.aslemont, all of them easily accessible to Bahi'i scholars and > hence hardly worth a mention here, thai!e are a tew books very rarely > tound in a:ny- library and which should be notedi Hermann Grosemann, Am > r-tor,g_e~ E!J!!!F. _Neuer, ~ei.t. .Z~amptenbr:ucP,, ,upd NeugestaJ.tupg. •!.i Hermann > Grossmann, Das Btµtd}l.;s Gott~s.. in_9,e,r Oi'fenbarungs-Re.~is~o~; Gerhard Ro- > senkranz' pie ~i I r_ Ein Ka:e,i tel .t!el.!Zei t 1 i_cher Re ligioḥses,9,hic,hte; So- > lange Lemaitre, yne grande.figur~, de l'Unit;, Abdul-~a; Theodor LeoP- > pert, Di' Fort~ntwicklung der Bibi-~'.i.. Jm Weste~. For those of you > studying the Christian theological. interpretation of prophecies, that > is of so-called prophetical literature and passages in the Old and New > Testament canona, BTS bas a number of titles in German, including a num- > ber authored by Johann Albrecht Bengel (see report on Tempelgesellschaft > for further detail on his views of prophecy), by Franz Delitzsch, and > by Christian Friedrich Wurm. > > 1á1 )Staats Archiv > Stuttgart > > My sojourn to the Staatsarchiv in Stuttgart occured one afternoon > in April 1981, Apri1 8 to be exact, and I did not spend enough time there > to get muqh work done, but I did stay long enough to find that most ot > the resources tor studying the Tempelgesellschaft, and all of the books > pertaining to the ~áIá Faith were in the Landeabibliothek. Th_! Staats- > archiv is a terrific place to study Stuttgart, but not the Bana•i Faithl > I did locate one volume that might be worth some scholar reading, that > is one who decides that he wants to tell the whole story of the Tempel- > gesellschaft, from atart to finish: Fritz Grunsveig, pie Evangelische > Brll;degemeipde Kornt.al, Wiirttemburg, 1964. Since it i.a only one volume, > I give you the ca.11 number at SSA.: A 314o. > VIII. GE~!\.fllY > > 12)~tirttenhergische Landesbibliothek > Stutt~art > > This library has t he largest single collectio~ of I3aha 1 á1-relate1 > literature t~1at I ~ve S.J far discovered in Ger~any, and t '.'.e most ex- > tensive selecticr.. of Gerca.11-language material on this reli~;:.cn in all > ot Eurone, á. .iith the exception of the Austrian Baha'i Archives, and per-. > r...a.ps the. German !.3aha~ f Arr;hi"res (although only the Austrian Baha'i Ar- > chives is available to sciolars at this time, as the GBA has yet to be > organized). 'i'his may be quite surprising until or~e considers t _h at the > first and largest and longest-lived Bahi''i co~unity in G~rr.tany (East > and \á/eat) is Stuttgart, andá that t ;_1e most prolific Baha• 'i •,.Titers lived > in Stuttgart-most of t4em-tor many years. A full list of the holding~ > of the Landesbibliothe~á~ . (\•/LB) will be cited in my bibliograph:r. For now > perhaps a or:.ef list o! particularly unusual volur:ies will be -~~áá fficient. > Si1ould a:ny o f you requi~.:.e full lists of the holdings of any .') tá the libra- > ries mentioned in t1~s report on Baha'i studies in Europe, please feel > free to re~uest sue~ :rom me and I will get them to you dir~ctly. First, > aa has already been .id,.icated in my report on t'ir .• Lange of the Terrrpel- > geseJ.1 achaft, a number of books about the Temple Society, and EOBsibly > although not surely mentioning their relationship to the Bah&•i.e in 1 AY.ka > and Haifa and elsewhere in Palestine are to be found at WL3. Translat- > ions of Baba'u' llah 's ~'ritjngs from English include the :following: Tab- > .let ;t~n Is~aka.t ••• Tarazat.a.. W.or.~e . des ~aradieses, Tab.let, ~9n ~B:jallexat, > trar4Blated by A. B!"aun and E. Ruoff, Stuttgart, 1912; same, translated > by Wilhelm Herrigel, Stuttgart, 1921f Kitab-i-Ahd, n.t., Stuttgart, 1936; > Al'"':,La}'h al-agc\8-a 1 ~ It~ilig$ Ta~lat~, translated by Will: ! :!...11 Herrigel, > Stuttgart, 1911; Die sieben T8.le~, translated by !~~rmann Grossmann, Stutt- > gart, 1950; Ye.rJ.>or~~!le ~~or.te. , 1--l?rte •.~er We.i_s;J!.e.t.t.. :.in4,_9_el:?..et.!, translated > by A. Braun and E. Ruot!, Stuttgart, 1909; same, tra.'1Slated by Alice ~. > Schwartz and Wi.1J1elm Her~igel, J tuttgart, 1924; same, translated !Tom > • •• > Arabic and Persian by \JáJhar.na van 1'ierthern and Adelbert Hlihlschlegel, > > Stuttgart, 1948. Transl ations of 'Abdu'l-Baha from English renditions > include t~'lese titles: Evange.liupt ~er Iáie~e un Z~itu.ng von .!i-bdu,1-Bah~ Abba:!, translated by Wilhel:;: Herr i gel, ~ cuttgart, > 1914; Ansnrac~..en von Abd'11-Baha Abbas im Herbst \'á)11 i :a Paris, tra:is- . > lated by Wilhelm Herrigel, Stuttgart, 1921; 'Abdu'l-3aha 'Abbas beant- > wortete Fra.iten, translated by Wilhelm Herrigel, Stuttgart, 1929; An- > snrachen in Paris. translated by E1sa Maria Grossmann, Frankfurt-am-Main. > 197C) ; also apparently translat,,ions from the words and writings of 'Abdu•1- > Bahi are two volumes published by what was entitled the ''Welt-Union 'Ba- > liai' '' at one time and later styled itself the ''\ieltunion fur universal > .t1eligion und wii versal Frieden'', associated at first with Wilhelm Her- > rigel and later with H~rmann Zimmer--in brief, these translations have > been made by individuals wbo are styled ''Covenant-breakers'', so you may > regard them as suspect and possibly interpolated, but in '.lllY case, here > are the titles: Die ,w~sen~lich~ Eiajleit der re~ig~~s_en Gedanken, trans- > lated by Wilhelm Iierri,;el, Stuttgart, 1931, third "?rinting :in 19~0; t•/orte > 1er 1.48!'..rheit und der i:ieisheit, n.t., tvaiblin.c:en, 1960. There are also > a few early t:-anslations of •Jlork.s by : .1oghi ~.:;ffendi: Die En,.Efaltupg de;- > ~~uen 1:/e~tz~á;ilisatio~, n.t., Stuttga:-t, 1936 ; Gott c;:eht voruber, trans- > _atea by HeiO:e Sc r;warz-Jager and Jo}'l..8.I'.n Karl Te .:fel, Oxford l Geá:>rge Ron- > > ald), 1954; Di,e s e,:i.du,ng BB;~~a' u' l.l~.§,'.' translated by Else Grossmann, Ox- > ford {ibid.), 1 )48. There are also two books and a few tra.nalations > from A~ric•n Baha 1 ia 1 books by Wilhelm Herrigel~ and two books by Her- > mann Z1mner, and these &re well worthy of mention as they have had a > > 12)'.áll.irttemburgische Landesbibliothek > Stuttgart > > definite impact upon the fortunes of the Baha'i Faith in Germany, for bet- > ter or for worse, and the repercussions have sounded afar, as far as the > libraries of the United States of America and the collections of certain > universities in Scandinavia--in fact, Hermann Zimmer's most recent booká > cay be more widely circulated than any other book mentioning the Baha'i > Faith in all of Europe. First, the translations mde by \o/ilhelm Ilerrigel: > Isabella Brittingham (English, not American: so sorryl), Die Offe~~ar:!ḥ!6 > von Ba..~a'o'llah, 1910; Myron H. Phelps, Abdul-Baha Abbas' Leben, 1922; > Charles iálason Remey, Das neue Zeitalter, 1923; Thornton Chase, Die Bahai- > off!n~ar~~' 1925. Wilhelm Herrigel is also author of two books in the > WLB: Die Zeichen unserer Zeit im Lichte der Bibel und der Bahailehre, > Stuttgart'; 191~b; Di~e: ]3ahal;.bewesmi ""im.. #i&~rnt?_~e'ri ,upd 'ip'.r~e "'r£rosS,!!A 'á"if~ > ungen_!n Ipd}e~, Stuttgart, 1922. Hermann Zimmer's books are also two: > p_ie,, ,',Ji..e_d;,e,rlrunf,t _9!lri..st.i.1.. y,,on der _di,e Prophez,ei~n5.e..n; ?PFeche:i.~.á., 1950; > Et_~~ Tes.tapien;t_sfals~.h,llDS ,,,eptet di~ ,3B:hai-:,~e}:.ig;,on !,b i,n .d~n politi;Bch!A > ~hoghi~mus, Waiblingen, 1971; ~nd there is also the English translation > of this latter work, until recently (1981) the ''Covenant-breaking classic'' > of GerQlany, translated by Jeannine Blackwell, and revised by Karen Gasser > and Gorden Cempbell, and published by the ''World union for universal re- > lig!_on and .universal peace'', also identified in the German as ''Freie Ba- > h&• i ••, 1973. Please do not confuse Mr. Herrigel •s books with Mr. Zimmer' s > ''classic''• as Mr. Herrigel was still operating within the Bahi'i Coven- - > ant when he translated and wrote and published the above-mentioned books, > while Mr. Zimmer either never operated within that Covenant or left its > protective custody and sought to start his own movement, at least by 1950, > as Die Wiederkunft Christi was published in that year by the ''Weltunion > fur Univereal.e Religion und Universalen Frieden, Freie Bahai''• > To end this report on a happier note, the WLB also has a copy of Dr. Gross- > mann•a Die sozJ.ale Frage .1Ytt!. i~e. ~oa:g ,ipi, ,,S,<2,JYl~.. de;r.:_ Baha;,i.-tem:e, Stutt- > gart, 1923 \n~t_to be contused with Die L~~ung der aozialen Fraga auf > Grund der Bah.a' i-Lehren, Ph.D. dise. of M. Zabih, 191i9, subsequently pub- > lished by Schroder Verlag, Stuttgart, n.d.) > By the way, although I have given you a long list of books in the WLB, > this represents only about 3~ ot the holdinga of this library, that is, > of the holdings I was able to catalogue in just two or three hours. > > - > 13)German Bahi'i Archives > Eppsteiner Strasse 89 > Langenhain > > On two occasions I wrote Dr. Massoud Berdjia, Secretary of the NSA > of Ge!:_~IJY' for many years, asking permission to take a look at the German > Baha'i Archives, kept in the Haziratu'l-Qud.s in Langenhain, and he wel- > comed me to visit, but told me that these Archives were in a state of con- > siderable disorder. When I visited the Haziratu'l-Quds in the last week > of April 1981, I waa told by Dr. Berdji.a that it waa not worth rr.r:1 while > to look at the Archives at that time, that I should arrange to return in > the futuret perhaps with a German colleague, to organize the Baha'i !t-r- > chives so that they can be available to scholars such as myself. > IX. ITALY > > ~á > 1)Dr. P~ul Ojermark T" -:i..:'! .:;uages: Sár1ed:i.....l!'l, English, > French, German, Italian > .Degrees: Ph.D. in Political > ::; ~ ience 9 university iinknown; > .l:..Jsertation on \IOrld federal- > i ~~, title and date 11nkncwn > -~ > Interview: To my great ~~light, I waa the guest of [):-. a;id iá- trs. 0- > jerrnark on two occasions whi .~at in '.~o::!e áluring the latter half of April, > 1981. On the second of these occasions Dr. Ojermark and I were able to > discuss a number of tonics > - .. > for J ome hours, and this repo.~t is based en > tirely on that conver3ation. At present Dr. Ojerma.rk is working !or the > Focd and Agriculture C:rganiz.ation of the United rlc.\tions, a s the coordi- > na-cc!" of a pilot progr:im dedicated to the development and mainte1. .ance of > revived and new economic institution.a in á"illages scattered thro11ghout > the árá~ird t'i orld, through the .use of cooperative princ~ples and t 1 ~chniques > in planning, financing, training and marketing. Dr. Ojermark ~n~ Mrs. > 3arbara Ojermark (\átho holds a !J.A. in Public ilealth Adminis~r:~ - 11 from > the University of (~alifornia at Los An~eles) l-tant to work toge~ ....er on á > ~iting a pamphlet in Swedish on Baha'i ~ducational principles, and Dr. > Ojerma.rk specifically as:. :9d to be sent information on Dr. D.1lliel Jordan's > ANISA Model in this co~' : .:ction. He ~lso asked for a copy of the letter > 'á > I áreceived some yea.rs ~go from the Universal Hous! of Justice informing á > me that ''There is as yet no such thing ae a Ba.~a 1 i curricu.!::m, and t!lere > are no publicationa excluaively devoted to thia subject si~ . ~ the teach- > ings of Bcthi'u'llah and 1 Abdu'l-Bahi do not present a defini '.. ~ and detail- > ed educational system, but simply offer certain basic principles_and set > forth a number or teachir1g ideals t án at should guide future B~1:-'' i educa- > tionalists in their ef farts to formulate an adequate teaching curriculum > which would be in full h..armony with t .1e spirit of t r~e Bani' { teachings, > and would thus meet the requirements and needs of the modern ;1.~e.' 1 Thia > :~a an excerpt from a letter written on behalf of Shoghi Ef f .;.it1d i. I will > gladly send ~ COP'J ot the full letter to anyone who caares to receive > sar:.e. Dr. Ojermark has a distinct fascination for world hist .~-tr, and > asked me some questions regarding Dr. Muhlachlegel' a Geschic r~:.:. .á.-tr- Men- > scheit but admitted that tbia is not his field and that he has but lit- > tle time for reading. On the -subject ot child-rearing, he mentioned M.!:• > Blumenthal's books on the subject as being ot practical value to Bahi'i > p::ir á~nts and teachers who want to know i'. .J'" to apply Bahi' I p!"'inciples at > home and at school. When asked if he :!~uld consider contribut:.ng to a > book featuring essays written by Bahi.•is from a variety of different > professions and backgrounds and addressing contemporary problems, he in- > dicated that he wo11ld be most eager to do ao. He was also interested in > -- > the prospect of contributing to .: i volume of Bal1a' i teati.:noni<-.:.s, and in- > sisteái upon the importance of including the life-etorie8 of some peasants > living in Africa and Asia, and not restricting the perapectiv~ to Western > professionals. He pointed out that most o! mankind is angaged in subsis- > tence !arming. 'tie spoke ot people's history, as distinct from ''cultural'' > history or ''political'' history, and other commemorations of tb,. lives of > the privileged few, of the elite, and Dr. 6 ,jermark mentioned t ;.a famous > people's hist2rr of Sweden written by Jilhelm Mober~. ~'/hen a~ed what > manner or Baha'i lite.rature is most needed by Bahi 1 ia in their work of > propagating tj}e Babi.'i Faith and in deepening their own understandings > thereof, Dr. Ojermark prioritised such literature according to the fol- > lowing scheme: a)translations at all ''basic'' Bahi'f literature, by Bah&- > u' llah, 'Abdu'l-Bahi •nd Shoghi Effendi, into a.11 languages; b)literature > IX. ITALY > > •• > 1)Dr. Paul Ojermark > > Interview: > which gives clear, simple answers to questions raised by people today, > such as ''\fuat is justice?'', and ''\Vhy work?'', and about drugs, schooling, > sexual morality and behaviour, music, alcoholism: this literature must > be simple, clear and appealing, for--at leaet in Sweden--people are read• > ing leas and lesat and the schools are turning out more and more funct- > ional illiterates every year; c)literature on controversial religious > questions, such as on the subject ot ''evolution vs. creation'' which is > raging in the United States at the present time, which r.lany Christians > demanding that their children be taught the ••creationist'' (that is, the > fundSJDentalists• literal. interpretation of the account contained in Ge- > .. > nesis) view alongside of the ''evolutionist•• perspective, or aa a replace- > ment. One of Dr. Ojermark's primary concerns is that illiterate Bahilis > ~ > > be taught to read and to express themselves verbally, in speech and in > writing, in both th! developing and the industrial~zed co~triea, and > that literate Baha'ia. be motivated to translate the Baha'i Writings in- > to all languagea. He hopes to write an article for a Bahi•l publica- > tion on the subject of ~bird World poverty, and on the spirit11al poverty, > in particular the lack of vocational motivation which he perceives to > be the condition, the sickness of the affluent in industrialized coun- > tries, and, along with these insights, the .Bahi. 1 I teachings relative to > work, to work ethics especially. He also wants to address the pervad- > ing sense of fruatratiQ~.~and meaninglessness afflicting the working peo- > ple, the proletariat QJ ,..:- . industrialized West. Dr. Ojermark noted > that until recently mo ~t mankind has been motivated chiefly by survi- > val, but that survival. baa .been guarranteed in Europe for some decades > • > now, and hence that it ia no longer the driving force, the motivation > here. Production and consumption (consumerism) have become new motiva- > tions for work because people have come to believe that augmented mater- > ial wealth will result in augmented personal and social happiness and > well-being: the more you consume, the better ott you are. But Dr. Ojer- > mark affirms that once one has achieved material security, one baa other > needs, other potentials which are not served by the consumer motivation. > The widening gap between what is necessary and what is actually possessed > between consumerism and the crying need for spiritualization is manifest > in youth nihilism and adult escapism. He said that in Sweden and else- > where groups ot psychologists are being employed to motivate workers, > to try to counteract this pernicious volitionally anemia. This is one > way for Rabi •ls to reach modern man: tal.k about his problems with him, > help him to discover the solutions and then carry them out in the context > of hia own life situation. > }fr. Stolpe (report under Sweden) had encouraged me to look up Dr. "-Ojer- > mark~ whilst I was in RQtlie~ and to ask him about Swedish Bana•i history. > > - > Dr. Ojermark indicated that he is not qualified to speak of Swedish Ba- > - hiatory, but that he can speak with some understanding of the pre- > ha'i > - Faith among them, > sent situation of the Swedish people and ot the Baha'i > aa he has spent a n11mber ot years as the Secretary of the NSA ot Sweden > and moved this past winter to Rome to take his position as program direc• > tor at FAO. He stated that the NSA of Sweden has its own printing equip- > ment, and that it has considered ottering this equipnent to the other > Scandinavian Bahi•1 coD1DU11itiea, to those of Denmark, Norway and Finland, > so that printing would become a cooperative ettort and to the benefit > ot all. At present the main obstacle is the shortage of tunds to hire > > •• > 1)Dr. Paul Ojerr.JtirK > Interview: > qualified personnel to undertake ~his job. fn Sweden the public schools > are wide o~n forums for discussion of Baha'i teachings, and both Dr. > and :.;rs. Ojer~ark have conducted introductory classes ia Saha' i princi- > ples and history " and pamphlet liter~ture such as mentioned earlier, which addresses it- > self to youth, and to thed.r specific problems• their personal questions. > These young people are asking questions about life now and some ot them > will not ask these questions a~ain in their lives--it is no~ or never > that t~ey must be reached with the Bah&'{ teachings. They n&ed ideals > with which to build their li"."es, as foundation blocks, spir;.tttal ideals > and not the empty promises ot consumerism aoi the vicious c~rcle of spi- > ralling greed. j\fter t:r.e leave school and sta:-t to '"'ork most of them > will no lon~er think ot ideals, for t~~Y will be preoccupied with in- > creasing t°!'leir consw-:lption. The riche~ they get the less ti.!'lle they will > have ' 1free'' to ask questions and seek an.5\'lers. ~áJhen they become affluent > they will feel constr~ined to squeeze a S!. :at de!!.l of activ.; -4-;:r into very > little time. When you are always rur~~i~~ out of time you become stress- > ful and tense, not ir-sightfu.l and spiriá.:ual. People are ot!ler-•ii=ected > in Sweden, they have no roots and so ~~~ not inner-directed, :illd Dr. Oá > ..:::rmark is concerned that > .. if this tre:: continues a demogogue co11ld a- > rise and sweep a 1 tf~1ole á?.;eneration of rá ~ :>tleaa youth into a mass :~.:>vement > damaging to society and to the :routr..s• individual lives, that even a ''mon- > ster'' could ca pi taJ.ize_oft ot the spiritt:..al vacuUlll amo?tg t!le youth. He > pointed out that 3ahi'i teachers speaking to Swedish youth cnuld speak > English as easil~r as Swedisn., that they need not be f1uent in Swedish > as Swedish youth learn to speak, :..ead and write English,á and that Bah.a' [ > teac~ers could give presentations on their Faith in English-language > classes, and that a mixed group of Americans or English !ind Swedes would > probably be the most appealing to St-redish youth and to their teachers > also. á Dr. Ojermark is most interested himself in writir..~ some pamphlet > literature > .. > ~ > in - - > Swedish which could assist t 11e above-recommended process • > Dr. Ojermark expressed some desire to participate in Baha'i studies con- > ferences organized in Euro!)e and regretted that he would not be able to > attend. my proposed semine: f)n 1'Baha'i Econour1•• slated for June 1981, and > to any other similar oonf.::.áence in swmner of 1981 1 due to the require- > ments of his present employm!nt. However ne mentioned possessi~£ a tape- > recording of a talk on ~-ii' i teachings c á .~conomy a.."'ld ec~r.:::;•á á~esent- > ed by Shoghi Q.badimi in French during a ~~l&ian sununer sc!lcol .á:ion, > and he promiser! to send ~~á : copy tá:--.ereot, ~lope fully in ti.me f ,. . .--:..7 se- > ninar. This tape I will t::.áanscribe and translate into Er~lish \-lhenever > I receive it, and I' 11 be ~~appy to make botl1 versions ava ~ . :~le to \'lho- > ever wishes to secure a cc~.rá '.Je did not speak of rrty two ..~ á::: projects. > > Papers: Ph.D. dissertatic~ on world federalism, no title, no date, no > uni~rersity kncr.-,-n. > > Publications: Translatio~~ > - into Swedish of Shoghi > , Lffendi'a letter3 to > Baha'is, including t~ose published in Englisll as áTri.~ Pr2- > :nis~d ..~z i.s Come, and Call to tl1e i'Tfltiona. > > 2)Dr. Alessandro Bausani Languages: Italian, Persian, > Arabic, Urdu, French, German, > E;lglish, ~ others > Degrees: Ph.D., Universita di > Roma, 1943; dissertation topic: > •Sviluppi storici della aintassi > neonersiana' > - > > Interview: On April 18, 1981, I was privileged to spend almost two > hours with Dr. Bausani in his home outside of Rome, t-Jhere I asked him a > - > number of questions about his scholarly work and about the field of Ba- > hili studies. ?áty former academic advisor at the University of Chicago, > Department of tlear Eastern Languages and Civilizations, Dr. Heshmat ~loa­ > yyad, professor of Persian language and literature, and my friend Mrs. > iáfarzieh Gail, and all of the Bah.i•i scholars whom I talked with in the > United Kingdom prior to crossing over to the Continent encouraged me to > visit and interview Dr. Bausani. Dr. Bausani and I began ~ith a discus- > sion. of the origins and sign!f~cance .~f r~ahju • 1 aJ.-1:a' lR ( ~i4)1 .J~~ ) , > attributed to 1 Ali Ibn Abi Talib ( á á.'~\.t,_ ,.:; -.,.:'1 ~ J, he firat of the ce- > - T > lebrated twelve Imams of Isna. 'ashari ~i'i Islam, - > ans > ._. > generally regard.= > ed, according to Dr. Ba1lSaJli 1 as authored by lmim 'Ali by Persian 9aha'ia. > Dr. Bausani noted that in general, those Bahi 1ls who have been reared and > educated in Iran do not understandáor apply the methods of historicism, > of empirical historiography 1 ot the scientific study ot religion (that > is of \vestern ''scientific'' method), and that they often make positive > judgements about matters which (Western) scientific historians have re- > served to the domain of certifiable documentation and proven evidence > with a11 rational hypotheses deriving tqerefrom, in other words that they > often make judgements based upon ideology, upon ''tradition'', without sup- > portive evidences (much less the dispassionate investigation of all ot > the facts and theories pertaining to the subject at hand). While a Per- > sian (and this includes the ''classically'' trained Persian intellectual, > the historian and theologian) might cite tradition, without being clear > as to the origin and reliability of that tradition, a Westerner would in- > sist upon a full port~a.yal of the empi:'ical evidence incidental to the > matter, and lacking sufficient evidence to make a clear judgement he might > advance a theory. but only a theory, without pretensions to advancing the > true and proven solution, the absolute and certain truth. Dr. Bausani > reminded me that, at present, religion and science are different fields > of study and of existence, that they do not always arrive at identical > conclusions, and that their methods are radically at variance with each > other. I then asked Dr. Bausani if he could recommend a particular manu- > script or printing of the Ri:?,al.~h madanfu,ih ( ~á \. ~ ~t-.... ), by • Abdu il- > Baha, translated as T~e Secret of Divine Civilization by l,tarzieh Gail {and > already mentioned in connection with Drs. A§l!raf and tfalabá:i, Ge1ámany). > and he replied that he could not help in this matter. When asked of his > vfev of Bab.a•I Economy, Dr. Bausani replied that it is too early for > this to be established, that it will evolve in due timet and that he would > prefer not to speculate •. In a letter dated March 1? 1 1981 which he kindly > sent me in Heidelberg whilst I was with Dr. Schaefer, to notify me of his > schedule that I might arrange to meet him while in Rome, Dr. Bausani re- > marked that a.s concerns his monumental work, persja ~eli~ipsa, 1Kalimit > Press in Los Angeles plaru:s to translate it into English with some addi- > tions: it seems that Dr. Moayyad is ready to do it (a rather complicated > job indeed ••• ) and I hope to see it published in English.' We spoke of > IX. ITALY > > 2):>r. Alessandro :Jausani > > Interviewt > ::>ersia l~eli5ioaa and of Dr. ~!cayyad, ~. r':lom Dr. Bausa...1i ha'i ':nown well and > á á1áaved '"dearly during the forr.?er • s studies in It.:lly in ~1i áouth. He stated > 0 1 > > t::at !~e á.-1ould be ar.ienable to the translatio!'l of. La Lotte ári át1~a Persi.'.:!.na > into :~ngli::;h, tl:e s~cond of ;i.iS chef d' <"7~uvres, if I r.lay á. ~ permitted to > sing-~~ out any of t: _s á,1orks for special attention in vi~á:á! of the f.1ct t ~:at á > l1e ti.as T,-1ritten and p11blis'.'.:.ed suc:-i a vas~ c.á . ::intity of !!1ate:: ial, since ~i.s > 1949 ~~ticld in Orie::te ~'lod~:-~o, vol. 2~", on ''Un g:hazal ct;_ (~'..i.rratu'l- 1 :\i:1''• > ~'1l1en I asked Dr. Bausa:1i tá1hy he has ~hosen to stu.jy and tc write abo1.it the > rel:.g:.on of Islam rather than the Bibi and Baha'i Faiths--!1e has been an > - > active B3.ha'i believer since shortl:r after the second ~vorl member of the tfSA of Italy for over 30 y~:irs 9 for almost ~ ::? entirety of > his career as an Isla""nicist--he repliecl that it is ve~y <: :.!ficult to be > a practicing Baha'i and to s+~dy this religion and write about it with > scientific: precision, that t-J..:.s typ9 of stt:i~r is ''sensitive'', difficult > to engage in without causing disunity, and necessarily con+~oversial. ~le > Si:!?.'!.'!. return tc th is subject later. Dr. Ba1.1sani remarked t.: -C he \-1ould > rea~A his 60th bi.::áthday on t:i.e 29t!1 of IáiQ. á , 1981 , and that a group of his > academic collea~es and for~er students would issue a comneoorative volume > of essays dedicated to his magnifice'.. .,,. á ...,.., adjeoti11e!), á..rhich would > inclt:.de a complete listing ,Jf all orá á. á á....... ioationa, current to the > aprir.;; ot 1(~1. 'Nhen I receive a eo~y á á- áárs volur.ie I will expand_the > bibliography cited in t"r..is article anc. :ar~e ~.:is available to Bar.i• i scho- > lara T been unable to secure a visa for an acadernic visit to the United S~ates, > and he t h i • that the major i!!:.pedime!1t to his receiving permission frol:l > the American government is his former :r:~:-'.:ier.ship in the I tilian Commun is~ > Party prior to his espo1Jsal of the Balli á Cause. Speaking for the Bahi'i > scl1olars ofáNorth America (and I shal: ~..; so only in this inst.ance I assure > youl), ~.~e certaiá:á :.v hope that the American ' government can be convinced of > ' > > its mistake and t~á.at Dr. Bausani will be :.1elcomed to our Continent, per- > haps in time for t~á1e publication of Per!:..:.aá R~li,ai,.9ea in English l:ranala.- > tion. For the .::ia.e:-: six years, most of Dr. Ja~i's research and writing > has focused on the history of Islamic sci.ence, and particularly ot the > science of astronom:'f• \o/hen I asked Dr. Bausani if I mig~á.: continue my > study of Islamic civilization, Arabic and Persian language and literature > in Italy ancr under his guidance and direction, he strongly reeonunended > that I abandon s11ch ideas, st~.ting that the entrance requirements are very > difficult to ful~i..11, as the~j require that the ''graduate'' stlicient read La- > tin and Greek, and read and write and unc.~rstand if not speak modern Ital- > ian, including the presentation of the doctoral dissertation in that lan- > guage. Dr. Bausani mentioned contacts with certain other Islamicists, in- > cluding Drs. Teufel (whom he described as a Bahi. 1 i), Fritz Meier (in Basel, > Schveiz) and Anna-Marie Schi.:nmel, with ,.,hom he corresponded for years. i!e > is well known and well regar~ed in Pakistan, which he described as the on- > ly official~y Muslim atate in which Bahi•Is are free to conduct their af- > fairs without fear of governr.ient interference and public persecution. Ba- > ba' is are not persecuted becat!_se they are no! regarded as r-fualims, where- > as, until recently, the At.madiyy!h {Qa.jiyyanis) were oppressed, until their > religion was designated non-Muslim. w-~en I suggested that one publisher > was interested in the English transla1:~_cn of A.L.M. I-Iicolas' renditions > of certain works of the Bib into Frencá:., Dr. Bausani took exception to > t~i!_ proposal, stating his view that all translations of the Babi and Ba- > hli1 i Scriptures be r.ia.de from original Arabic and Persian t~xts and super- > vised by the Universal House of Justice. On the subject, mentioned ear- > IX. ITALY > > 2)Dr. Alessandro Bausani > > Interview: > lier, of the distinctions between science and religion and the dangers at- > tendant upon the mixing of the two, that is of scientific study and reli- > gious life, Dr. Bausani affirmed that the purpose of religion and ita func- > tion is to create a way of life, an ideal pattern of behaviour, a system of > social and personal goals and restraints, while the purpose and function of > science is to discover realities, to see things as they are (not aa they > could or should be), to explore the actual existences, the laws that go- > - > vern the empirically-perceptible universe. If Baha'is engage in immoder- > ate scientific study of their Faith they may lose their faith therein, and > - > so, from the spiritual point of view, it is better for Baha'ia to live in > accordance with their religion and to study other religions scientifically. > Dr. Bausani and I spoke briefly regarding Baha'u'llah's Writings, an aye~red that Baha'u'llah wrote a Tablet on alchemy, entitled Ma,udih Asrnari1 > Cf.l.-1 á' -..)yL.) in Arabic, in which He presented a psychological interpretation > of alchemical transformation, and used alchemical terminology to describe > psychological processes. Dr. Bausani told me that he is a rationalistic > monothei~t, not an esoteric occultist, and that the Baha'i Faith would be > invented i'f it did not already exist. He regards ''Progressive Revelation'' > as one of the most effective and significant Baha'i principles. The Bab.a•i > Faith is generally an optomistic religion, and for •"this reason Dr. Bausani > is not favorable to what á h& described.. as ''oalamitous prophecy mongering'' a- > mong Baha'is. On the subject of pr~phetical interpretation, Dr. Bausani > recommended that I speak with Professor Husayn Avaregan, and he recalled > that Mr. Avaregan had worked with probability theory (as a mathematician.. > trained at the Sorbonne in Paris and for many years a profe~sor of mathema- > tics at the University of t'ihri.n) in order to ''prove'' the efficacy of pro- > phetical statements correctly understood. Dr. Bausani has made no collect- > ion of information related to the year 1844 A.D., 126o A.H. He mentioned > two books in Urdu on world history, but did not specify whether or not he > had authored these books or translated them or recommended them to me: What > M!i;tt Thought, and What God Did. When I mentioned Dr. Muhlschlegel's Geschichte > der Menacheit, Dr. Bausani agreed to review the portion of this work which > pertains to Islamic civilization with regard to its accuracy, and to iden- > tify .a useful bibliography and indispensible notes to be appended thereto • > ..:He mentj.one~ writing articles for Encyclopedia Persica on the Bah.i'i Faith. > (I understand that Dr. I..facEoin and Dr. Bramson have also written articles > for Encyclo~eqia Persica.) Dr. Bausani mentioned Dr. Yar-shater I~san, pro- > fessor of Pahlavi and Iran]an Islam at Columbia University as being involved > in . the compilation and publication of Encyclopedia_ .Per.sica. Dr. Bausani > asked for copies ot all publications available on faliirih, as he was (at > that time, in April 1981) preparing an article comparing the poetry ot Na'im > and 1ihirih, áand wanted to keep his documentation UP-to-date. But please > do not send Dr. Bauaani copies of Clara Edge's and Martha Root's books--he > already has copies ot these and read them thoroughly long ago. He was par- > ticularly interested to hear of Dr. MacEoin's biography of Ti:hirih and his > translations of a number of the Arabic poems attributed to her. When asked > which authofa he would recormnend to contribute articles to a book devoted > to the exposition of Bah& 1I perspectives on the modern world, he mentioned > Udo Schaefer, William Hatcher, Firuz Kazemzadeh, Jalil Hahmoudi, Hoseyn Dan- > esh, Shahpur Rassekh, William Garlington and Ezzat Djazayeri. > Dr. Bausan:i. ventured no comment in response to my suggestion that a Euro- > pean Bahi•I Studies Association be ~ormed, but I do not think he is ad- > verse to !he prospect. Only he does not regard himself as a scholar of > the Baha'i Faith, but rather aa an Isliinicist and generally a.a a scholar > IX. ITALY > > 2)Dr. Alessandro Bausani > > ::~ nterview: > of tne Central Asian and Near Eastern civilizations and religions. Not- > wit:i.standi~ this, Dr. Bausani has written a number of articles, pam- > phlets and book chapters on Babi and Baha' [ topics, and continues to áio > - > so. á~~~e Euro~ear;. aaha • i scholars are hopin~ that Dr. Ja~sani i,,1ill par- > ticipate in future conferences devoted to B~ol and Baha'i studies. On > the subject of ~n ~n?ielopedia :?_a:~•J;, Th-. ~~usani asserted that a pro- > ject of this magnitude rni:sht be prematur~ á a~ present, th3.t it might be > better to \..rait .fa!' awhile, and that such ,~ •á1ork should include Islamic, > - > Chriás tian and mar~y, many other topics .sis 3e~~1 from a Bah.a' i point of 11iew, > and not just ''purely Baba' f• 1 topi~s explored in isolation from their r .e- á > ligio•~s and cultural t.ac]cground, which is t~ :áá : 3tory of hur:ar.á{.ind. > :-. Alessandro Bausani has authored so nany ;.uá: .._c .:.ea, papers, books, chap- > ters and pamphlets, and bas translated au,ch a large VB.!'iety of religious > and literary ''claaaics'' into Italia..."l ( inclt? ..t. '.'!g the Qur I an from ;\1"abic . > and ~-:u:iar.imad Iqbal's most famous literary\"" '"kB from urdu) that it ia á im- > pcssible for me to supply ~~oá.i with a complets list of a :1 of his ~on!ri- > . bá ,t:.ons to relig::.oUG and liter~ "studies, r even to :::abI and Bara' i > - - > sc!lolarship. 'i 'he ilational Ba.hi' i Library •:>:! Italy (see report) c.:>ntains > 7 contributions of Dr. Bausani to Biibi and ?.~~a'i studids, which will be > . > > enumerated later in this report. In Firenze (Florence) I SFent some > hours in the Biblioteca :.J'a zionale Centrale, and there found no leas than > 39 separat9 works listed in the card catalogue, including a copy of ''Un > ghazal di Qurratu 1 1-'Ain,'' under Dr. Bauaani•s name. Dr. Bausani gave > me a copy of a ''Biografie • Bibliogratie degli Aocademici Lincei, •• dated > ~OCla 1976, and occupied '.'litl1 the commemoration of Dr. Bausani' s ac:ademic > contributions up to and including the year 1973: this ''Bibliagrafia'' enu- > murates no l :;sa thaa 66 pu.blic~~ions, beginning with ''L' r~:1ia vista da .i ue > grandi persor.a.lita muaulmane: Eirttni e Baber, :i in Al-Bi:::-1..1r.:.i commemoration > volume, Ca.J.c:utta: Iran Society, 1951, pp. 53-76; and ending 'Iii th ... •Is.l am > ,in_ India. • ':1.i po logia .di un c o.:itatt o .re1 igio,s o, Roma: Accadamia Naz ional e > dei L incei, 1 '.173, pp. 27. Since 1973, Dr. Bausani has aut!lored dozerus > of articles and. other p\J.blicationa, including two that I know of person- > -- > ally and copies of which !ire in the Natio_!!al Jaha'i Library of Italy, these > two being devoted to expositions ct Baha'i teachings. Aa ~entio~ed before, > Dr. Ba11aani asserted that, !or the past six yea.rs (since 1975) he has been > primarily occupied with st~dying and writing about Islamic science and as- > t1~onomyá á-in áparticular. He stated t !°:.:lt the honorary volume of essays issued > on tae occ~ion of his áSoth birthday this Y~ á""C' ( 1981) contai=1s a full bib- > liography at all of his publications to ap~~ ~ 1981. However, Dr. Bausani > continues to be a prolific writer, a.."1.d soá no . ~bliograpey of his composi- > tions can claim to be entirely comple .. . t•ihen I receive a copy of -:ie ho-_ > norary volume I vill cite the contents thereof in my world report on 3aha'i > seholars.. ~en of course such a bibliogr!l~ --~á ll not include all of the > unpublished papers o! Dr. 3ausani, hia notet=: .3 cholarly corres!'or. 1.ence, > or his contributions to Ba.hi• i historf in .. á :ak.iru;, as an Ita:.:.ian Ba.hi.áái, > world-renowned scholar in his field and menber of the NSA of Italy for á a- > "-"" > Ba.ti - > ver 30 years. lfere listed are a few of his publications related to the > - - > and BahB.'i religions. > > ~á~ibl ications: ''Un ghazal di Qurratu' 1-' Ain, '' Orienta moderno, vol. 29, > no. 10-12, 1949. - - > Il martirio del 'Bab' aeconuo la narrazione di !áJ abil Za- > randi, Oriente Moderno, vol. 30, pp. 199-207. > IX. ITALY > > 2)Dr. Alessandro Bausani > Interview: > Publications: ''Sviluppi Instituzionali Della Religion Baba' If Atti r, > dell' VIII ConKresso Internationale di Storia delle Re- > ligioni ~o~, 1.7-,?2, Apr.ile. 19~c; , ~irenze: Sansoni, 1956•. > ''III. La Nuova. Religione Ba.b!-Baha' i, 1' Per.s;i.a ReligioSB; > di .z;~~Uf!tr~ a B~~áu:llah, Milano: Il Saggiatore, 1957, > pp. 4 -92. ' > ''Bib,•• ''Baof.s, '' ''Baha' f.s, '' 1'Bahi' u.' llah, '' EncicJ.op.! of Islam, second edition, loc. cit., 1958. > ''Appendice--La Religione Babi-Bahi' I,'' ''Religione Ialamica, 11 > Le ci~ilta dell'Oriente, Roma: Ed. Casini, 1958, vol. III, > pp: "i91:Ji12 á(Appendicei pp. 4o?-11). > essim., ''La Letteratura neopersiana, '' Storia dell!.•letter- > atura Persians:, Milano, 1960, pp. 149~9S. > I Persiani, Firenze: Sanaoni, 1962, pp. 221-23. > with Agnese B2erio, Augusto Robiati, Introduzione allo stu- > dio del Baha'ismo, Roma: Instituto Tiberi.no di cultura 1mi- > versitaria e di atudi superiori, dell' Accademia Tiberina, > Facolta' di Soienze Psichiche e psicologiche, 1970. > ''Le religioni nuove sorte dall'Islam, 11 Storia delle Reli- > K~.?I!.5:.t Turin: UTET, 1970-71, vol. V, pp. '21.3-74... ~- > La C.ri:si._Rel~gio~ del.. !llondo mo~e.r.n~ e +~_fe..de Ba.ha' i 1 Ro- > ma: Casa Editrice Baha'I {?~, 1975. . > La fed' Baha'.f e l;'Unita'_ ,?!,1 5e_n:,ere ~an'?, Recco: B.&S. 1 > Editori, 1977. - > ''La Storia del Criatianeaimo alla luce del concetto Baha'i > -- > di Religione, 11 01??-.n_ion.~ Bah~' i, spring 1977. __ > ''La lotta di Giacobbe con l'Angelo, 1' Oninioni Baha'i, sum- > .me~-- > ... > " > 1927• > (f1ote: Dr. Bausani is one of the editors of 9pin.l;,'!ni.Baha'1 and has made > ma~ contributions, literary and editorial, to this intellectual periodi- > cal published by the f-JSA of Italy, and similar in some ways to '.iiorld Or- > der and La Pensee > ; > Baha"1 '1e. > ") > IX. ITALY > > 3)Pro!essor Husayn Avarega~ Languages: Perai~n, French, > English, Italian ,. Arabic > Degrees: Licence from Univer- > eite de Paria in mathematics > > Interview: Here begins one of the more '!!arvelous and remarkable stor- > ies associated with this European tour, a story which continues to this > day, and will extend long into the future. I waa privileged to f'~peak withá > - > professor Avaregan, formerly at the University > _.. > of . > Tihrin, and > ,..... then in 1 > > .ram for a number of years as a Baha'i pioneer, and a Bahi''i scholar ar:d > fiet- > > academic matl1e!l'latician~ on t..,,o occasions lln.d under rather extraordir.ary á > circu.-n.atances, A:?:::-il 20 in his home• a::..i A Fil 23 in his sickbed in the > municipal hospital of Albano l'Aziale. At our first meeting I '.-.á u almost > á~verwhelmed áby the. great energy and vitalit~;" ot this man, the powáer and > conviction of his ideas, ~he fluency of his expression, his multi-lingual > facility, his enormous affection for the Bahi"" [Cause-this was hardly the > behavior I expected from an octogenarian recovering from a recent se~iea > of heart-attacks! Then, April 21, my new friend was rushed to . the á hospi- > tal with all of -~h• symptoms ot a massive heart attack~ ~rhaps only mo- > ment:s away !ram release from this world. How astoundeu I waa to find that á > I > > he would see me only two days later 1 when he talked with me for halt an > hour vi~h all of hia characteriatio energy, f1uenc y and facility! Si~oe > then p?áo!eaaor Avaregan baa sent me several long letttlra as. well as a num- > bttr of article& he baa written over the yeara on subjects pertainjng to > the field at Baoi and Bah&•I studies, and I have committed m:r:-á;')lf to pre- > paring a number of these articles for eventual publication. > We began our discourse. vith a consideration of Biblica1 proph~cies fulfilled > in the Baor and Baca•{ re1igions, a subject which professor Aá1are~an halJ > been stu sor collJlllenced his remarks in affirming that Copernicus destroyed the theor- > ies of Aristotle in the 16th century, the geocentric theory ot the universe. > and that as the Roman Catholic Church counted on this theory as a support- > ing column ot Christian theology, the Church con.3idered that the Faith, > the true religion was provoked and threatened when this theory 1#8.S quest- . > ioned. 'ilith regard to the prophecy of 70 week& in the book of J)an!el (Old > Testament), the professor asserted that neither the Apostlea nor the primi- > tive Christiana. of the first few centuries recognized and nnderstcod thia > prediction of tl1e dawn of the Messiah, but that this prophecy was fir3t un- > derstood in the 16th- century by Johann áFunck ( 1518-66), accor•~ing to Leroy > Edwin Froom, The Pro;@etic Faith of om: F11:.thers. 1 vol. II, p. 3o8. We also > knov that the 16th century was that 01~ the apparition of Protestant Christ- > ia.?l.ity as a real apirit11al force in European society. Professor Avaregian > tells ua that prophecies are objective proofe of the revealed truth. and > hence of all . the Manifeetatio!1.3 of God. The prophecy of the 70 weeks, ea.ya > he, ~as not revealed to guide the Hebrewa to Jesus Christ, as it was not > understood before tl1e 16th centur.r • even. Christ did not refer to this pro- > phecy. But this prophecy is the key to the comprehension of the prophecy > ot 2300 daye, which denotes the second coming of Christ. In the 16th cen- > tury there was also the discoveI""'J of the th~ory of mathematical probabi1i- > ty. The chevalier de l.f.re, a dice player, ooaerveái that "fhile the number > of combinativns (ot dice) . is six altogether, between the ten and the nine > it 'W&8 more frequent that one sat.tr the nine, and that between the twelve > and the .eleven• one saw more cften the twelve. Tha dice grune was eonduot- > eci in this fashion: two pereoua thrav three dice each, and. then if three > tG ten the one, •nd eleven to eighteen the other (I have preserved thia > conversation a.ei true to the original aa poa3ible, and so i t you ao not un- > derstand, credit it to your lack of understandin3 of dice or o! mathema- > IX. ITALY > > ;)Professor Jlµsayn Avaregan > > Interview: > tical probability theory. and count yourself in good company.), then the > latter wins. The chevalier de M~re posed this problem to Blaise Pascal, > and Pascal observed that the permutation, not the combination is impor- > tant. The professor said that in order to understand this one might i- > magine that one has three dice of different colors, and that it is not > the numerical combinations but rather the perr.?Utations which intervene > in the chance of each game_. In the event that in one game two numbers > are equal and the same and one number is different, there are three per- > mutations. ~o understand.this it is sufficient to imagine that each of > the three dice is of a ~ifferent color. When you have t~ee different > numbers and three different colors, there are ~ix perrnut~tions possible: - > ABC, ACB, BAC, BCA, CAB,_ CBA. There are 27 permutations for the numbers > 10 and 11, and 25 permutations for 9 and 12, and the total of games and > of permutations is 108• ''Chance'' follows the ''law'' of mathematical pro- > bability. H~nce a prophecy is easily comprehended as valid or not. The > science of probability, which is the base of all the sciences was dis• > covered by the chevalier de Mere and Blaise Pascal in the 16th century > and has been developed since that time, although it has only be perceiv- > ed as the foundation of science since the 19th century. In physics, the > lodestone ot the theory of gases and molecules; in biology, of genetics > and births; in social sciences and in agriculture also. In his research > into propheeiea, professor Avaregan.haa concentrated his attentio~ upon > - > those of the 2300 and 1a60 days and not ot the 1290 and 1335 days .which > apply only to the Bahi'is, and so can not be regarded by Jews and Christ- > ians as proofs ot the truth ot Baha'u'llah's Revelation. So, said the > professor, in the 16th century you have the collapse of the leading co- > lumn ot Catholic theology. (and hence of the Roman Catholic religion ac- > cording to the professor). with the discoveries of Copernicus disputing > the theories of Aristotie, the discovery and understanding of the pro- > phecy of 70 weeks, andáátne unveiling of the ''law'' of mathematical pro- > bability. As for the prophecy of the 1335 days in the book of Daniel, > professor Avaregan not•d. .that > . . it was fulfilled, accomplished in 1957 A.D., > when the direct intervention of God on earth stopped, and that since that > date there is no longeráa personal representative of God on earth, no > longer a divinely-appointed directorate, for the Faith is established on > earth. He read this ináPersian and promised to locate the source for me. > (See report on Sven t-Ltrda, Sweden, for parallel assertion.) The 1290 days > was accomplished in 186.3,á as the official ''declaration'' of Mu!lammad' s mis- > sion occured in 612 (while the professor says that Mu~ad was a prophet > as of 609) A.D., and so it one takes this as the starting point of the > 1290 days and each day for a year according to the ''Biblical'' tradition > in prophetic interpretation, the termination thereof is in 1863. Between > 1260 and 1290 are thirty years, of which ten years are accounted for in > the change of calendars (from 612 A.D. to 622 A.D., to correspond with Mu- > J:ammad's change of residence from Mecca to Madina in that year, the first > of the Islamic calendar), s.nd twenty years to the ''declaration'' of Baha'- > u'llah in 1280 A.H. (May I note in this connection that the Bib, in var- > ious passages of the !_3ai1:n-i-Far~r ( f_f",\:_. áá~~.) and I>ala'il-Sab'a (f'7'.s-"1.J~) > refers to the commencement ot the Islamic Dispensation as being 1270 years > before the Bao• s ''declaration'' in 1260 A.H., and if we use his method of > calculation, 1290 years after the ''declaration'' of the Prophet l-fu~d > would be 1280 A.H., 1863 A.O.) The 1260 days prophecy of Daniel was inter- > preted by Protestant theologians, not by Catholics, and all of their solu- > tions are incoherent, whereas the appearance of the ffiib in 1260 A.H. is > IX. I'?ALY > > 3)Professor Husayn Avarega.n > Interview: > coherent. The t~o witnesses spoken ot in the Book of Revelation of.St. > John t:1e Divine (the Apocalypse of John of Pat~1os) are interpreted by > Christian theologians to ~e Enoch and Elijah,and professor Avare~ > stated that the eorrect ir..terpretation of this passage is ot~erwise and > that the two witnesses denote the Prophet Iátuhacunad and the Ir.:l~;.m •Alf Ibn > Abf 'falib. There is a dragon in theá 1260 da.3á.s prophecies of Dc.niel and > John, and so~e theologians conjectured that t l1e dragon might be the Pope, > &."1.d some of. them regarded the . year 1 á789 A. D. as the terminationá of the > 1~')0 days (years), as in áthtit year the Rornan Catholic Pope was ''abducted'' > from the Vatican and fro.m: Rome and brought to Paris where he died, tlirou:gh > +r~e instance of Napoleoná t, Empero~ .o! France. > In speakµg of proc;>fs of ~the.á Balli' i Re'relation, proofs of its veracity, > its di.vine origin and necessity, profeFSsor Avaregan cited two categories > of evi::iences, of signs of.the Revelation of Godt two classes of creative > facts of the I1Bnifestation of God: a)social facts, pertaining to t"'.le > life-span of the ~ . to 1[~92); and b)spirit1:1al facts, the sou.Ls who sacrifice themselife.s f'or > the Faith. Professor Avaregan discovered theee two categories of si~:-ns > - > in a verse of the Qur'an, which I cite r..ere in Arabic original, and in > t'110 translations--one b:y J.M. Rodwell, and the other by Husayn Avare~an: > . . > > ..J) > .. > ~ u j f J > . . . .. > ~l 1 ~ > . '• .~á _.r- > ~I > ~' > .1 > ;.!>:'. . .~ •.á-~. \ ;: > ,/ ,.,] ' > . ~\ .~.I ~áá > .. \ .. .. > .á~ ~ ~-~ ... áv> > . .. á~ > . .. > . > . .• > ~ .. . ~ > ., . . > . > > ~ > ,_r > .. > •• > ... > . •~, > . . ' > . > . > ' > á~á > I > á;á-"" > Koran (LXXI)• Sura XLI, The ~de Plain, verse 52 - - We will shew them > . > our signs in different co1mtries and amongá themselves, 11ntil it > become plain to > them that it ia the truth. Is it not enough tor > thee that they Lord is witness otáai1 things? > . > > ,:á.. . > > Qur'an XLI:52 \'le wiJ.l soon show our signs in tile world and in > their individual spirits/beings/li~es to make cleliU" tor them > .. it not sufficient for thee that He observes > that :-te is true. I;&á > all? > M:r dear pi-otessor cited other proofs from Scripture as the following: > Deuteronomy 18:21-22 for the Bib and Bahi'u'llah and Deuteronomy 18: 15- > 20 for Jesus Christ. Acts of the Apostles 3:20-22 has the Apostle Peter > saying that Jesus Christ was a prophet and not God. He pointed out that > the Gospel of St. John the Apostle, cha~ter 4, verse 46 has Christ refer- > ing to Himself as a prophet. The professor stated tha.t it ia more impor- > tant to be a prophet than to be the son of God, aa there were other sons > of God, 84 per Geneais 6:2,4 and Exodus 4:22-23. Deuteronomy 18:18 per- > tains to the prophet Mu~d, and to the Arab pe2pJ.e. G~nesis 17:20 > speaks of the tweUth Imam of the Isna á~..nart §hi'i t-tuslims. > On the scientifi~ interpretation of prophecy: the four conditions through > á which we can determine the condition, 1alid or invalid of prophecy: . > (1)Where there are allegories to interpret, it the interpretive key exists > .before and ia not created by the interpreter himaelfJ tor example, the > 1}1 > IX. ITALY > > })Professor Huaayn Avaregan > Interview: > principle ot a 7e~ for a day. (There are prophecies tor the comprehensio~ > - > ot the keys are revealed by 'Abdu'l-Baha, but these have no value for the > non-Bahi'i.) á á > (2)Where the prophecy preceeds the event of a sufficient ti:ie that ~t be > impossible that it could have been invented. by anyone who could' have pro-á > fited thereby. > (3)Where the event ia realized in conformity with the prophecy. > (4)Where the concordance of the prophecy with the event is not interpret~ > able by natural ~azard, by chance. á > Take for example the prophecy ot the 70 veeklst this prophecy is so impor- > tant that the greatest .scientific genious before Albert Einatein, Sir I~ > saac Newton, devoted forty years of his life to the study of the Biblical > prophecies and to the re~olution of the .problem of the 70 weeks, undertaken > in a work entitled, Observ:S;,tio,ns s>n th_!t J>FoJ?!lecies o{.•Danie'l;.. and th_.e" AEo- > ~al:t:,Eae of ~t. John, published after his death, for which the ácontributions > of 104 persona wa.a necessary to publish it. Thia edition is written in the > handwriting of' the time~ Professor Avaregan has a photocopy himself, made > of one of the origi~al copies, in the library of the Universita di Milano; > the manuscript being in the British Museum. The prophecy of the 70 weeks > has a scientific value andit iia :tor thie reason that the professor intere-sta > himself therein. And so, in light .of the four conditions: > (1)According to the prophecy of the á 70 weeks, there will be 70 weeks before > the annointing of the Moat Holy, and, according to another passage, ? and > 6o and 2 weeks and then during the last, the seventieth week, the Messiah > is cut ott, and then will come the arrival of the prince and of the people > to destroy the town and the sanct11ary. All of this was ac'complished in > history, according to the year/day principle. > (2)When we refer to the book by Froom (op. :cit.), we find that the Old Tes- > tament was translated from Hebrew into Greek and styled the SeEtuagint a- > round 300 years prior to the appearance of Jeaus Christ, and so it's impos- > sible that it could have been falsified. Eence, it is not possible to > claim that Jews or ~áI:a . > have talaitied these -verses. The book of DaDiel . > existed before Jesus Christ because it á~ translated into Greek, and formed > part of the SeEtua&t~~~ The first ones who knew that Daniel waa a prophet > were the Jewish rabbis who observed after the destruction ot Jerusalem by > Titus that the prophecy of Daniel was fulfilled and that Jesus Christ was > the Messiah-promised by. ~niel. The Messiah (Christus in Latin) was con- > sidered less important than a prophet but he was expected and desired tor > his pQ)'ler. Daniel wae considered a prophet until the coming ot Jesus the > Christ and even after that Josephus declared that he was a great prophet. > Froom explains that the Jewish rabbis rejected Daniel as a prophet in their > invention of the Talmud,1 and throughout the Talmud, the book of Daniel is > classed along with the ''writings'' and not with the 1'propheta11 • and in the > Jewish Bibles it is alw~a cited under the catagory of ''writings'', not > even among the twelve minor prophets. The Jewish rabbis did not want Jewa > to read the Book of Oaniel as that of a prophet, tor otherwise they would > be attracted to Chriatianity by the prophecy of the 70 veeka. These rab- > bis took this action during the tveltth century of the Christian era. Not > a single rabbi admitted that this prophecy was tultilled. Protestant and > Catholic Christian Bibles oita Daniel aa among th• great prophets. All > of the áabove is explained. according to the professor, in Froom's The Pro.. > phetic F,aith of our fat~~a, vol. I, pp. 18-19 1 and in the Enczclopedia > Judaica, under the title, ''Daniel'' 1 P• 1275. , > IX. IT.\LY > > 3)~>rofessor ~fusayn A~1aregan > > t!'l.terview: > (3)I.;.1 the 19th century, David St:-:1usa wrote a á1500-:.age, 3-volu.'!le study > otá the life of Jesus 1Jhrist in á.-1hich. he tri.ed to ::aver !Xisted, that He ".:as an i.~\.áented r.r1th an,i nothir~ more. .-:e affirmed > that t~le Jesus Christ of t3e C á..:"isti:m Cl1urch ii.d net exist. ot:1er ~~hol­ > ~s discoverl3d t~-:.e sa.-ne, such as Albert Sch•.veitzer =.n l1ia Th.9 Otiest of t!1e > Historical Je.sus, and professor AvareGan showed r.ie l:::g last chapter of this > latterá wor~~t entitled ''Results:' in or~er to r.-:al-:e evi~ :nt to r.ie that .Sc~weit­ > zer 1 s conclusior_ tias actually irhat the profes so::- r ~ á• á ásented it to b~. 'l'he > ob ~ection of these scholars '.áras primarily that tie J~...;us Christ of ti:~ t1os- > els is incredible, .md t:-::it the l'?'.anner in whi::::1 the Cl1urc:h s-;>o~i:e of cáá:.:."ist > •:1.'.'.\S not correct. T~e professor affirt!l8 that Jah.a' Is only understand á;ne > true history of Chris~ because Bah.i'u'llah has reveal~d it to them. áThese > }\is,;orian.s have prepared the way for the Baha' fs in stating that the ''oi'fi- > ci~'' history of Christ is incredible. The truth could not be understand > b~fo::-e :the coming ot Baha'u' :lah. Prophec;y 1.emonstrates tY..e val1.Le of a > prcph.et ~ather than the prophet indicating the va~ue of the prophecy. It > is.not necessary to spea..~á ot the origin of t~e prophecy of Daniel. and if > Da..~i•l was actually tre author.of this propnecá- ~ nct ••• but, was the pro- > phe~-, made before the e'!rent and was it reali7-.~ á á.~a and yes. > (4)'l'o understand the fourth quality or condit~;;.:i o::e must study mathemati- > cal probability, and this ia explained in two ot tl:~~ publiehed articles of > professor Avaregan, or which I have copies in !tali~áand ~n English, in > ámanuscript, and which are appearing in the quar ::!rly .aa.hi• i periodical, > 0-oinioni B~~a•r, beginnir..g with the first a.rtie:...~ in October 19{31. : re- > commend these pa:pers to the student af me:..~ .eroatics and of :prophetic i~ter­ > pretation, and would be more than delighted to make copies available > serious seeker. Eventually they will be published in reputable journals > and circul.:.\."t!d world-wide, in English translation. > Professor nvaregan insisted upon the UJpor~ance of teaching the Faith, and > he spo>:e ~f fc"...tr methods of teaching, all of wiiicr :.:-e discussed i:."l one of > áhie un:)Ublisl1ed papers, listed later in this r~... .,_e first r.ie4:i:i.od is > to itlpart tl::.e social teachings a.e phrased by á~~- ~": J..-.oa.'li; the secc~:d me- > thod is to proove the existence of God to non-believers, to scientific ma- > terialists and rnaterialistic scientists in particular: in this connection > he men~ioned Bertrand Russell and Friedrich iange (History o.f, !átater'i;_~lisJl!) > as ~vurces :for materialistic philoso"'.'h:r and for athi?iam; the third r~e- _,)d > to teach true religion, that which is the cause of á1~.f'e, the divine O!' ~- .. > gin of religion, i::.::luding the Greek and Roman mythological cults; the > fourth method to begin with the boo~ of the seeker, to study the Evangel > with the Christian., the q~ir•in with the I1uslim 1 to teach each the trut!1s > of his own religion, froo his own Scripture. > Besides being very far.iili.ar '"ith the Qu=' an, professor Avaregan is extreme- > - > l.y well read in Bahi'i literature avai~ áble only in Arabic, suet ~ the > masterly \-1orks of l4irza Abu•l-Fadl • > • > Since our meetings in Albano l 'Aziale, professor Avare6an and I ha::á! car-- > responded several t~-:ies, he periodically ~ending me p.iJ-ckages full o:: •11on- > derful pape~s on various subjects and ea :ime pro~~:.sing mo.:"e paclá:a:::~s > ~ith many ~~re paj>'ra, as well a~ cop~e! oc the articles he has published > ~n La Pensee B~11.a' ie and OJ2!,p.ion?-, ~.aJi.a ' ..'-.• As he ha.a not yet sent '!'le cop- > ies o! publisl1ed articlea, I am not su:á~ of their dates of publ:=..cation, > but I will cite the subject-headings of the published articles, and you > can try to fish them out if you're in a h-....Lrry to read them. _ > The dear professor and I did not speak either of an European :3alii' i Stud- > IX. ITALY > > 3)Profeasor lil1Sa1U Avaregan > Interview: > - > ies Association or of an ~ncyclopedia ~aha'\, but surely some of his papers > could be contributed to either or both, for they are full of information > valuable to BaJul•i scholars. rtowever, it is not likely that the profes- > sor will be contributin~ these !)apers directly himself, as he is over 80 > years of age and in poor health, and so I hope to do so on his behalf. He > is directing what is left of his energy on this plane to the completion o~ > his scholarly work, so I ask that anyone who \'1ishes to contact him refer > their remarks to me on the first occasion, as I may be able to be of ser- > vice to the enquirer as tt1ell as to t!le professor himself, by relieving him > of unnecessary correspondence > . • > > Publications: ''Le Sens de la Vie d • apr~a > ,. lea .Grands > ,. Ge'nies Conteraporains > de la Science,•• La Pensee Baha'ie, n.d., n.pp. > '''Scientific Proof of the Divine Revelations'', of them this > one will bear the ''sous-titre'': ''I - The Prophecy of the > Seventy-v/eeks of the Prophet Daniel.'' ••• The first part of > it, up to the ''Third Condition'', included is now U."'tder print > in the '~four monthly'' O:pinio11\ B,aha'.~ whioh must appear in > the beg~nning of October.• ?letter dated 16 September 1981) > ''R1!eri~~~1. > . - > a Baha 'u' llah nel 3uddismo, '' > - - > CJ?!.~i.oni 3a_::'1~..!-,á > Anno IV ,/~O.~.. 16, Luglio 19?6, Parole 133, pp. 23-32 • > > Papers: 'Le Sens de la'Vie d'Apr~s Albert Einstein', 12 pp. > 'Le Sens de la Vie d'Apr~s lea Grands G&nies Contemporains de > la Science•, 5 pp., incomplete. > 'La Tenda.nee Metaphysique et Religieuse des Grands G'nies Scien- > tifiques' T 8 jp. > 'Les Plans Deduita des Paroles d'Abdu'l-Bahi pour Enaeigner la > Cause•, G pp. > 'Faisant le Parallele entre Boudd.ha et le Christ•;•21 pp • > . •studio Metodico• > e Razionale dei Quattro Vangeli', 16 pp • > •studio Razionale dei Cristianismo•, JO pp. > 'The Prophecy of Seventy WeeY.s ot the Prophet Daniel', 38 PP• > 'Rational Common Points between Koran and the Gospels', 9 pp. > 'The Prophecies of Islam', ? pp. > 'The Problem ot Christ's Divinity•, 8 pp. > 'The Situation of the World in the First Half of the Nineteenth > Century', 19 pp. > 'A simple method of teaching, common to all the believers in > God', 2 PP• > '1-tetaphysical and Religious Tendancy of the Great .Scientific > Geniuses•; 12.pp. > 'The Parallelism between.Buddha and Chriat 1 ;•12 pp. > 'Grandeur et }lystare d'Amit-Abh&', 17 PP• > • > Other papers on the foll~ing topics: 'Islam as seen in the Revelation > of St. John: 1260, the proof of > Isllim', in English. > 'History of the Balii. 11 Faith and > Islimic prophecies•, in progress. > •Islamic, Buddhist, Zoroastrian pro- > phecies•, in progress. > 'Ether, from Aristotle to Einstein', > in Italian. > 'The proofs of the covenant•, in > Italian. > I ., > á~á > -MAT'-( > l....a...l..l..J- > > ḥ > • -- n ...,. á.Lt. > ... ~!'...l. > •...,L.::1 > á-e.::: > ~. > • ...áááá.... . -áá .......... -~.l.' > - - .. > .~., > • > ...... > .L. t a .!.. 1a:1 > ~ . > á.~ > .l. > • > . > Je '"-:-ees: Uniá.re:á;_; i ty of "'l.n ,...á1n > - :..<. : ~á' > - ~ - > :-1. ). > I11tervie•.1: !~a. te :icá .i. :_::1-,; ;~. !Jril 29 c-f 1931 - :i1et :á!::.::.::; r: i ~la ::;trsa :ir1d > c: áá~e conducted :1e to :,_er á>:i..::ents • l".oá:-ie in .?le . !"lee, á. ri~ere I 11et an~i in- > t ,-..~~1ie1.-1ei he:'" fat ::er, Dr. ]'1.di 1tl'1-lah :1arsa, t sc '.10-~.:i.r of t 1-:. e á.3a!1a•I > ? ;!.. :i.t '.~. cá ,~ .:.: averal !1ours c::... exc'.:ange •:1e -:.~~ ::. i!l-:1al1 !:i.ble source of ir..- > for~1tion to i~e, and I a-:i de"=~ á?lY and eternal. ~.:r sratcful to bot'.1. ~r. > Parsa an1 l1is riau:-;!1ter Lida .f 'or rleá1otinc~ t~ -ááiselves to a ns•.1c!'ing r!1Y > auest > - i..on.3. CT. P~r-sa h a:i >. ~en rec o'.'1men i.ed i: o :.1e bv ;.1 r. 3ale:..~ io .::m :i i>ro- ~ > > fes.::ort) as .á1e 11 aa otr..er Ba.::a' Is :-esirier.4: in Italy > > a5 :.~Cá ::.. . e : :an ':/Ort':1;T of c ei~á:..~ interirie\•Ietf by :áae r'1 . inClU;.fed in my su ;á-:.rey > - > of ~.~ i:a' :i. stur.! ies in Suro~e. I 1-;n.3 :=J..l.so tolr.i that r.e r.as an extensi,1e > collectio11 'JI 2.:lha' i li te:.-~ture. ~- ~e foll0\'1ing are ~t 1:otes of the i.n- > tervi..e•., as it un f o l.ci lated á:r; eá1eráy '<'10~ á: into Persian and his into En.:;lish. > D1á . ::i.ll... Se. .spo~: e o:á S~10:_; :1i Effe11di 's '::'.'.: iblet of the Centi_:r~... , á..tr .:. tten in > Persian in 1S-44 to c '}r'°Jl'le::Já:>rate t~1e delcaration of t h e ~;ao one !1tmdre:i á > :{e~s :prev:i.ously, en ti tlcl, in Persian, La'.rrh-i-Oarn (_ 0.,;t '.iea::>). > stated t l1a ": I~~aq-~(!".a~r'.iri á.-~ote an encyclope dia .f or Ba :...a' i: studies, > exami!ling e~:er-1 \á1ord o .f imi:a.;: tance in the L~•1rp.-i~ar11 1 this 111orit being > t~áto Vá;)l 'mes in lenr;t!1 and in t~e Persian lang-.iage, eac!1 volu.'Ile comp1"is- > in.g ao;-:-..~ GOO paf;es, of ,,,hich Dr . ?arsa has a copy of t á :á~ first ávol11me on- > l~r; tnis bc>ok is entitleái ~~" •,: >_., (I did not tra.ns_ l iterate t:iis title > at the tir.!e an::i :iecline to atternpt to á:lo so noá.v). La,.rt-1 -i._;-:",arn is t l1e Per- > s~.:'.ln lan.~á--t3.ge á1e1.. sion of Sl1og~i Effendi's Q.o.1. P-3.Gses ~;já, ~lt t...J1: á~:-i consi- > - > .-!-?r;-..l:á.l.y s''á1rter in l~ngt:i, a1S cent<~:1ial ~f the 3ab' s ::iani:':'á: station. > Dr. ~'a1ása ~e?_ounted tl1e ta :~e áf : Iirza Abu' 1-Fasfl Gulpayi:ani' s á ~~111ersion > t.:> tl:.e liar~;i 1 i ?ai t!1 .s .s 1.1e foá..tnd me to be interested in tl1is fati.:er of '.Ja- > }1.1 ' i scholarship. .1-'\bu' 1-Faá~~- \-Jas not a :-;reat soholar prior to ~1is conárer- > . > s1on, '.ls a. ;nu,....1a, a :.us \f ,...."':" > :.-:n ,,,1á11ne, > .,j. • b u t o nly a -P't ... er 18,..,.- > , .á á-'' ien "'..e ,na"l b ecome > a believer in t:~e Baq and B.a !-..a'u'llah. During the lifetime of~ :.'.3.'u'lla~1 > f\bu'l-Fa~l li•1ed in Iran and tau~ht the Faith t11ere to Je\áts an:.. á:0roas- > tr.i.0-.11s. 'itbdu' 1-Ja:~a sent ~in to Eg:rpt to teach ~-iusli;ns "l.nd to counter > -~ t:;: Etttac!':S of the :Ialá:azeen.;.:; (Covena.nt-3reakers). Ba!la 'u 1 llFá á~corded > t he title ''Abu' 1-á.- :\11'' ( ! fFat~~er of á.iis(to:-.111 ) u!Jon this great 1 > i schol- - > ~!', r\nd 'A"'.Jc.1.1 ' 1-Ba:..a said t1'1a t : .e i.á1as t ne mot11er a nál brot!:.-c -: 1... l .?.s > t he fat~ter of 'iiis,l om. In 10S2 !!.e ~-.~ ote :!?,.:!.il al-i\;~it.a_JJ r á- á . . . .:.:: .;:.J: • :J ~! ,) > to azt3'.'/e~á E.G. :2r2á,.,r ne' s cl3i~ th.at t~e ~~!1.~.a t ~1' .1:_-iáá:a~ i.::; ::. ~arliest and > oost ~~ eli J.ble 3a '.Ji and -5.?.'.i.a' i :1iA;.. tor~t. In 1 Jg.} (• . ~1e á;rr\) te J~ _-"'..i\-ir~' i d to > a!: sá.-!er t l1e accu:;;~1.tio1IB of Siyyid rif'.i.i3, a iál uslir.i di~1ine of Tiflis. Ife > .-r.c cte Al-.1.i•J..iai al_ -33.:tiá,~ ~r:i.!-: to ;ins•.-rc"'.:" so1neone •.o1l10 asked .-rhat ne\-1 teac!1- > - > 1 1 > > ings -~ : 1aracterizeái tá"': e á~ ,".'\.l".~' i D:'....snennat ion as comnarc : .: i th the á~ l~ist- > - > ian )á5.spensation. :1e :.:rote !1.l-:~it2a ad-:J,1~ ;i;,...:i1-~á~aá:1i~ -.,~ , ~~ i :: i8á)r3. ~[ is > - > ~--~------~----~~--~--------- - ~ > Sha_rr.e, p.ár~te :--. 1uáTá"l ~: ~1á:'.:~ is concarned_\-1ith t11e fulfill:;~ .. : of prophecies > f iáa,..,'"' v"" á o:~•s re 1 l.<:,, > ,,,,.1 > r:u . áá ions > . . t .. > in n e .!af'i3 _\e á1~ l ::\ t i. on. > ~ . - ' 1• ....., A1_.....,,.i > á. . ao- . . ' ;)_ 1. - 'oa11 > ' "! ".11 t i. • r:r 1~1 > • > > marr.J:=ataf is his tra..'1sl ation -~f 1 .~.bdu 'i-;;3.h~' s ta l~:::s in .?aris and .~mer ic1 > fr-or.! Persian into Arabic. :1is last book •:ras nubl ished in 1 ) 20 and is en- 1 > > titl~1i :!aj~i.t' a-vi ~n.=::a' il. ;-!!1ilst livi.fl > - > "" in Isr.ia' ili1 , Zr:ypt, .'lbu • 1-Fadl > á- 1 & .. F I -~ ' I > > \•Trote most of ilis á1oolts but :1e also li,1-ed. in Cairo !l.!ld in Peirut, Lebanon. > á:ihile ' ~' bdu' 1-Bali?: ':1aa in A:":lerica, Abu' 1-Fa~l finished -v.1. > C>l;.- '_;.,~ 4~JH > 6>..>1';: /y, later p1.1 blisr.ed in Cairo. :::e moáJed !rom Is!Ja' .ilia to j0:.~ut > w .1 t'.á:en left Beirut and died in Cairo, accorliin;; to ~)r . :::abib'u' l ln.l1 > lloayy ad. Sona parts of 'r~is book ~asl .n.1- :.:11itaá'.'> á,á1ere 3tollen o:r :C'~id - > a j ; > > ' > I:á:. ITf~ 'l > > 11-) !Jr. Badi 1 u 1 1 lah Parsa > > Int erá1 i e~.,: > - > i~n ;\ssad'u'llal1, son of ~!irza .\ssad'u'llah, but t~1e rest of t~e book á:1aa > -nubliahed. ' ..\briu • 1-Ba!i.a chose six or seven !3a!1a' 1 teachers from f1. .an to > complete ::i':isl a1-;;a,i tab anrJ Siyyid ~-lehtii Gttlpaygani, a resident of Ishqa- > II l 1 • > oaá...1., .:\.(;;;1!.roayJan, > • - ...l • W •- > i.1n.sI as<<:e > l d b ~r ;J~1ogni > ., • > 1 • > .wr'"'f en.d J.• t o cont inue > """ • t l.1is > • , -. • > ~..,or:c. ~I1or;11i > • • > > Effendi ~:arned ar:;ainst t":ie use of this hook in teacl1ing because of t!.1e po-á > litical content,both of ?asl al~::hitab and of Z.G.Bro•:1ne's editio11 of t!1e > :~~lntatu•1-;~af to '!Thic'.-1 it ;es;onded! . 1\bu'l-Faáil , caine to lá:no\'1 af Jrflá.:rne's e- > di tion of t~e 1á1'119tatu' l-]~£-.f, according to 7Tc. Habib 'u' llah lloa;.ryad by read- > i!lg an article in a :i3eirut ne\orspaper áá:ritten by a C1tristian p!'Ofessor. Dr. > ?area asserts that !1irza ~~i - -- > - - 'f.agani, t!1e supposed author of tl1e I~ug,ta.tu' 1.-. > - > ;:af, \á1rote sometl1ing on 3abi ~1istory but not much, and tl1at t1::.e bool( ~-1rit- > . > ten by him ~-raa ar:1plified by tl1e .:\zalia, •.,1ho t:1en pretended t11at t:ie entire > ':10~1-: !lad oeen \tritten. by áIanf l(a~a.nr l:-.i~.1Self. á~n1ile in Jeirut Abu I 1-?adl > á- - > '.-ras a31-:ed by t~1elve Iranian students at t!'le Beirut Ar.ierican Collec;e to ac- > "' > > cottnt for and explain tl1e origin of E.G. 3rovrne 1 s 1:-ianuscript of tl1e !Iuqta,:t:- > u' 1~-::::af, and 11e responc!ed t~1at this ::ianuscript caae from t:1.e 3ibliot~que > ' > r:atio11ale Gobineau. This nanuscript is not in iá1irza Jan[ !:agani' s l1andtárritirl6, and > t'b.e Irar~lan students found that tárirza T-~ane .Gl;.azvini, an avoá~1ed .l.zali, 110.d > a:icled r.iaterial to tli.is manus~ript t•tor!t a~d tl1at _!:1is copy of the !~!.1.ta_tu,',1,-: > ~-~af \1as in t~e hands of .t\zalis after Jani ~{ashani' s death. > - > gested that this r.ianuscript may be ,.,ritten in t£1e hand\áJriting of :átirza - > Dr. Parsa sug- > - iliJaz- > vfnf. Other copies of the i\T11s_ta:,ttt 1 l,-~C.3;f are extent and t!1e text of t-=1ese > 1iiffer _from the BrlP copy; tl1e original is to be fo~d in the Ketab~aneh > }ellrani and the copy in t11e 2.I~P is clearly an Azali adulteration. !Jy •.-1ay > of disavo\-1ing the claim of the .t\zalis and of 9ub{l-i-Azal hir.Jself that l1e > tá~as appointed leader of t11e Babis after the Bab's decease, Dr. Parsa point- > ed out that the Bab iiimself declares t~1at t11ere will be no leader among the > Bibi - a until the appe~ance of Ilim '.fnom God shall m~-:e 1nani fest, in 1/allid á- VI, > 3ao 14, Ea;ra:n-i-Fa;!'s~. E.G. Ilro\me stated that ~ .~:-i-Azal copie~ from l~u­ > scripts in the Bab's handwriting appointing hi~ leader of the Babia and de- > claring 11is high station, but ~ub~-i-Azal seems never to 11ave sent Bro\á1ne > the originals or even photostats of the originals, just copies in his o~m > :tandwritin.;. .l\.bu 1 1-Fa91 said, iá1hen Bro .áme \á1as \-1ith ~ubl}.-i-Azal in Far:tagus- > > ta, 1:1hy didn't i1e ta.lee possession of tl1e original r.ianuscript of the Bib in > the Bab's 11and111riting stating such t!1ings and publish such documents so that > all could read them and judge for themselves'? '-.fuy did he publish \'1hat Azal > said, w~at he sent 3rowne supposedly copied from originals instead of the > original documents themselves? And where are those famous documents refered > ta by pubti-i-Azal, '"here are the originals no\á1? > Dr. Parsa !(indly spent a long ti~e telling me of prophecies fulfilled by > the co~ing of Ba~a'u'llah, aa identified by various Bah9.'i scholars in Zo- - > roastrian and iá!uslim sources. : lost of t11e next section of this report will > be á.-.rritten iri Arabic and Persian s~ript, ~.,it~out transliteration or trans- > lation a.~d therefore of little benefit to the reader unfamiliar with these > tongues. ?u1~t11ermore, I have uná1erta.l f1... om various sources myself and in my 0 1.-m script, and so t~ere may be some > difficulties in understanding the i.árords themsel~1ea given the poor quality > of ray pe~anship. In the first citation I have endeavoured to preserve as > nearly_as possible Dr. Parsa's pen~anship. > ( 1 )'.,Jadit!1 (tradition) of t!-!.e Prophet ?á!lli;.am:nad, quoted page 91 by §E.aykJJ. ?•tu- > "!:-p.r.unad r~ateq, <.[;l 4l.L;:t: ~ t published in 1923, rega:ding the leneth of > tr1e Islamic Dispensation--one thousand years, from 260 J\.H. to 12GO .~.H. > T... !" 4"!' , l A T - \ > ~ -á á-- :--...:...J ; _ \ > > -- > 4) !.fr. ... . a .,.J. . 1" ' ~.i •11 . ....,á-_ ........ .,,....,... > . _ :l.11 -~- > ~ ~ > > c }~astise :ár:er~t . Sut Cod cannct fai~ > t:á1 reat • .~n:l áre::..~ilár, a rta~r ~~i t:1. tá: .á,~ > T.Jo1.. d i'3 as a tl101isn.l1á.:l ~iears, a s ~re ~.-ec!-:- > ..... át ~1 > 0 .l• ááá .I It > . e l.• > > ( ,~o dá.-1ell t:'anslation; co1:ipa=e S11rat :.:::<:TI :3.) > ,~ I - ..., - > .,1.~ 3..n, ~~tr;;# .á.. > +. •.r•cr-át > \.L\.: o J > ra .. . > '.\11::l t ' á:; ~--~ :.:haJ.l be a á blast on tl1e trtt'1pct, > 1 1• ~ .á:áto > anr.l .;21.__ • > :u' e in > • t'i"! Q , : ea,áens an d a ,_... > , ':T '.!) yr l > > a:-e i :'. tr~e ~z...r ti1 s~!.all expire, sa 1e t l;ose 1 > > • -1~ 1 0...., > ' L• &; & Go~ > t. ~ .-.á,ai 1 > .7,:> ;.. ......._ árouc > • • !O ..... f"'e > ri""~ ....._ o 11"1'e > 'J • r.i > ••. á .,.,, r.;:á:,all > ..... .. .&. ..., • "' > > t::ere he a.~1o t áá~.e~ bla..st on it, and 1 .: .-~ a.risir1g > t1::.ey shall ::;az ~ ai-á01ánd. ther.'l: '' > t:'ur 'an, sm.~at :a:.irv:49 > ''?aste t~1is:' for tl~.ou forsooth art t i.1e Arabic worj traru:>lated by > r.lit~ ;~ty, tl1e :1onoui.. ablel '' ::ioC:.á;;ell as ''hor.()'.>.raole'' > i s ''~:ar in 11 ( t"='_,> ) • > (3)Zc~oastr~un p~c)hecy. quoted page 36, ..Jlay!gi Nateq's booK, vitinc a letter > o! Si~atsasan, inc ~Lu-1ed in. the _.o\,:esta and á.-tri.tten 300 :fears before the 3.p- > !)earance of Ba:1a 1 u • i_lah, for •.-1 hic}1 I ca~1 offer n.:> Enzlis:1 t: ...!1~1slut ion: > > J~ ,,,_ :_>J J-5' ) I f. á _ .áf 0 6~á 1 - ;I_ ~-'~:. ,>.\.-~~ > ~._/ > •.\~, > . > áá~ > ,_:.L; ,-;.., a:; LJ~ <:>t \~ ~ \_.. > \. l _ ......,,.- I •" .,,.,.,,,, /" 9 > > • • > > ~y 0'<~/' > 0 ..• > 0L~ •• > :. . ~áá ~~ ..... > • \ .... •••• - &wt •::.r > / > > . (4)Anot!1er ::Soroast'rian ~r opl1ecy also c i ~ed. s .x :;e ~aGe of ráIate~ Is boo!á: , t!1is > 0ne autho:ááe(l tá.-10 111.ln a.11d irom a bool{. entitled . ....>, ~....;,_ 't!l... ( : > • ...., - ~/;/f ~ > ~I; ~ V'"~" r-uát~ '? /I • .. -.J~ > er: / C.. •• > > á~ .~;::~!r. u/~á• > • ;; ~ • ~\ P~;, .. ~ /~ . ' .-:J4' > > ,. > ( 5 )r\not ~1er > • > • > • • • > > • > > 4) Jr. J a á:l i 'u' l. la'-1 ?a::ása > > - > Dr . P?.. r !3a :nor>t ~". indl~r p:-0 1i::le - - Scri'!)tures .1n-j '1istorical a nd apol o:: et ic > ~:.a ' i > > '.-ror ~á~ s i n ~1i s per sori. .al l ib:c a- > ~-:át , till•i t~1is, á..1it!i. his pe::á:ni s sion, I am s!:ar inr~ 1:rit ~1 ::ou: > ,. )(l.J > - á~n:r.~il::IU ' l-1'\s111a; ~\saráe ::1. > 1~)3.r.~-:e; .Gaá;áan-i-iá'.i1.. sI; Tablets refering to > ~1 1 1a:rl~l1 1\ ::-::iad and to 3 iyyid I ~.3.~i:n in var iollS collect ior..s; quotations > f r oi:i t l1e J a b's ~árri t i n0s cited by 3a11.a ' u' llah in Ki t~b -i-3a ' di, and > in o 1. ~1e r b o o::s. > • 1 .1.,, 1 > > n -. 1ááa•u 1 11ar. > • ...,, <....4.- .. ..i... - ~ I. > - > !{itab-i-1 a ' di ; ;: itab -i-S~.. atu' l-~álulu~-: ; Pers i an texts of por- > t i o r..s of ri'abJ.ets t r a.ns l ateád by S!1o g l1 i Effend i; peer.is \áJritten > in t :1e 3 iya.11~'c~al; La•::'.1 -i-f\ ullu r~:i ' an, Baghdad, 1854 ; poems > ':Irl. > • t t en in > . u~ U 1 a~rmaniy:{in; > .. • • ' .-.a. > T, 1- > .. i r:1a- t - J.. - ,iá::t_:nt1n; > • 1 - • f ft > k.a . ' 1 d.,. > - i.-v a . 1.; > Ja 1aher al-As sará, áI .. W IF k Id .--aJ • --- - - • > .. > > ~ :aloa ulauds; La~árh-i-Sura t 'u' !.-Gabr; Avah-i-Salat1n; Ki tab-i- > !1. ~asá, nraá1.re::.. . s for :tolyá Days and Feastsá, Asar:~1 - i -C)alam-i- ' A > .k y • • 1 • H > iáaI • > > four volumes); Cod ification o f t l1e l( i tab-i-1\ i-~ arni.al a ppended; iá!oadev-i-Ase ma.."'li n i ne volumes); nasna11i > 1:tritten in Constantinople; copi es of oany unpublished Tablets > aa well as of all or virtually all published Tablets, includ- > ing in the compilations of Ialiraq-Khavari: Airam-i-Tis' i; > ~l1ari,,i'~lJ;-i-Iál~!lth~.~; Xi tab-i-Tas,b.1:, ;.-1a••t,aq,\i.l; and also in !he > cor.ipilation of 3 aha'u'llah's \árritings in Fadl • > iátazanderani's > l\.mr ira ~1.alg,. . > ' lt bdu 1 l-Ba l1a iá!l1farezat; >!akat i b; t ia da.ni -rrih; Si'r rasi-rri h ; AffariYJ_~h ; Al- > á.r..a h-i-Tabl,i011i; Khatab at; .il.lva'eh v a sa'ra..1-t; and many other > ~'/orlcs. > Tof7'~1iat e : !ubaraJ~e (Tablets á to the Persians, 1921-57); > To:'5~~i Saso~.iz.<~~h ( \á1hictj'.' Drá. Parsa described as the Guar- > dian's last •1:ork in Persian language, lil in 'táThich l1e predicts thatá the Persian 'ularna will regain > - > po\'fer in I:::-in and that after t l1at tl1ey \fill be put do\m > and rendered power less). > > T":1is, Dr. Par~ i nsisted, is only a ~táial listing of the BabT and :3ahi"1I > related bool I did not l1ave occasion to ask Dr . Parsa regarding the possibility of es- > tablishing an :Suro-oean Baha'i Studies Association, nor did \á1 e discuss an > E.1cxc,l,opedi.:i. 3a1a ~.r. e:<:cept in passing, \á1l1ich elicit~d fro!'!"! thi.s rlistin- > S- tisl1ed J~ia' 1 s c holar hisá r efe rence to I s hraq-I\l1avari 1 s ency clopedia based > upon Sl10G':1i :Sffendi ' s La•.-Jt!.- i ...:~arn. • • I S k • W > - > > 5 ) ... oná"i :~.zio!":.e C~et!l.!'1.i ne: > . .~l i. ~itu 1i.; > á~ > á~ltsu l:.:an:. > .1.cc~ái~:".'!ia :: :1zion9.le áiei. T"'ince i > > I r:lacle an 111-too-hrief -; '.1it to t:1e ~ :1r::iry of t1e Ji.CC.'.l:ier:1ia ::a- > ziona ,_ e á~ei Li.!.1cei in :1c~e • i.1 3earc h o; i: . ? 34 2e!'sia!l :tni ;\ratiic :"1a...'1u- > scr1pt.s > • > on ~ - , á.- .J ~ " á - , --:- á > a.!:<1 :..~n~t t i: )T)l.CS > • > :. > , • > ts t c áá ":: > á ,...,.;lu.3enni > á á ("'! > .,.;aor1e > " • 11 l.á ' s.. -:a tal oi.:,- > - .5!'."'l".ll. > á á t 1 á- > t á , > . -á > of t~:e ~'.lnusc~1.?ts in '.1e co lee ion or ..... a :: on:1az1one 0:1e r -. ' ,.. ': ~niá oaát" .,~ 1 lá > st11,ii :::1~sul'.::::tni, !'á'if.;e 73 :)f t~e 192.S eii ti,.::, a cop:/ of á.::1 ic~1 I :iiacoá.rered > in t:1e ~::.:1i'i i~.:ition1l lib~-1r\" of .Ital~r, ~~-:') 1.ccated in ~tome <•~ee ln~t > report). /tfter CD,reful !3earc 1 of tr.e libr á: .á~r st1c .J t~:e library staff > •.:ere unaole to locate an~r of ti.1e 34 r:ia."1.usc ~ái "::ts > ~ . Lái~ .i.t if ie!i i!l the cat.:t- > lo~, ::in1 t~1ey su;;.:i:~sted t~"!at one of tl1e profe3.sors :.ttacneJ to t:1e .i!"1onda- > zione Gaetani r..ay á.-rell i1a .áe ta1~en t~em '.10~ ~ !ith nim for p~-:-sonal pe':'"usal. > I á.r'.ls encoura.'~ed. - > ,.. t.:> return "inti t3.l1~ ~:ri th o.:1e orofessor in á á irtict gar,linr; the disn.9peara11ce of t~1ese r:1anuscripts and tl1eir p::-esent '11l1er'.'á - > abouts but •.:.ras unable to do so, anti 30 ~~t:st 1.ea"/e the locrt ~ion á'l."ld re- > vie,,1 of tl-:.ese .nanuscripts to another tr:.1.á..reller or to some inqt1isiti11e > resi.:lent of Po:'!le. Unfort11nately, I marl 1 no reco:-d of. the ~"1 "11.loCripts > ~-;uáppo::etily i!:clurled in t:á ~s collect ion., so no listing is :pá: ~1sible here. > i~o1.á1ever, if :rou ~1a~1e need of such a list T ;1r0e you to á,árri t.e to the :r,~­ > tional Spiritu3.l ~\ssenbly of t':"~e 3a:1a' is of Italy, via. Ant or. ~.o ~3toppani, > 10, 0á)19? ~on.!i, Italia, and ask for a photocopy of page 7.3 cf their copy > of Clabrie áLli' s catalog. > > 6)Biblioteca I-lazionale Centrale di Firenze > Firenze > ' > As I •;:3.S abJ~e to spend t\-10 weeks ir.. Florence I used t~ ..3 library on > .Jeveral occasions, alt:iou~h I ~áras unabá: e to :-:la}:e a complete :3urvey of > its co:itents .9.s rel~ted to Bai'.: f and Beá... ~á f studies. rrhe follo111ing is a > list of á.ihat I f'ound, in loo:.á:.ng thi."o:.:.,.;h áthe card catalogs .:or boolcs and > ru-ticles related to or authorei by 'i\bdu' 1-Baha, the 3ab, :)al1a'u 'llah > and Dr. Alessandro Bausar..i: > ! ,\báiu' 1-3aha, Le lezioni .ii S~n Giovanni ri' l\cri ••• , ~ioma: ~Jizione (lel > Cc!nitato !3a.l-i~'ár di tra(iuzloneá eááptlbl:.caz'ia';ne (T{p. G. Baiácii), 1961. > (312832); 1976, second edition. (o.27.6. 144) > '"\b .iu' l-~a_£a, La s:ig0;ezz.:3. tfi ...' .~.-}du' .l-:13a11a~ •• , Roma: Edizione del Comi ta- > > t a Bah.1'i di traduLione e pub"!..icazion~ r -i.p. G. Bardi), s~cond edition, > - > 1957. ( 3i.3633); f 1., tirth edit ion, 197 ". > .,,,, A, > . . 2?. 6. 547.) > Bab, L;;...3,eyan J\r~be, traduction en franc:-.::1~ :áá3.r A.L.Iál. Nicolas, Paris, > 1905. 1c.11.295) á . > Baha'u'llah, Il libro 1ella certezza, traduzione di Helen ]eed Bishop > (from t11e En.1lish .translation of Shoghi Zffendi), 2cma: E::lizione Comitat~ Baha'i di traduzione e publicazione (Tip. G. 33.rdi), 1955. > (.).i.2562); 1970 reprint. (J.2? •.S.54á~) '. > "Cl .. 1..h-a' u '11 > J..A:l.i . a h , !-ráe~.1ier1 > n...... 1 • > .á.e aáJ.. > • ,e 'f . á á:o~: > 1~azio'.'.:l., , '-r:' C "'T > ......... .:> • •P• (-) > : , má t:'dát > .i.l.p ..... á > i rice > ~-loman1, 1961. (3 i 29015; 3econd co:}~' s~me edition. (B.27.6.543) > Ba:1a1 u 1 llah, Le parole ce~~te 1i la'la'11 1 1l:'J.h ••• , l~orna: :S!iizione (iel Co- > r.iitato Bar..a'i di traáiuzione e publica.zione, 1977. (3.). á.2993) > '.3ai"?.a' u' llah, :.~ ~>Ja-role ce late, tr1duzione cji iJso r~. Giacnery, : Jardi, 1949. ( 11310. á1t) > Bal1a'u'llah, La !lrocl:::.~::azione 1i :~;1':-:a.'~1•i_1'3.. aá re e "l. r-::i•t:; á. - ..... tá > ~on1o, Roi.la: .'tssemblea Spiritua.le i'áTazionale . co:nd edition, 1977. (3.o.31r.:6) > ~aha' u' llah, L,e sette á.ral li ~ le q_;1a tt!"o á1all i, traduzione di fJGo l.{. > > .:. ) J iblioteca :-razionale Cent!'ale 1i ?irenze > > C}iac :1ery, :{o::1a: G. J ardi, 1949. (1131 8 .53); second e ciition reprint. > ( 3 . 7 . . ).2739) > .Ja;1a 1 , -r 1 > .:... ' - , 7" > . T).3. tt o e 1 1 ~ -"~ :-:i 1.n:t5 > • • t > t'QZ i• one á-;i.JD. \,,. ta > - > 1. , "'l > I -:" ..-. ~ • > :á.oma: .:.:.\.... • > l.Z 1one d... e 1 Co i.11• t a t o > 13.'.:a•i" ctl-tr.3.riuzlo.ne e public:izione (~-ip • G. Bardi), 1957. (J• 20.2.709) > > .., . -, 1, > .}.'.l.::a ,.. T ..1 sant.1 ~:')a,1a > . .',lo:áá h. ' - '-:'" > i a_ 1 cen t ro :.ioná..1.1.:l_e, ..1' 1 "~'-1 or:!a: 11ssern ~ "' . . t ua1 e > bl e ái .::>piri > iiazionale dei :3a!1a'i d''Italia, 1977. 3 . 'á: . \) .2)97) á > Jc..usani' .t\.lessandro t lJn 1'Gazal'' :ii r:,1r:~atu' 1- I,'\. in, ]o:na: Tip. G. Bar di' > 191.,9, estratto da Oriente :-:lorierno, A. }C\I:\, n. 10-12, 1949. ( 15726.10) > '"3a.t1.sani, La letter a tu::"a i1eo-oeá:~siana, \S toria rlella letteratu1~a pe.r.s_i.a!'l~, > >~ilano,' 1 9~0, pp... '11+9á_393: '(Sala Lettura': Lett. :c-:::01r,if' > '3ausani, IJ~ iá~a.:tirio rlel 1'3ab 1' Secondo l .:J. :irra.zione rii l'á! a.b11 Z.:1,randi, - > m. ,. , .,.., > .Ll.p. Ve w:::u' •.\l. 1 > ,I. 19r.::o > ; 1 eS ra > t tt 0 á~..a 0 !'l.e'!'l. > . t e :'10 ~.er ~o, -áár~I' .\...\. />.• 1 ,-~) á'.)/- a • :.) > . > ;3ausa...'1i 9 Persia r el i;::-ios:'l rl :i Zar :'l.tust1~a a 'l,"J. ' ~áa.' i1 • J.la1:, :á1ilano: Tip. > P.E.G. 1 19á59. 3ala Lettura: S tori~ 1ella relig ioni IV,?) > -qa11sani, I nersiani, ?i:--enze: Tip. T.:S. ::3., 3ansoni, 19:;2. (C.3.1oo8.1 01) > (L isted (lere are all of t he bo<91á;:.s and artic'le . s b~.,r > .. Dr . Jausani 1:1 hich rien- > tion t :1e 3abI and 3a'.1a.'f religions and .are to b e fott..'ld in t ?1is collection; > al to~et her t 1-._ ere are thirty-nine separ~te titles 1 isted un:l.er Dr. Bausani • s > r...:'1.r:ie in t11e card catalo~e, and hence t~1is is a -.rery .Partial listinz.) > > 7)iáá! ationa1 Bal1li' i Library of t!1e á Ba11a' ls of Italy > > •• > .ti..s a result of the generous and \-1arm hospitality of the Ojerr..ark and > Vahdat families, I tátas able to sta~r in ~o~e for over a \•1eek, and during > that t iine three days at least á.-.rere spent carefully sifting, reorganizing > and partia~ly catalo.guing t l1e contents of t :iia large Baha' f librar-J. In > order to a.void ái uplication of effort, .l;.: ~a.v.~ raar~á~ed all U •JOl(S aut11ored by > Professor Bau~ani and included iz: > t 1.1e. f~~ .0;f Italy ~..1ith an asterix ( • ). > ~áJ:'lat follot'l'S i.s not a complete li.stin.£5 of all 1Jook.s and pamphlets and > .periodicals in this collection--! ~.e.nt .mq&~ of my tine rearranging thing s > á cJld so •.-ras unable to r:ia.l~e a complete li.~tini-s--but it does represent many > of t l1e rru""e and interesting naterials h eYe aá:ailable to the Baha'i scho- > lar.- Of course, all translations of )Jah:i' .i ~átritin[;s fror.t English into > Italian 11ave been left off this list a.s., t h ey are still in print and a- > vailable f romá the Casa Edi trice Ba'ia' i, Circoncallazione iáiomentana 484- > ..\./1, 001 02 Ro:na, Italia. riere cited . . boo~{S . are > ,..1!1ich I l1ai1e seen :tere for > the fir st tine: > . - > Lucienne i iig ette, J3a!1:~'11 1 1.1á3,!;. (12,17_-1 0~12i),,.l~essa.::;er rie Dieu. 2!'.q_9lape ~'. / > ) > > Uni. te :tu : Ionde, Trois conferences; publication approuvle na.r 1 1 .c\.ssemblee > S pir i tue l le des Bal1a' Is de Lyon, f e\..rr.ier 19 )3. > George To\,m~hend, trar..slated into Gerrr".an hv K>t1.-iolf Joc~~el, Die alten !-:ir- > c:. . en ' lr..ái, lie!"..ne~1e 1.~e.l tglauEe, carbon CO!!'J stapled and taped together; > t h=-ee printed copies, 3a11a' f-~/erla6 , Frankfurt-am....;áfain, 1959. > Oli'ál ia ~(els e~r , ']?á.-10_ s hall ap,pear, 1 A .. á~eli;)i o.i.1s-!Ii storical Drama i n fi.ve > :'\ cts, a pproá1ed for publication by t r.e iTational Spiritual J\ssembly of > - > t }1e Ba t a'is of the United States of A~e~ica and Canada; copyrighted in > 1943 by t t1e author; I.a~bert :á!oon ?~ inters and Stationers, Independence, > :iissouri . (copy is inscribed by the author as a gift to the Giacherys.) > 14-0 > T '.' ;-. :'1•1ár > !. ,, .... -á~• ...J . > > /)i:at '.o ::;il á2aá,7i• i - Li~rar~r of tiá.e . );".\á~.'.l > I 'I' > - -1.3 > ' • > > :~o::i•-t ':of::-ia~1, .'\ So'i~1e'.!1t ,álr 1 r :in t á á.e á.ii l 1 J.nd Testo.~.~ent of '~\bi~'l-l;i>!1:, ~on- > .i_c:á.: ~2:\~1a•I ::?u'blis'.1i!lr:t ', > T:táust of t '. te 3:.-itish ~3les, 191t3 1 copy ; ~ec•1n.i > e1itio11 , 1S47 (2 -~o-pi~s). > ""\...-[.-. á.~.. .,-.-..J. > .....) á'." ,.,c.,.o > -Y-..A. t m,_,,.. > . .... ,,.,.,,,1,1--.le r!ont.,..i"but .;,... .., of' tá., > ~ Ill • •• - _ . ... - _,/ - A ;.,. ~ ... .I,. > - > <#' ... e '' =3 a ~.-.3.'i ~:J.u.se", Shan > .- "'"tr.-,':1ai, > > - > 1 Ja.::u .:i:::-~.' > 1 q32 > ; , :.á . '....,., .. > 11.~ese. > á-: 11 .~.--- ") O;'et.. : (C""' > ..J • J. l '\ •.: > Y"!.; e1- t m~' > ;..J<.40.... > . • - ._ > ... - • .=> '."Jnell > . of .i..i, > ~ .• > e Mo; .• v -áá ~ > ... ~:..,"', -á ' > á1 ájá-- > . ) ,.... > \_ > > E!1Zo á:~ ;i, ''~:ulla :Ji nuo,10 e tutto di nuovot 4 . ..\less~""l iro Jau3ani, . t:rsia > .:e:i.i áiosa, 11 P~'á 25-?.5, I.l.. )ac;~ia_,t,ore,, cataloeo !áJ .3, ~'~ut-Inv 19S9-\ .!l • > ...!,. . ::"3..."'.::: e~ co Ca."'l.d e 11 > _ iá , -. LS .:..:i.::i1.:. > ~ . á -:o, .:.-.., o:.~.a: ~ácc > , a :.a > > > mia > • m. b . > i.: J. eriP..a. > I r.s t 1't ~1t o ~11 > '. ,, 1 > 1..1 ll ...- > • > tu.::á'1 lJniálersi-:aria e di S~udi Superiori. ? a colta' di Scienze Psichic!1e, > 19 - ~ ), pn. 94-":02. > i:iicola Turcfii, 11 11. La ~-ii3tica. Capito lo TJII: L' Isla..~is-".>: Il Babi.sr:;o, Il > :~al:ais!.!lo,'' 11~. 2 á;2_:~3, ~::1nuale .ji 3to~ia .áf ella Reli~iá0ni, Torino: .:.:-:-at- > - - & ± ..... I• • IE II L IE ... 14 • I •- > > clli Bacca, 1912. _ > :\lceste 3antini, -~1."1-1 :•e :\rtissi, Gioreio Capezz:uii, ''T,a ~"'ede Baha'i,'' PP• > 30 á -:-3o8 , '. .. . i > . ino-~ ?..r-..ze o 1. -_. ~J...Js . -t , . ..... .J • • ,.. i á . . > 1 :i ~ o. ..... 1.a, ..c..o. t izione _--:e 1;;1on1 (;. .:~ ;i, > . 1 ("-,;; áá9 > .á • > Cu1~ i.o. 'r . ár_ ;,á'.l..n. ~a r-r1::1io > . :Ol't art, . . ;d'. áI\~s~.. a. ~:,1..:tE:f1.0_ > • • ~ > : -.:1 ml :i..r;r1 > • • > .st1._ :1ar .cD;s:;:10 > . ~ > 3ocieta Eái itrice Il1ternationale, árorino, '1942, !JP• 200-202. > J:ái_' no ~:1cati, ~ 'TsJ.ar1, CollJzione Omnia, 11, ]or~a: Pr;.olo Cre1!1onese, 1á; .::ry, > .,. . 44 > -tot• • > > ~~m-t~.10 :tario rtoreno, ''Le Eresie, 10~-Babismo e Jehais:-.10, II PP• 105-106, > L' -~..Jlamismo, !á1 ilano: Instituto Ecii tc_:-.;_Slle (~a lil~o, 1947. > ,,ar t 1no > .• . ..1ar10 > { . ''i-.oreno, ''C ap. •r, - L' T_5 1 U!:~ sci.sma > . t o, 5• .n,,:ib.is!:l0 e -q • > .:..aá1a t 1s:~o, > • ,, > > pp. 123-25, La Dottrina ~ ~ 11• Isl~m, Bologna: Li~inio r ;pelli, 1035. > á Eduard ?áIontet, ''Cap. V . - 'l 'entativi di roJforma nella religiop.e (li ~'\.llz1h, 11 > PD• 119-40, c~.._e Cos'e L' T sJ.~á :-i , t"?'.'ad11zi.one di Aldo. Sorani, ~"'ire!'..z~: Li- > b~eria I~ter!'lationale A. Tie l tra~. , ~.d. > 1Ieimut:1 van Gl.1 senapp, rJe r,e,ligio~_i. ~11."ln cri.st~_;:ir~e, [áfilano: l!eltrinelli ~- > 1itore, fourt~ ejition, 1971, p). 1i, 29-32. > Frie;_lrich f~eiler, ''L' Isla:nismo ,'' p. 2:;9, ''"rentat iá1i di t.::::"3. sintesi delle > religioni, 11 pp. 296-97, :St.or.i._a. rl.el le re áLifjiO_A,~.t traduzione di Giulia Dei, > Vol. II, n.p., 1959. á > Lucio.na Loi• Alcuni aspetti delle Fede di ~)aha 1 u 1 lla."1, ' tesi di laurea > > Uni1r~rsita' de!!li studi di C::i~l_i.~.~.;_, ~Pl.col!:1' i i scienze polit l che, an- > no acca~e~ico 1973-74; 429+22+11+10 pp. > Sangiorgio Gi11seppina, 'Il i:\ovir.iento religioso persiano babista e il suo > . > sviluppo nel r.iovimento 3a~-:a' i,' tesi di 1_1urea, Uni11ersi ta' degli studi > - > di Bari, á?acolta' di lettere, i\nno acca'iemico 19~)6-67. > Augusto ~'.cbia~i, Uo~o ;Svesl.i.~t.~, ?.oma: Casa E:::it;ice Baha'i, 1973. (2 cop.).. > n.a., •t;! !_l.1nova:11ento Spiritualista e notizie árarie: Il Baha.is mo ne~.l' ..\nerica > del t-lor-: , 11 ~;p. 61-62, Ultá.~a • .2i~ri.~~-+:9. Teosofica Ott. 1<á12 .... > 14-1 > 'r > ..... • > ,. ,. ,.,..,M-"-\ > .i;\. > • '..,. .....,, > ' J.. > ' .....I _I ... > > J,."lr1;~13.,;es: 2r1;;l ist1, Ger!ilan, > '"';" -.~ > - J. > e nc i., > . 1 > > De;;!" ees: 1."'11 . D. in ll.. ;ir!linistra- > tion , U:1i~/e:csit~.r of \fienna; > á:lissertation topic: • J ie e;e- > - > se llsc ~1aftspoli t isc!1e ]olle der i3a'.1a I i -Ver :1al tun[;Sordnu:ig innerhalb cier > > - > Ger:ieinsc~aft Qer laha' i, under besonderer 3etrac1r'..t'.lng der zá.-1ei leitendená > Institutionen,' 1977 • > . > Intervie•,1: :.Jr. neá1eririGe and I ha..1e been corresponding irre_sulL!rly since > spring of 1978 , 1:111en I started to cor.ipile my S11ayg:l/'3abl/3aha' i biblio,:~ra­ > pl1y. I ,..,as most fortunate to be able to spend over a ~.-.reek v1ith Dr. Bever- > i (lGe and his family in '/ienna, and to r:'la.!-:e f11ll t1se of t!'lat time, s tudying > in t~<10 of t ':1e Gl"eatest Austr.ian book and r.ianuscript collections, visiting > ~useums, and talkin:~ for many hours \á1itl1 Dr. 3everid3e and for s !"'.ort per- > iods á.iit:i. other 3a '.1a•is resident in t he city. T:1e follo\áting notes are not > organized, are sketchy, but t hey have been reviewed and amplified and cor- > rected by lli-. 3everidge hi.;~self, so ~r ou nay b e quite sure t ~1at t hey a ctual- > ly represent \-/hat h e said and not some invention of my fertile imagination. > i~e ~entioned t hat Ulrich Goll~er, a Ger~an political scientist and Baha'l > has made p~otocopiea of some of the ~aterial originatin~ from the Te~pel­ > sesellschaft in Stuttgart. As I \-Taa not able to intervie,,., 1-fr. Gollner rrr1- > self, I •:1as unable to verify this point. I asked Dr. 3e ..1eridge about his > t'10rk in the field of Bar..a Ir > scholarship and he spolce of the follO\áling: ( 1) > he organized the i,Iational Baha'i Archives of Austria for a number of years > and kno1,1s this collection .better than anyone else, and continues to be as- > sociated therewith inasmuch aa the Spiritual Assembly of' t11e Bafia• is of > Perchtoldadorf, of \'1hich he is a member, waa nade responsib-le for the de- > velopment of the Austrian Baha'i Archives by the rtational Spiritual Assem- > bly s !-101..tly after my departure from Vienna9 h e sho\á1ed me the collection and > I found it to be the most comprehensive and best organized 3ahat'i:: library > in all of t he European communities I visited; (2)he established and operated > the Bahi'f distribution service and publishing trust for five y ears; (3) he > \1rote his Ph.D. thesis on 'The sociopolitical role of tl1e 3aha' f ad.~ini s tra- > - > tive order inside t he Ba!"ra 1 i community, \•tith special reference to its t\áro > leading institutions,' the Guardianship and t he Universal iiouse of Justice, > and a copy of this thesis ha.a been deposited in the ',Jorlc.1 Centre Library > in I!aifa--this dissertation ".'/as read and h i g hly praioed by Dr. lJdo Sc!'laef- > er of ~e idelberg as the moat-comprehensive study of the Administrative Or- > -- > der of the J a.hB.' i Faith as yet undertal-:en and '.árell tárorthy of pttblication; > ( 4)he has researched tl1e connection bet1..1een the Baron von Prolcesh von Osten > (hereafter riesignated as Pro1i::es'!1..0sten) and tl1e .3 a11a' f Fait~ in the I-Ia.us-, > -- > .iiof- und fitaats-Archiv in "'lienna (see report on this collection), sent a > i'eport áJetailing his á:iiscoveries to the Baha' i ',Jorl •..rrote a paper on one aspect of t h is research, \•111ich tá1as accepted b~r t11e > Canadian Association for Studies on t11e Baha'i Faith ( no 11 t 1:.e Association > - ) - / > for 3a l-;a' i Studies for publication in t heir periodical Ett1des Ja11a ' ies > ,, ,, > 'laha 1 i St tldies in 1982, and for á..1~1icl1 '!-1.e •..ras ai.á1arded a prize of á:)100, _5 ) > 11e has collected articles in Ger~an l a%-uage on the J i 11a •1 Faith •.vritten > b~r non-Ba~-.a •Is; ( {) )he has started researching Austrian Ba11a •1 hist ory, but > Jai-ill. ' i Faith , and so 11e turned over all of his tapes and not ea to ~-tr . ;i:DL'l- > biz Poostchi (see report following); \-Ihen supplied iáIi t'.-1 pertinent questions > by ?lr. Poostchi or others, he \o1ill continue to tape intervie\-1S '.áIi th indi- > vi1lual 3a}1a ' fs in the vicinity of Vienna, inasr:ruch as the early believers > :-: • .:\!J3 TRIA > > Int ervi.eá,1: > in ..\ustria :i..re ,J~ri::ig O'.~ t:; (7) ~: e has studied t :á~e :iispa.tc~:es of ;\1:1.strian dip- > lo;1at :~ =.n t?le ~ li ;:! t!le "F.:ast '! ....... i..:in-:; dt.i!'.'ing i3a:1a'u'l lah 's lifeti::ie, á.á_il'.ic :1 ::ien- > t ;.... on > .. ".':;;;-.\ > ...,,...._ ... _ ~3 > .~- o- -,a~ > - ;-, Ts > "-'-"'" ... ' á"'•• ',"'• d > ., ...á. á"I .S > (~ ~nlre"" 1~"'.""! > ... ..,..ead > /,.. l-......l-.. . ' ;'! • ~:-;., all '11 > ..,:.A,;,•" ,,_ á -ST'1tC~ > !"' á -" e,:: > ~. .., ;o..,_ > . t '.á1e > :re á::...:ás 1 ~'A-1':)00 from árr.:;.!JeZn!ld. an.1 Constanti:-iopJ.e; 'f ilrr'iin .:1 n:.l J eiráá .t t"iles. > an.1 t ~,\~ ~ab~_et of la:1ilu' l::.:.i1 to S11pe::.--o:- ? ranz Jose! can not be loc<.ite::i; > > (f}}1á~e :!as l""ead a ':1U."Jber of r'.cader'.lic ntudies of Aust-;.~i.an .~orá e ir.n ~'á:l.3tions > in t :-:e r: ir..eteent~1 cent~1r~r, inc ludin~ La•:rrence ~ab~~. . • !3 'Prol:es 1 '!0:1 Osten > :l!:ci ~\•.lr;t:ia'a 3al~~a:i Po~_ic:r 18 . :0-72,' P!1.D. 1isse: :.tion, Uni~:-= ~~ sity of > Pen."'lS.. ,. .-:ani:i, 19?3, and .rel!:Iut Slaby' s Bin .iensc:1ilct .11:,:f Sonnen2. . á~á.r Ft, an > > :iiG".:vr:~ of Au.atriar..-Irania :: relatio;_:; , to* be pubiiahe:j. iri. 1 982; :1r: has > ass:..3te .i i!s. ':!endy :Ieller an:i .\ Tsars. Jan J:J.sian and :i.~1t i.1ony T.. ee as a re- > searcher; (9)he will coIEYlete his report on the Austrian co!LTJ.2á~tion to > t :1e }1istory of the 3al'Ja' i FL-;.i"t;h in ti1e Orient, that is of the contact bet- > t-:een At.1strian non-Balm t 1s an,1 Persian, Tli1ákisl1 and Arab Baha 1 Is ~n a year > or so; (10)!-ie has done so:-:Je l''esearch on th11 boat journe~rs Bana'u'llah > anái Ilis cor.i~'1ions made, incl".ld.ing the var~ous stop-overs, on iiis 'iJay from > Adrianople to 1A}:lca, builc:ir.g on research undertal-:en by iáir. Pooatchi at > the request of Dr. GiacherJ (see report on t-ir. Poostchi), and l1e sent me > a r,!1otocopy of tl1e report on 11ia findiI'~S to ..iate; ( 11 )he plans to study > reá-o orts of Catholic and Armenian missionaries f~om various locations with- > in t~:e Austrian (Hapsbur~~ ) 1-::: apire to. locate -:-eferences to t r.e Jabf an'l > Bana' I religion.s--there ~rere hundre•ia i!" no~ tho11sands of sue ~1 n1i:.:sionar- > _!es during Baha'u'llah's li~eti!':le in :::hlssia, Tur~i:ey, Palestine 'in .. perhaps > Iráan and 'Iraq :is \.fell; ( 12 )he plans to be making contact •,11i-: -~ t ~e i\ustr ian > Orienta.lists' societ:.r, the _tammer-Purl!stall gesellscli..aft, :t:oundeái in honor . . > of He!'r !ia.'!lI!ler, an Austrian Or ientali.st ,.,ho to/!'ote a ma.sterful study of the > Ottoman E:ipire; (13)he r~as been \•rorking as an assistant to ?á~r. Jan J;:i.sion > (see re:;>ort rmder United !':ingdom) in locating bool{S and periodicals for > the i1orld Centre Library. > In response to my various questions, Dr. Beveridge gave his concise and ex- > pl~.cit responses, \othich I \~ill endeavour to communicate to you :i.n t!1eir pris- > tine purity. ~ {e is in fa~Tour Of the development of an inforr.-.ation-sharing > net1.vO!:'k among Ba:á:a 1is scholars, and is also in favour of cooperative en- > dea,1our among scholars except •;1hen t h ey do not share interest in the sub- > ject matter--for example, Dr. Beveridgeáis eager and able to ~ollaborate > - > \;rith other ac:~olars on Bahi' i historical studies but is not -'.' t:-:.1.. ;1 cted by > SUCtl s11bjects as the Shay},illf doctrine of resurrection and night-fli0ht or > an::-:t!1ing else 11 esoteric 11 for t'hat r.13.tter. Regarding his disser+.ation, he > \'1 1 ~tlld be l'rilli14:-; to translate it into Eri.glish if he t-rere to rt:) á ..!ive an ad- > vance fro~ a publisher to :111en asked -:.'1r1at kin:: of literat~e li.e believes to be necessary to au;.;nent > > \i~.a!_ is already available, both for . t :1e in tel 1_~ctual refinemer.-:; of t ~1e Ba- > ha'i co~rnunity and for tl~e conveyance of Baha'i -concepts to intellectuals > of our Gener~tion, Dr. 'Beveridc;e responded that t '.1ere should b"' 'lcholar- > ly books ';Tritten and publisl1ed, made readily aá..railable, books such as t~ose > b~r 1á1r. :Salyuzi, ~1it:1 more notes on sources s o that they v1ill b ~ acceptable > to the academic standart:ia of so r.iany conter.lporary intellectuals. I!e also > h~ a high regard for Johná It11nrileston' s T!le Ear.th .is 3.~~ !J.ne C;)1mtri,, as > be:lng botl1 scholarly and read.able. ~lie need bo\1l:s on Ba:1a' i 11 ; ;._ á -:-,ry and > doctrine related to world hist or:-" , currant events, interri..ati c::~~l law, the > future prospects of htimanl{ind, bá:.o~:s eJC!)loring parallels bet,.,een B~1a'l > teachin"".'s and the teac'1ings of Ia lam an.ct ot11er reli,~iora, on t i1e sit;riifi- > cance o,f Cove:ianta (in tl.,_is connection he mentioned a book begun by :á!:=-. > J.L. Jonnson in Canada), a scholarly study of the social, ~olitical, art- > .,. > .. á•• > ~ .......;...J ...... \. > • \.'•I > ,..,~~-~ > > ~ > \ > > 1 ) •)r > .. . --á ... á1. .-. . ., - ... . "°!"'_, e > •• e..,T" ' > ; > L > - . e~r~,...l. > ~ > o ' > á.; > > I!1t e1.. árieá. 1: > i~ti.c, le';al, econo~.1ic, > ráel iE;ioi.ts, p11 iloso!)~:ical a~1-i p!1.~rsical 1'c lina te'' of > I-:_á::i..n tli.r..~in;á; t:1e 1.ifeti.:-::es of t .,_e Jab a?id ~a:-a•u•11~:1 (1317-1:392.1 i.e., the > > 1 Sti.1 cent11r~r), i.nc ltt lin;; t'.1e "'.1istori.cal ~:;ac:~,:;~01.tn1 of tl1e la'.1a • i .?n.i t!1, > on t'::e state of T3l.~::1 in t:.1e 19t~ centlt1~~r. :-re is fi..á.11 of i~leas, of topics, > so if an~r of 7ou are at a loss ah out •. 1~1n.t to study ::.nd ,,rri te about, a'lcl1áess > :rotl!áselá,,-es to Di... :_jeá.reri:iz.;e ••• :_1e' 11 suá....,1i~:e t~1e o!1slau:=~t; I r:iay not! 1\s > to the :;ierennial qt1est ion of met !i..odolor;:'r in stt1á1yir.g t~1e Ba~a' i Faith, Dr. > Jeve:?:"idge stated that !1e does not re5ard it as ir.iportant o.s 11e sees :1is > f".L'lction .;ts fact-gati1e~ing, . leavin.1 it to futu:.. . e scriolars to try to ex- > ylain tl1e facts. Fu1... thermore, he is a belie'f1~r first and a scholar seco!ld. > L.3.stly, as he lcnot-;s of no specifically 11 J.3J.1a' i rlethod'' of scholarly inves- > ti~ation he steers a.1:iay from th.e sctol1rly sturly of t!le teachings and fo- > C'.lses on l1istory ábased enti1..ely on ei:ipuáical sources. Tl1e 1'German'' r:iethod > et-:ployed in At1stria is 1•critica1 1• and as 11e refuses to be ''critical'' he > facts,co~relating them and steering clear of making jud.6ements, conclus- > ions of any l{ind, ot11er t11an those \'ihich follo~-1 clearly and factually fror.i > the clearly established documentary evidence itself. > Ir.:'. Beveridge oited some of the sources r1e has collecte~ 0 11er the yea:rs for > tl:ie study of the ''Austrian connection'' and of the Baha'i Faith in general: > 1?á:-iedrich Engel-Janosi, ''Austria in :the summer of 1870 1 •• Journal of Central > :S1rronean 1\ffairs, vol. V, no. 4, January 1946, pp. 335-53 1 this article > based upon the diplomatic reports for the years 1869-70 nov1 in the iáJat ion- > al Archives in \áTashington, D.C., upon the protocols of the Viennese consuls > for July and August 1870. in the Staatsarchiv (HHStA), mem~irs in the pri- > vate archives of t!1e Baron Schleinitz-Prokesh, formerly in Gmunden 1 Upper > Austria, now in the IITIStA. He ha.a photocopies ,2f pilgrim's notes, origin- > als of '1111ich are in the Austrian rTational Baha • i Archi"1es; a sr.iall collect- > - > ion of dissertations written by 3aha'i scholars; excerpts from periodicals > ,. , > - > on Islam; and selections. :.fro~ various sources on religious history. Regard- > ing the Horman religion he told me of an article by Artemus Lamb, translated > into German by Etty Graef'fe as ''Die Erfullung der ?~formonen-Prophezeiungen, '' > and published in Baha'i-3riefe, Heft 10, October 1962, 9p. 2~5-48. He also > pointed out two articles in Ti~e magazine which are of interest to me as > an historian of t:ie year '18'r'i, and befol:'e I left Vienna he gave me photo- > copies of both: August 2, 1976, ''Prophet or Plagiarist?'', under the 'Reli- > gion• byline.examines the somewhat shaky foundation of the Seventh Day Ad- > áventist Church; ~á!arch 30, 1981, ''And They Knew ~lot Joseph, An 1844 paper > raises doubts about ti1e Jáforrnon succession,'' p. 51 cites evidence that the > entire Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints may be founded upon sand > rat~er t~an upon the will a~n testament ~n~ ~coo~~ing to the instructions > of its prophet-founder, Joseph S~i!h• Dr. Beveridge also mentioned two re- > f ere nee boolcs of use to sooe Baha'iá scholars, Paul I1engge • s Die Bibel-I{or- > re~-ctur, '.•/ien:Verlagsijet'leinschaft Orac-Pietsch, 1980; and F. á,á/ustenfel1 und > E. itahler, a re-edition o~ .t~:i.e J. :ta.~rr and B. Spl1ler Vergle.ichungst8;b,e.l;: > 1=,~n zur .mt1slini.schef1 ~!nJ ira:"'!.:Ls_ehen Z,eit,r~chnu~, first publisl:led in Leip- > zi3, 192~, and in t~1ia re-edition in 1:/iesbaden, 1961, and consulted b:r > S11oghi Effendi in its first edition for nal~ing the correspondence between > - > Christian and ! Iuslir.i dates (as in writing Dat-1n-Breal-:ers). > Dr. Beveridge as~<:ed me to lool<: for a nllr.lber of yublisl1ed and unpublished > bool<:s and pe!'iodicals in the BIITJS and BlIP and upon rtrJ return to the U.S.A. > and a.":long these •.1ere the folla\áring, •11hic1-t I cite for your interest and \o1ith > some ~ope t~at some of you may be able to locate some of these items for > . , > .... .. " '>:."""'l •\' f'°' ' > ~ -á....:;, ~ .. ~ .... > > -á ... ' > -- -á\., > -e r á -1~á > J > . > ~-- á > á• > ~"' ;~ > - .. - á áá > { ;') "" d -á~ ~... ~ - , 0 ""e -:> > ....... .1. > "" •.) .'"'.• 0... áá•á10,... > • ..... :.. > - á. •' ) •• > • r.a • ááááou'• , I <:::. ' 1 .,•. _ ..,, . .. ~ o f 'áá. is ' ..á. .,1 1 r o".°' > . ean ..,,.;1, .,_,,~ • :\ ...,°' ..,... 1.C > . u. ~"" > .i.. > "" 're1.....s 'áIJ. > á--~á á..•• . t \i ' ''áá) ' ",U I 1- - 'J > 1 . á-:-:- á ' ,_n > á '-"áá > "'ááá . - > • ' á -. ... ... . \ - á "-áá ./ .. - ~.. > - - á ;~ • •• .•• • : . -.; - • . • •• "'' > T)r..á á .,.1á.,,., > ... \,:.ii u. 1.. -. > !:,.) ... > .... . áá á-, a o r.; > ,., .. > ........ - - :á:>- > 1 i--, ~1 <'1,.,:-i > .. ... '...\. _ .. ... --... l lf'l'li,-.'.1 or > _ .. :...'l i-:-i C. .) > r ....., , á1n t1 1 ~""calacá;'."''1 > _ . J .. - . ~,..,,.. . .. > i ~ 'D03:3ib > - .. . ~ • > l e • - .ll -- á - ' > > Co 1.::,á á:. ~!" :! ' C r.;_e :1t, i 3sues of t :-:.i..J '?á.-- enc ~.1- ~. :.: ~ .::u á1;:e .~ ou_" n.'.l .l ~)1~:; li s::ed ~-!1 c...;c, t1- > .::; v > . . . :.r:• > - > . .)p.1 e, .:- or :\ ll.'~'13 t 1 0 -c:.á > á . -;: > "'\ :.., , á1,):) ~. ~<)... ; J- ; ~ :1.. :-...".". .,á_ -"'1 l.,~o nG t nnt 1..~0~ . 1..e i.ln• .i á-J o t1 r~r.. ~:.. > ~ ' áin.ái t J :'1.. ..1_ 1o,;v - .... ....,ttbliás i~ e •i _.,, ...,....;n,'." .... .. .,t á!e;-:..,,. ,~ > 1á á, , ( ~--- > ~ - 1. > c.....,_,.., t~ ~á.., 0 ~) 1 .a. 1Jut áu1~ n.-á ~il :ib le > .,.::: -1- > ;.. l _. - ..... > .._ •J . ... > - . á- -á á á • •••A. • > á- ..,; .. '-'-• ......... .. - - t .. ,.-;,.<\.- - > > t c tá .3 '.:arr :lcctor; J..ev~ ;. t Ti;.ie::: '1.::lC .J~~iu1.1 i..~,..á~ a ~.'.'.':e tte, 'w.:ich s t t io!l 3;/ J ' to qtt0 t e Dr. 3ci; 1;.:' i d3e ::i.:;self ( te11 p oi n ts i. _' ~{ 011 ca~1 ;~-uc.s s -.!/iat > -i,G n~~ri.n~--~nd it does not :.... e f er t o t 11a ~~ in.~ of t r:e 3l t1e s eit:~er.); ~er~ch > ...,.,.,,, ,.,,:l > r.i...:. ~~ á ... -~ > 'á. -.I. . ..,.., r. .::.•- r.-~"" ne.,.. :'lcc o•á.-.-+- .... ""f t l-áe nuá- ; s •,., ..... e,.,t o f °""•á10 ''he "eti " 3 11 1án i •á- > ,:,..._l .I. - - • ! ..) : J•.Cl L > ~ > • á,. > > d:ti:-~"'r:~; t ::e ::ieri0:á of .::o,te!:.':,er 1 á:4s to J J.nua..-y 1 '~46, re ieri ~1~ of c cá.trse t o > _, 'á á- • ...,..;) ' # • '. > . • • lo • •á•á• .~ \,, , . a 11I • .. áJ • - > > :1uá~L : 1:!"s ':.n•::l ;.~1 11.la ..ia'.1eq; ~1.i1:}lonatic r e!)orts ~á ela ti !'l.~ to t '1e COr.!te a"~ :~o c l1 e­ > ciá.ouard, ?-re :.c h c~á.arza ._ i' atáfai1~es i n ~ i;1ran in táá ~e 1 8 ~Os; r.. es i) e ".)e -:á:á1es ')i- 1 > > blrc ., ..,t.;• •. ""' > ~á . •• > tl=!S ' á~' . •l c ,-..ááá > á-1 ' á ~ > 1 +e > . ,, • ~ > ,,•.e á~ob,_á '1ea•' l • • • ' -u ,......._ > '-• . ' . .;. > .........1á..... , 1 G / ' > :::,9 •' o '~.; á~ Q .... iá na á ,..,.,<;u. .. á áJt > .,,_.,.nus c á,.-1 .~ > .I. ;. > c o l""- > .. ' ••• • •• > > i. .. á_s á~á.erl 1.etters of Prokesh-Osten t~ :ie Gobinea.u re lat in;:; to t h e > J .:-.!:a'.i. ~áu it l1 ~d unavaila ble in t :1e i-!~!..Sb\ ~ c cp i es o f all l ett Brs 'oy t he > c o1nte de Gobineau ~entioning t~e :13aha'l ('.:á Bahl religion; letter s of St rat- > f•)t'd Canning :'1entioning I3aoia or Ba ".-:a •la; ~;-á:ol:esh-Osten' s correspondence > 1.á1 itl1 Sir ~er~r 3ul1.'1er. á > For fly i~esearc!'i. on the y ear 1844, Dr. Bev • :á id.g e \>Jas most helpful 5..~'l intro~ 1 > > ducing me to Dr. Springer, historian of 19t h cent11ry Austrian histor:r an11 > a"':'c '..1ivi;3t at tl1e ~lliSt,\, -v1ho furnisl1ed r-;e \átith an excellent biolio r~raphy of > Ge :.-:-.1 an-l.G.?1.gt1age s ources for t\e pe ::..~io_i! in qtiest:'...on. :re also r'?c orrunencled > i-f .2aoa, ilibliographie Francaise de l' Iran, Pari u : Domat. :-1o:--_ehres1: : en, 1936 , > !>P• 1?! -20 or. t he l3iib1 and Bw..a• i Faiths and otl1e r pages relLl:ti ..áa 'tO t !1e > 1 1?th century in ,::;eneral. ~Ie told me that Iá!aria von !Iajmaj er' s iá iu:..~l'áet-i.11- > :s~ á;:i : E5_n J ild aus ? e ásiens l!euzeit, ~1ien, '1874, s oon to be reprinted by 1 > > t !ie .!\.ustrian Ba:áia•i 2':1.b lis_:ing Tr ust ~t1it !i an ~'listor ical and ioctrinal in- > - > t:-oc!uction lJy ?-tr. Poostchi, exists in f;_:á~st edition at .t 11e /\á. istrian !fation- > al Baá.Zi'i .•\ rchives and in t~1e Osterreic ;:ische riationalbibliothek (call no. > ... > 110.187-:'\). . > On 16 August 1981, Dr. J everidg e sent ~e his revision of my renort > - on our > taL~s tocet h er, a.nd t his report included an appendix of his auth orshir.> > \átl1ich I n ow cite in full: > - > ' > > 'Accorádin0 to ~! current kn01:11.edge, t"1e Austrian co~::::ection to the early > ~listorár of the Fa ith can "oe (li 1rided ~- :-. t o four part.:: : l)Prolá: ech-Os ten; 2) > r~~rts of t ::e pe:-secution of the Bal; ~a f c 1 . lo~.,ring t ,1e attempt on t he life > of t~:.e s:1iih in 1 :~c.2 in Austrian nev1spape::.--s :tnd their so1irces; 3)11ter )'.'e- > . poác ta reg arding t l: e 3abls/Bai:a•Is by Aus t -.:- ian diplomatic -,ersonel and other > -~ustriana ( :1ave já.ist found a report of :.: ~-..e r.i. artyrdom áof Da dI by á -i 1~. -__;. stri :~n > ciáril engineer in t he emplo;r of ~Ta~iri' :l-Din ~~.h , :aa -le to t :-.e c-.. áLSsa i or > in Constantinople/Prokesch--Ostenl/,• > w!lich•• á~. e passed on to the láIi :::i .:;tr::r or á > Foreign Affairs; and ~)the papers of the Csterreic ~ ische Lloyd r ~~a:din(; > tr1e passage of Bah.a' u' llai1. first :>art i .... : r.iore or l ess fin i.3 á:1e rl , as T~.e > I 11.a 11e found no ne1:1 nater i al; t :'le second, I "1ope to finis~1 in 1 981, t~1e > t 11ird in 1982 and the four th t~1ereafter. T11e part regarding tl1e r:iission- > aries is t t uz for t~e ~ istant ~ut ure.' > !>r. :Severic4~ e and I spo~-:e of t >. 3 yos 3i11 ilit7 of es tabl i shing an Eu:ráopea!'l > - > Ba::a' -i Studies -~ssoci.ati>J::1 and. ~le found t :'lis attractive, I think ••• r~e sai ái > t !w.t if seminars ...,ere to be or;::anized for J a1:.a' i scholars ..,,~e ~á;ould try - > ... > to tal:e part. ~re 1..;as u::~able to nal':e it to tl1e June conference i n FriYlce > andá t ~1e July confe:. --e nce in ~n~land , but on suc h S~"?.ort notice \á1!10 can ex- > . . > > 1)Dr. ~Cent .D. 3 everii"ig.e > -t > . > .Ln erá1ie\á1: - > pect t~e attenc..a.nce of s i..!.c '.1 a . busy person.? As per an Enc;rclo-oe d.ia B'.l:'?.a 1 i, > :e ia interested in contriouting to this pro j ect if it e;er" > ;-:~ts ot"'f t'.:eáá > ;~o:.tnd., and ~1e caulcl '..:rite articles on P':::'o:~esh-Osten, the .:\ uatri.an ccrJ1ec- > t10~, t á"le :\~cJinist1.. 9.tiá:e .0'.::'der, on t:te fall of the. qapsbtu-g ~r:lpi!'e and. tn.e > other Ettropean 1~ir..gd0'.'1S as predicted o~r J ar.at 1.1' lla}1 ( á" lfter '.1e ?10.s a C~"'.a.'lce > to ~esearc h t ~ese subjects ••• ). > > :Jr~ Beveridge, as noted hefore, has ~ade .:t.n extensive collection of r~re and > apparently valuable literat~.tre related to the 3~;ia•i Faith, and, althougl1 > Dr. 3e,1eridge is not a public. library, he does. !'espond ~;á1ell to b eine used-- > I a.-n \árell acquainted ~.,ith t 11is fine attribl.tte of our American expatriot col- > le~~e, '.1a~ring m.de full use of ?li:n for an entire 1:1ee: • > to :isa . him t han in the servicáe of the Cause . o! God? ':lith no furt!ter ado, Dr. > 3. has printed or photocopied exemplaires of t he !ollo~:ri~~ tit l es: > Atkins, Gaii1.s Glenn_, á Modern Re l i á io11s Cul ts a.l!d ~á!ove ~ents, !á-!ew I orl-:, etc.: > :?lef1ing. E. R e~1e11á .C o., _1923. of t.' lhich ''Chapter :{I ••• 3a haism, '' pp. 328-35, > 349) .. > Flasche, Raái ner; ''Die Religton der Einheit. und. Selbstver~-1ir1clung der 1-!enscheit •. > Geschichte und Iá1ission der á Baha.' i á in Deutschland, '' Zeitscfl.r ift fur iiissiori.S- > ,,.1i.ss.e..ḥ_eh~ft upd Relig:ion.$.,issens(:ha.ft, . 61. áJahrgang, 1977, ;:~unster: Asc'.:!.en• > dorff' pp. 18[-213. " - a . . > > á •:/arneck, D. Gustav t ''Richter: ?á! issionsrundschau, D~n Bab is,'' Al.J-se!ie..ine 2áfis-:, > siona-Zeitschrift, Berlin: á?á! artin \/aránee~ , 1903, p. 242. > Huart, Clement, t 1Bab,'' Enzy~ 1913t pp. 566-68. . • . . > 0 0 > > • • • > > Keene, James J., 1'Sa.ha' i ~-lorld Faith: Redefinition of Religion," Journal for > the §Eie,!l;t_ifie_Stud;y of Eel;_igion, r-rew ITaven, 1967, pp. 221-35. > á Kt:ene, James .J•, 11 Religious Behavior and t'feuroticism, Spontaneity, and 1,lforld- > mindednesa, Ii .Sociometry' vol. 30, June 1961, pp. 13?-5?. > Fischer-Kowalski, :rarina, Josef Bucel{, t'Struktmen der Sozialen Un,: ;leicr.heit > in Os.terreic!-1, '' Sozialberieht, . Teil II, t1arz 1978, Endb eric ht, Band II des > Projekts, Ii:n ..~uftrag dea Bundesminiateri11ms fur 1.Jissenschaft und Forschung, > rt.d. . . . > VaJ't...."?lant Fereyduri, ''Baha' ismusá, _,, Th__eologische ? ealenzykloi,i,die,, Eerlin/IáIew > York: 1.-lalter de Gruyter, 1981. > Balise, David, 1'The Baha'i Faith and The Divine Principle, 11 The ',ála"r of t~1e > i,!orld, Iroly. Spirit Assoeiati.o n for the Unification of Cltristianity, Septem- > ber-October 1974, PP• 35-45~ - > Gumdens, Hauptmanns Baron de, . "Reise riach Persien,'' Ceaterreichischer Solda- > tenfreu nd. Zeitschrift fi.ir á militarische I nteressen,á tio. 24', •i J a hrga.11g, > á PP• 99-101; rát o. 57, á'11 rnai . 1852, pp. á2li'.1-42; rl;. '59, 15 mai 1852, p. 2 50; > ~ro. 80, 3 juli 1852; p~ 333;. tár o. 122, 9 act. 1852, PP• 509-10; I-ro. 22, > 1853 ? , pp. 174-75; all those which follow r.iention Babis: 1',(\.us Persien, •1 > 1-Io. 121, ? oct. 1852, V Jahrgang, Pl'• 505-506; ''Aus Persian, 11 t1o. > 123, 12 oct~ 1852, V Jahrgang, pp. ? ; reprint of this last article as > r!zur Culturgeachichte Persien'at'' Die Pres.se,. t-Io. 24-2, 13 October 1852, V > Ja."'ru";;ang, . .iiei1, p. 2. > ?átornen, Dr. l1oo j an, Dr. John Eber..ezer Essle~ont, London: 3aha' i Puolishing > ~J.St, 1975~ ' . . > Goldziher, Ignaz, ''Die .Religion des Islams, VI. 1Teuere Sekten, tr Die ::teligion- > en des Ori.e nta Ufld Di~. A.l.t~~~n;_sel-i~ P~1. ~.. ":iá. ?"• Lei:pzi.t:,-Rerl in: Dr J.Ck .und > > lerlag v. B.G.Teubner, 1913, pp. 138"41. > Brugsch, . Dr. Heinrich, Reise". der K. _Pruss_i:,sc~en, Gesandtsc~(~ nac~h Persien > 1860 u. 1861, r:rster Band, pp. 1S7::8S, 310; Z•:reiter Band, p. 36~; Leipzig: > J.C.Hinriehs'sc!!e 3uchha.n.d lung, . 1862; á 18S3 • . á . á > •• • > > ?áIelgunof, G., !)~ Sudlic)'te. ~fea d.ea K.~:pischen ~,1eeres oder die 1'-l6r1 ~oTrin-; > zen Persiens, Leil>Zig: Leopold Voss, 1S= S8, pp. 17§:132. > ".' ál :- ~,.., !""'t -~ ~ .~ > .~. .:. ..... ~á .:.; .l - - ~.á~ > > - ' > á n-~ > t ~W;. > •. :..á > -~~ .... . > 0 -r• > • ~- ., > > :\ :::i•.1 > ~--~?.-á,; :<_, : :-a::" s!.J.t. á~1 fro~ t'::e ~r-,..51 i~á 1 of .1 ;\ l i . ~: á t ~- i ;( á ~, ?~.. ie á~~.~~~: c h :; ~ '.;á.:e i ..3 ... > '°'"" - - , > 1 á:;..""':- ... "'~,:;. .... 3 > c;........... - • - ' \ - 1. .á eááá,,.;et > á á-.1.... 0 (~1---~~a..'"'a > _-.1_.• _ . . . . . ,.,:-; > . Já_.1. .~<) > .... . , ?"!._; •• n.áJ.,. . ,.l > > -"-~ > n a > ! •• , > • - > "~ 0. > > . > • .... > J:' ::- ~ > ;.;n::-:arttr.:"l'] ;:i > ' > __ > , > " _..:1,.-MAn > l > -áááá ..... > .... > - .v > ~r > ,, > á-.e .c: t e.,..,e,..,ren > ,. > ... '-' > i > ... > :-. > ááá.á• .,,~ ..,0,.,""1""j,' á.o~•.'1-:- > • , > . . t 1.,..-á:á----- > . . . . - - :--.,,., > ' "' . ' > ~".J. > 'I -áá > > ~ á •J > • , > > •• > . > • • > > - - .. i;;;:;- .. > . > ... p •• ... - > > ....i. . . ..... .......,,, __ > ' > ....... ,LJ > > . :-::.á :á:2c.~.:- 33 > • --- • - > ... > > .. > á. ..es > •"' > - - - • > . ::.~. W: ,t'i''1~ ~j": r.~e-1.:.;iri ~e n. •'\ ; "'t ár~ ,, ~ ...... > _ _ .. . - ...., ... .. :;;;.-;-:;..,--., .. - - á' ._ \ k * > ~I - • - > > ,, _..,. ..., __ as áá._-i:. > ... > ~,"'-"'11~-~~ -: > á - > > .. :..."4. .... .._ • • > - > > , . ;. . > - - > áá ,~,;.L..~ác~.~ > ... '-'=o.,,,,J > adl > ... . . , 1 > .. ,_c4.,. ;. > - > á á ná ~ > á '- á ' á > I - > > 'J-- > > ,-á. ~'i- > -á > > -!-"> -r á ~;..,.; ,~:~ > ..; ,, . . . •J • .. .., . . . . . > -.r:.fo.,....,t ~ ~ áu rj; e>-•á .,4-eá.,...iáa1 > _...,_ '-"'" -:,.... > . ,..,,,,...., áá- t 1á>1á--- > . \ ........ . .~ ~ á fe > l~ á =á~.. . á , :_e~ > • ~:J..~:a 1 > :~ 1a~tbáe i:i -.-- :::i:: 1' t:~c > - - á. ~. 1.,::i.r:._<...J. > J. ~_1n > . á_--.~!c > " áá. .~_i....J ,_{- ~á-á > - á_ , .-<:. •n :~,r.;o...., > á'á-l á~.r.;.._ a.,.. ~"' en > ~L_...l. ~ rá' e .;- .._; , _;:.:,_ > • d ... - • .. > > ,. . - . > _. - > ,,.., ......,,,.,..5. ~1á ""' . -,c:i5al1 e ~ á,...as:o.i. f:sT"Oll. ti- -~C~'• • e ':lo1 1 6 'l ,.a }m_ i-á.. '? ::'' .''.1-~ tui:.,-:;scá: .:11,.1.::i.,g:. > - > ~ .,..\~ .IV - • > t. ;.J "' u"' á,. _ .......... ~ > > .;_r. ."le!'r.a.lb > . > - •J > . J > > rl er á Ge!;!eir..sc~a. ft --:l e:- Sa.ha' i, unter b e.:c~á_:_e:.~er '~~t á : . . .c~:.- > á-á - - - . . ~- > 0 ,.. " > .á l > • - > T > á~ > > tu-,~ r:'~er z•.-!ei lei teriden In.st i.. t u t i o::en, ' 1977 , ?}1 . =,.. á'iisseá: ~ :lt ion. > > . ,,,. t -n...~ ~,. ~ h . > Pi..tb lie at ions: . n.n on -urar r!. o,.,e.:.:;.c. -~--n á, .._, (\~.a.on > ....- ~ ,._ > ~~.i. > :á~-";J. > á t ~-• e 1;).a' > ...... . . áá= > . ~' ~á• F~..; > (""! > -á . ..- ~á > c.... ._ +.' .... > - > .... .: t"'li.s ~""\.,a•, > 7.&..," .,.- . .,. e. . .~á,á 'a -, ...... á -t > ~ > ,. > '1''1.e~ > ...\driano'.)le Episode , " .;...; t. c~ •"' ,. . ,, '.>..' " _,_ .., . áá-' "'°'' • - ,.,,, • á-~ ;::) T 0 > > á á > coning á á1a-:::l2 > in ... 0 • > > 2) Ka1~1:Jiz. _ .?oostchi, Dipl. In.g. T > !.J > a..; ........ , a ~esá• > .l~_;,.. . 0 . > > ~e'7'>"Qes• > -" .~ ... ~ • 01 > !J á~1o~a > J/--- .1. ~n > .... ~n~, > .....,_ ~~n > - ea~~ > ~- > > i:ig; 1egree in 3-:Chitecture > . I :1.terá.::.ew: :~a..y 18, . 1981 r. spent a.11 eváening •,1-:.t:1 ~ :!". Poo~to:1i an:I i1is > f c;_--::il:r in the litt; a .\ust1.. i&"l to•..1n o.f Scr~t.,az, not f~1~ f('ovr> S1lzbur~ . ~.-le > d.isc11sseá:i :-.12.ny natters and he also sl1.0~á1ed ::.e his Bah~( \\ 'o~ a.ry, '.»~1icá~ i::1- > c.l~áied a nu..-:iber of boolai and docU:Cen ta \á: hichá I ~a.d ár:?.:r e:....7 er never s een ~e ­ > :f o!'e. On t hs subject di J~a' I l1istor:r , - ~áfr . Poo3tc r.i ás tate.-! t~'lat ~1e 11~s > C .; ll ected sources for the documenta tion e 1.re:ita . Y"..lt"scsla•ria, Czechosláova1~ia .3nd Au.stria; a."ld he is seru-c~in,: for sources > .for all of ti1ose countries á..1hich o:i.ee for:ied ya.rt of the á:a9sburg Srnpi::."e > as it '.á:as coM:titutt_!d d-i.tri!l.% the. ti..-:ies cf J3aha'u'llah ~>;.ái 'Abdu'l-Ja:ta, > - > fr cLi 1817 to 1921. ::-re -,,,.as t.1.-ced > - coná.rersations '-"itti> . > sorne !':':trly ;'\ustrian > :Sa~1a' is, and ~.!as seá.,rer~ tape casettes recar1i;ng con~.fersat.; o-r..s ',árit:t :-t:- . :?ol- > . . . > li?l[;er, the fi r.3át Austrian. to .beca~e a Ba!-~a' i, a long :-1i : .-1 t l1e pages of. > - > questio!lS :1hic!1 '.'/ere asked h im, tra.nac.riptionS Of the :tapes and !10ta s per- > taining to t :tose transcriptior.a. i~e i ás -presently p!'epruáing questions to > :?.sk :-rrs. :Oi.lppingerá and i irs. ':áIi tt~ann, t •,;o early Aus tria . áJelieárers; .....:1i:=n > t :;.e .questions are prepared, Dr. 3everid;:;e ~-;ill conduct t ::e inter~rie\-1S .:ts > .')ot á~1 of tl1ese belie,rers :U-e residents of \lienna. ::rs. '_,Iittr:.?.nn ""a.a t~'le > hostess of t~'19 first . I!aziratu'l-Quds in árienna. i1r . Poostc~i indicated. ~ ~ > > t~-:a.t nobody i~as á ~:-et ".!3de a seat-ch for t' '1. :erso:p.al "Cáar- > ~r~ aná~;. lii:r~ies.., ... .i... > > of á:!ec~as9d belieirera, and that to i.1 is :::_,o;.1ledge t >:e nost ~raluable papers > :;ai,-e > . been contributed > . to t ~e ,\ust:r > . i an 2a-:a' i . Archi ~res (l.Dd are the1'e . pre- > á s er~red for t ~1e use of f'.lture se\~o.lars. . ~ r ;. áPoostchi ~l~ed -. '.\e to inter,1ie,.., > :-1iss I::ia :-littler 'l'lhilst in England arl.,1 ~fá á "3 • . ~~..t z.ieh Gail ':.'~1e;1 I =etur~ed > to t~e United Statee. (In England I f ou:-: ~ <:r1at ~á!iss :-:ittlar ~ad ::tied in > 1979, ar..d in the United States t hat á11rs• ~larzieh G.a il :-_.aj :710á.red fr om :áJet'f' > ~ngland. to California, but- God 11illing--"L will á intervie\ > >!r. Poostchi . spent a feá11 ~rears tá1orking > . \áii th ~átila..ti Jorgic in VieIL-ia and ~ . . > á.tit:i i-fario Piarulli and :Iasrur I r:iani in Tr-ieste at t he request . of the Hand > . of the Cause of God Dr. U<~o Giac h ery to loca":e doCUI:lentation specifyir..g > :<. ~\USTJ.L\ > > 2)~a:ab1z ?oostchi > > Intervi e~áI: > t11e ~ating of 3a...1la • u' llah' s sea •1o:rase fror:i .'\.rlrianople > . to • A!- ci..nd n:-. 3e~reriá:lge as!~ed :ie to continue t'1ia :-esearc:ná ~.:!lilst in r,ondon by > iná,,resti;;ating t11e .:\ustrian Lloyd's li!le t~1roui;h the 3ritish Llo:y-1' s ~nd > other Sol.!rces of infor1!'.:ation on 19t'1 century !á!editteranean shipping a- > ~:ailable in t:ie TJ11ited I{ingdom. Dr. Beá1eridge save rae a copy of :1r. Poos- > tchi' s eis:1.t-::9C\;:;e '~e9ort about the research for details about t!le .'\.us- > t'.':'ian Llo;;ád S tea-:ers ttsed by !3a'!la' u' llah fro:'3 Gallipoli to Haifa (.~ugi..lst > 21 to 31, 18S8),' dated October 1978. lTnfo1~tunately, I \•1as unable to > ptl::.-sue this research ,.,hile in London; if any of you happen to be going > . ' > to London and ha..1e a few days to ''kill'.', I :-iave just the r.?aterial for > ..vou! . . > lá!:'. Poostc"!li beganá to do research on the 3aron Prol~esh-Osten at t11e be- > ~'!est of iJr. :Joojan !lor:1en (see l ... eport u:ide.r rJ. ~-:.), and Dr. :?:everid3e re- > ce'ived a letter fro~ Dr. ::omen and contintted ,,.,it~1 the '•!á:>rk, ~..1!lich pro- > duced its fir.st fruit in his naper sttbnitted to C• .i'\..S.3.::?. (A.13.S.) this > * - - > year. z.-:r. Poostchi ~as an excellent collection of Ba.11a' i and. other i-eli- > 3ious literature, including tá.10 ~ticles ..,,..1ritten by Professor _q,varegan, > bot:i in Italian, •studio :::'.azionale dei Cristiani.emo; • a."'ld 'Tl1e !áIorning > Stars,' (only t?le title is in En~lish!), of .,,~ich }1r. Poostchi sup:9lied > :ne ~-rith p~~otocopies at my request; also Dr. A11med Ah.i""!ledzadeh' s Ger1:tan > translatio~ of Isabella Grinevs~aja's-bibliography and review of Bibi and - > 'Ba1a•i topics in ~.isaian-lano-uage literature, entitled 1BabI und Bana•1. > in der russischen literatur,' of ~árhich he also supplied r.ie t•rith a photo- > copy. As far aa I kno\-r t none of > these \'lOr~:.s 1-:.a\áe been publisl1ed--they a.re' > 11otárever, aál!'ailab~e in photoeoP"Já from me, and at cost. ~átr. Poostchi called > Dr. Aii."11edzadeh one of ~he greatest Baha 1 I sc!-.c.olars !le ~as lmo\ám, formerly > a resident of Is~qabad, then of Innsbruck, and finally of Ger~any (Berlin?). > !!e ',á:rote a ~reat deal about t!1e Faith in English, Persian and Gernan but > published little or > not~ing. According to Jir. Poostchi, Dr. ~\h!11edzadeh' s > •:rife IIelga is responsible for his payers no•:t, and so all efforts to :-:.ave > access to t~1ern vsould have to be :permitted and s~pe1~vised by he?'. > 'llhen asked l1is opinion of an Enc"'rclo-pedia Ba1ia' i, llr. Pocstchi indi.c~te-n > . ~ .. > 1.ntet"eRt ~-"!!- s~.~,;;;ested t~:at t~:e basis of such a -i..rorlt miGilt be Dr. Iluhl- > schlegel' s ~assive a.~d co=prehensive ea.rd catalogue of topics and informa- > tion related to the 3ab'i and Balia' f Fait~. ~!e ur~ed me to locate and haá.re > .. > a lool~ at t"his card catalogue, and I did--it is in the !lands of I~rs. Ursu- > la :lu11lscl1legel, sa.f'e 8-'ld sound, and not likely to r;o any•..rhere for a long > - r > ti::1e. '.1e did not discuss an European Baha' Stu lies i\.ssociation, but ,,.rhen > > I susgest~d t'.lat the Ba.lia~ i architects ;,'esident in Eu:ope get togetl1.er, lá1r. > Poostchi ~.,as definitely interested inyarticipating i ! possible. á.:e also > spoke of the st~ndardization of :3a!!a' i .4.rc!1i-:1es, or rat!'ler of their accord > ~á1it~1 t~e system of care and classification employed by the ':lorld Centre Li- > - > brary and I:nter:iational Baha'i Arc11i ves in !Iai.fa. I sugg-~sted t!i.at t1"'le > Ar:.strian i1ational Spiritual Asser.ibly might consi.d.er spon:loring a training > session for !iational 3a..i~a•I Arc~ives personnel from all over Europe and in- > vite Jan Jasion from Haifa or á?.oger Dahl from ':Jiloette to provide tr..e.. train- > . > ing. lie suggested that I fo:-::rulate such a pro~osal .q,n~. tl-.e~ :!~rá.-1ard it for- > ?:lally to the I!a.tional Spiritual Assembly f'or t:-ieir consideration. (In ~lil­ > nette, in Augi1st 1981, I spoke with Iáfr. Dahl and he recor.:mended that sone- > - > one trained in one of ~is archivist '"orl-:.s~o'Os and 1'arrned11 > - '"i > th t:1e r.ia.."lual > he is compiling for Baha'i archivists address this. ltind of sathering rather > than ~e hL~self, as he is very busy all the time ar.d besides, his expenses > 14f' > ;{. lt!JST~T \ > > . > 2)~~..nbiz Poostchi > > Intervie,,v: .. > á.1oi.1ld 11a~re to be defra:1ed, and they •.voulái a~ouht to a considerable su.nl.) > > Ps.pers: 'Report about t h e research for d ~tails about the Austrian Lloyd > Stear.!ers !_tsed b~r Baha' u 1 llah froá., :} alli.poli to :raifa (áAu;: f ;st 21 > to 31, 1363),' ~ pages, October 1978. . > ?ublications: Introductiont '' ?!aria á.;on I-ia:ma,jet", .1.urr.a.tá--L' 1.. .-.' Am, 1874, > > reprint -f art11coming, . Aust~ian Bana'! Publisl1i!l6 Trust. > > 3 )O.sterreichische r:rationalbibliothek • > ~e!.den-Platz, \áJ i.en > Th.is .. is a library > .á > I . could ha,re happily SPent a decadeá > . . > exploring, > . > but . > as I had only a few hours .scattered over a few days to investigate, I res- > trained f.!J-self 9 . and spent moat of my time looking for photogr~phs relating > to 1844 in the Bilda.rchiv-Portratsarnrnlung, áand fer . Baha'I-related books al- > ready listed in ':IIY bibliography,á in t h e c~d catalogues. T11e forner searc!t > led to tl'le discovery of ttvo photographs ':!':1ich ár gttard jealously, against > the mice for there are. no . thieves in rural lá!aine ( ! ) ; the latter to this > assortment of titles: . . > 'Abdu'l-Ba.'-"lat Las Le or...s de Saint-Jean-d'Acre, traduction par I-iippolyte > Dreyfus, Paris: Ernest Leroux, 190 • 7; 5. 838-B) > Bab, .Le Bevan Persan, traduction de A.L.If. i'Ticolaa, Tornes 1-4, Paris: Paul > Geuthner, 1911-13. (484.879-B} . á á . > Bab, Le Li"'n-e des se-ot preu"J'es de la mission du 3~, á traduction áde A.L.!1. > 1'Ticá~á1áa-s', Paris: 1-r;-is;r~euve,á 190á2~ (tf-22;á519á~a)-. > Andreas, Dr. áF.cá•• áD ie Babis j_n Persien, Leipzig und 3erli!'l, 1896. ( 39.103-'3) > . Dreyfusá, I{i:ppolyte, Essai eru.r le-Ja.'1aisme, Paris, 1909. (465.$61-B) . > Ethe, Carl 1rerma..llll, ?.~s.~.J.S~ l1}1d_ Stud,i,en, Berlin: F. !"Ticolai, 1:37;. ( 57 .4G3-3) > GoldzL1.er, I~.z~ Vorlesun~e.n:_ ub_e_r ~1.e.n ~sla'TI,, Iieidelberg, ? ( 40o.036-B,Per. > IlF. 1912,4, 4 r4.207-B.1 . > '.~li, TJ11L'Tled, Babism and Bahaism examinedt l'Tew Koti,1aliá, .~gra; sá.R. & Bros., > 1956. (882.§1~-B)" > 0 3 30 3 > > - • "' . ' - > > Ferraby, John, All ~}t~ng~ .!á1ade IáTew, George Allen & TJn~Nin, á 1957• (901.711-B) > Zir.l!!l~r, Flerr.ia.nnj Eine Testamentsfalschu_ !7 T-iertet die 3al1ai-~eli~ion ab in . > á :ien !'olit.~;=>cfien Shoghis~, ~á/aiblingen, 1971. 1 ,O á .230-B á > I-~uhlsc l1legel , . Adelbert, ?lU'l ado en la. d1.l 3aJ1aa-Kunveno áen Genevaá, Stutt;art, > 1925. á (~,061.522-B) _ . . > 3a.~a''u'lla.h, K.i!=iJl !!1~~~.at~l:!,_t1an 1 1áfisr: l-1atba ab al-r1ansu. at 1318, 1900. > (795.306-BT--Arabic. : .. á . . .á á . > 3ar.i 'u' lla..ii; Per"r sborri.ik oslani 3abida . Beh :~.ullacr.a, lzd. Tc/ .Rozen (Die > 1á. Slt. á.ron Abh • ., Arabicá and Per sian texts, Russian notes; St. Peters- > burg, á Inp. Ak. !-iau!<, 1908. (454.631-B) á > Bar..i'u'.lla.1, L'Oeuvre de Ba.lla'ou'lla.l-i~ t!"aduction de Hippolyte Dreyfus, > Paris: Ernest' te'!-oui, '"1~-28, trCiis tomes. (566.598-B) . > 3aha'u • llahá, Ha!J! ~iadt _(~ea _Sept Ja11e:es} 2 • _LS;'á"he-AkdB;,a ,CL~, .Tr.e,s .sai.nt.~. 'f..a- > > blette), traduction de :iippol:,..te Dreyfus: áet H• .Shira,ai 1 Paris: Ernest á > Leroux9 1905~ (!+35.583-A) . .á á .á > BS...i.i.'u' llah, L.'EP:!_1:._re ~u- fils d:t l,?,1.:lP•.• ~.. , traduction de Hippolyte Dreyfus, > Paris: Champion, 1913... (492.367-B) á á , á á > Ba..1.i 1u' llah, Ki tabe A:.:dea. ''Sv;a~~enne .i ~a.iaá lU1.. i3a'' sovreme~..nych babidov • > .. Te1:st ••• A.G. '!U.~ana}~ago e livre le plus saint des a ys mo ~ernes. > > . > . > 3) t > i1"'!et > _.;,:) > ::.~-a1 > OJ • • ~ > • c.11sc-~e > ... > , > • t• á1~ ••1• t' > • > á4' > '. > > áá~' 10...a. o-i_a_ 10 .. e ... > .•.,,. > ~ á~ > •• > ~ ~ > . > ~'"> T > > VI.• ..,Ate""'~áo,,"\""? > ::-.._ -- _;:i ~,.._,, ,.,, ..,.,.a > .~_ ....:.._ ....... '.'°t~! 1 '-- ... > _,c..,_.._..~, ~~e"Moiá"!""a.s > á1:1,,,90.,,, :l ... .._...., ,.,e i•~c.sct > áá ~- 0!"'1iáeá > ~,_._; .•. I .... pe......'"1~~1e > áááá"' ._ ....,,_ ..:i~ > á.• "'c1'ences > ... ..) • > .J.e ~t. ~~tersbt1r-3, c:r. ~:ist.-phil •. 8,3,6. (392.831-c.cr. hist-pl1il. 813,6) > s~10-;:.1i Effendi, gott seht ;ro.rji~'Jer, translation by ;1eide Sch~-tarz~aGe~, Jo!lann > =::u-1 Tettfel, á:lutl:or-ize~i for pttblicat ion by t .~e ;rational .Spiri t1.1al ..\sse~­ > bl:r of Ge::i:~aey ~~d Austria, Oxford: . > Geor?~e ?onald, 19.54. (3=;0.100-3) > . > I!:olle;r, :rorace, T'~i.e '.!or l~-Eeono:-:rr of 3a!-:.a 'u' llah, !re,.,, York, Bal1i' i Pu.bliah- > - > i=ig Committee~ .. 193á1. á "('":;.893'76°:3á;) á 'á .. á. á á > "') • -, u f 1 > Ja!~a __1 an, > , á" "- > á; e~'~2.:-zene. 'r > ~:o:.t ~ á(. á3.--rá.a. " -át a l -::ia;(:J.una , t rans. 1 a t e. d b y J o!'tanna > 1 T.. l ir:a . 1 - )á > > . ..r. ~.rerti'1ern, assisted by Adelbert :-~1111.lscli.ler;el,: :lul:ta.'n."".1ad Zabili. and Gurllother > :!ey-1 9 £:.. on ~\r.3.bic and Persian sources, approi1ed for publication by the !la- > tiori.al Spiritual Asaeobly of Gerr:ia.~y a..-.id t'l.ustria., :;'ran.'ttfurt-am-~á!ain, pub- > lis~:.ed by ~:or.J.er in Stuttgart, 1948. (912.073-..:\) . > Ja!:a'u'll3'!1, .L".1-~{itab al-aadas, translated ~..nd edited by Earl E. :S!.der anái > ~lillia..-n ::cz1,,.;ee IIiller, London: Royal 1\siatic Society, 1961. (390. 7)()-B, > Per. 38) . > ,.. > r:O11 ey, .,.~ > _:orace,. ~.e > '!"') 1...is_ion > • • ~ ' • d t London: > ..:.Ormarucin George Jonald, 1966. ( 1,0~3. > 317-B) . . , -- , . r • •• • ... > > Bal1i'u'llal1, Das ?11ch des Gewiss~1eit, translation from Engoliah, > á- I l"\J, , , > ll A ) > .... M' > second > edi- T t ~ T Z ,- ( á _... > > á tio:i, ?!'anl~fttrt-am-iá!ain: Bab.a• !.-\lerlag, 1909. 1, OrJ8.U'14'-3 > - > ~:ent '3everid.ge, ':9ie gesellschaftspolit isct-..e. Rolle ;~ler 3a1-ta' i-Ver-r.'laltun.ss- > or~11ung in..i.""le:r~ald •ier Gemeinschaft der 3a..~a' i inter besonderer '3etrach- > "tttng der z-:::ei leitenden institutionen,' ';lien, TJni~;ersity dissertation, > táruly 8, 1977. á (1,143e.629-C) á. > Essler.iont, áJol1n Ebenezer, ,?V"aJ:a'u' lla]l J::,a,j la no,i:r;.,a_ ~!>.ol{o, tra..11.Slated by Lidia > Za":1enhof;á bisdatigis, Roan Orloff Stone; Portland: Eld. Bahaa Esp.-Ligo á > 1978, second edition. (371.8o8-B.Esn.} > • • á • > > Da~tl, A::-thur, La r.iondla-edo nor la nuntem1'B. ho-maro, translated by Roan Orloff > Stone, ':!ilnette: 3a.~a'f Pt-.lblishing :rrust, 1972. (708.347-B.Esp.) > á3a1,~.:.zi, 1rasan l!., E.G. 3ro,.;me andá the 3a:~a•I '?aith, London: George Ronald, > 1970. (1,08;.16~-B) . -á- 1 > > - > I .... ". . • > > Geor;::;e To~ár!lSr..end, Christ ~nd Baha •u' ll~h, London: George ~onald, 19-;7. á > (912.079-B) > . > . > . > . . > - > '4\.br!u' 1-Ea!la, TJ!.e. 3a:1a' ,i R..eac~..~cg:ra.m, from the ~árorI{s of 'Ab du' 1-Ba.~at > átorlt: Bah.a' i' Publisl'ling Com."ljittee, 1930. (589.354-B) á > > 4)iTational 3a'-li'i Arohives of Austria -á > T:1ir.'lig;;asse 12 > A-1180 ::lien > > Dr •. Be'!.f~riá;ige introduced r:ie to t:1is, t!:e best orsanized and :.toet extensive > collect ion . of "9al1.A 1i literature that ! sa~4 in all of Europe (of co,.irse it is - > not as !xtel"..si~:e nor !l.early as ~ra.lua'ble .for st1ldy of tl'1e sources of Baha'i > o.nd 3aoi :ioctrine as t~-e va.rioua re'!)ositor-iea of' manuscripts, chiefly in Eng- > lancl, ~or does it :1.ave an extensiá.re a c.~llection of En;lis1;.-language sourees > á:lS are to be fotL'ld in t2e British :Sal-ii' i Aro:i.i-:res, or more than a fr~ction o > . á. > t~e French-language titles in t:.i.e French Ba.'!a' i Arc hi ~:es; but in . its size > - > and organization and large selection of liter~ture á fror:i áall 0~1er the '...:orld, > t:1is is indis'!>utably. the largest library of its kindá in Europe), but I ~,1as > . not able to catalogue its contents., for indeed, that \;rould take me the bet .. > ter part of a month~ Among other thir.ga, they l1ave a conplete collection of > all issues of 2__aha' i lle\'1~ from the U.S.A., of iá/orld Cr:ier (both incarnations) > At~stralian 3a.:1a•r :re•.-1s, Glorv ma,~azine,á Sonne der :.!alli:"~"'-eit. . , > •• • Pi F & ¢ • • • á > . > .~T -~á r-!""'! ~~ -- .,.,,. ' 'T j) > ~ á. ) • i u.:... . .-r...-.:"\.~ > . > • • l.,. • > > ~ 1~~-....::rees: P~: . J . in social psy - > cá .... g"/ .-~t > =- ~ 0 1-...I 1:.......... lá,I.e .a... . s.;- ;.."1... ..._,..,.p 7.u.,..- > .,, , .. . > - A > . ~ ~ - - > i_c~.1in prog.:. ~ ss; ':!.as receiá.:-c d > l. izential > > !ntervie1.'1: lrn!'ortunately for thi~ report 9. al:r.ost..;.á~l'1Ctcr Git.3. ani al- > ncst-doctor l-tusband Felix Steiner-K:tarnai á an.i I iid no-!: tal!-< :nuch abot1t > t".leir ~á1orkt but rat11er !;!Ostly about the s~_dy of psyc ~~.-jlogJY, a bout t=:e > . _practice of p.S )'"Choth~1:"~py • espec ialiy in ...:: ..ái tzer l a nd, .::~á:ldá áa .bout Baba.' Is > in tn.e social sci :4 i\Cf2 professicn.s ,. and the. need . forá org~.!1izing some ! of conference of Baf\a~, ~:~s in these -orofession.s á i or the ~~:.. ~-oose of fnutual > support, sharing . of 1-.ieas and info~mation and maki::.-ig s;oe- ki!ld of practical > contribution .as a rel igioua ácor..rmni t:;, or a 51l~-set of tlte greater 3al1:i •'I . > cor.imunity, to t 11e mass of rr~~ind ,..,hich ia so. r.1~nifestly in need of being > understood anái o.f understa.ndi?Ig its elf. ';f~i: ile staying 'Iii t:i. ?áIrs. Steiner- 1 > > Kharnai- and ~e~ .:16cr.o-b{e_ husband (she• s adorable too) I had the pleasure > of áspending ~r dciy li.vht hours in the Zentra~bibliothek in -3lirich, and cc- > casionall:r > . > in t'rte co::.pa.ny > . > á of these frien::iás. and. their Ba~1~'1 neighbors oná > outings. Frau Gita 1'..1s studied. social . psychology for a nu;nber of years, > and h.er á,.;ork in progress and area of pri -:- á1 -roy interest is in what she des- > cribes as ''life-span developmental ps-:rchi:-, .. og-.1: an in~.:~~~ for social á:'5e, ' 1 > and ~ihile I am . not acquainted with the r.!e ~ a.il$ á of her ""'°se~rch, I gaths:á > á that it ia r~lated á in some way áto- !-1s. Gail. SheP-hy ' a, ?as.saj~_ s:.~- á f"r'e}.ict.ab l e > Crises of ~. dult _Life, published for . _t. he fir.st-. -': irne in ~áta~r á áá. by E.P. > Dutton in iie':'/ Yor1.i:, and áreceived áwith ra,re reá,:iewa and consi-1 .etable in- > .tellectual impact by scientists and laymen alil{e in the l!nit.e d States. !áfa. > Steiner-i\hai-nsi had never .h~ard of this Ar:ierican product on t~e subject, > and I susuect > ... that. her research is more clinic,.l and statistical an:i aer > data more carefttlly formula-:.-=!d and more e~2.. :~.á - ._ tly. expressed than ~;1s. > Sheehy's best-seller. á :ve di~cussed the need .i::or Saha'I social scientists > to be more accurately apprised of the Baha't teachi t:.r7s on soul, Gpi:-i t, bod- > y, psyche, mental _faculties, the relationship of body and so~~l, dreams, sex- > ua.Iity, so as toá study these phenomena empirically. vii th an eye towards draw- > ing parallels between scient.i fically and 'religiously 1 revealeái info:--mation, > and to. bring. > t hese topica--where. appropriate-~and the . > Bah.a' f ~1ie\vpoints-- > .-1hen propitious--to the att~ntion of thei:• fello'.á: social scientists. Also, > ~..,e > . shared th.a •Jieá..; that a :~.ore intimate cc.n.ta.ct > . bet ,.,een Baháa • I social scient- > > i:Jts coul..i assist 3.ll par.ties in reconcili:tlg their professional and reli- > g ious livesá and perspecti't1es, and in discoát ering á md developing ~'lhatever > elements in either field which might augment . t~e experience, _appreciation > and understanding of the other and of the ~"hole. In particular, 2.a.~•I > social scientists má:.:.st come t .o.g ether to as> themselves ál'lb.at they can contri- > bute to contemporary society as social scientists an1 as 3a~a'Is •,:hich is > distinctive and clearly ~-rorthy and ~.itorth1,;h i.le. á ':le ~poke Oáf t~e real gaps > between individlial 3aha •is wbQ practice the Freudian, Jur..gi J.n, l'' \dlerian > methods of _t herapy and also ::;et-\.,reen psychotl1era:pists and research á ps:.rcho- > logists, anthropologists, sociologists- and the ot_:-ier branches and twigs > of the social science áorofesaiona. > • • > > ~1a. Steiner-Khrunai and I spent several hours discussing the pcsaibility of > o.:-"ganizing a !'.!.onfe?"ence of' Ba.hi.'1. psychologists (or social á s cientists in > seneral). for July 1982, to be held in Sá..,ri tz!rland . or England or ?ranee, > and including the efforts of the many Bah.a' is in the social science profes- > sions residing in Germany and s~11itzerland and elsewhere iri Europeá. Last > XI. SWITZERLAND > > 1)Gita 3teiner-Kh~msi > rnter'l1ie,,'1: > year (1980), she took part in oreanizi~g ~ snall conference for Swiss psycho- > logists, r~eld in Ler..zbur~, to vhic'h fi 1e áprofessionals contributed, and u- > > pon t:ie success of this endeavour. s:!e > . - > ~.ár.3.a appointed a r.iember of. a com."'.'littee > . > of the rTational .Spiritual ..\ssembly of t~e Jahil is of 3'11i tzerl~1nd and asked > - > to 1:ielp organize subsequent conferences, a."1.d on ~any topics ;-1ithin the range > of r•3~~a' i studies''. Dt1e to previous coilirni tr.ients of an academic and ertploy- > ment nature, she had to resign ~er ~enbers~ip on the cor'.1.~ittee. She and I > disc1.issed the possibility of re11i~1ing this pl~n, a.11d of t,>1or!.-:ing. together ~.,ith > ?eter Soith, sociologist at the University of Lancaster a..~d 11.áell-known through- > - > out Europe and "\merica for his organization of yearly 3al'l3' i studiea semi1.1.ars > in Lanca.ster for a number of years; b.ut September 21, 1981 s~e á.-1rote r.ie a.n- > no'.mcing that her professor. had decided that she 111.ist subr.iit :1er completed > P~.D. (lisaertation by ?álay 1982, and 1:.enee that she must 'forget everything > except working and finishing rrry thesis, this has absolute first priority in > this stage of life of mine.' t!/e sympathize! The also indicated in this let- > ter t!1..at 'The Sá11iss NSA, though, is very interested in such things and I am > sure they are still very o~en-minded to su~h projects. A person you might be > interested to contact is Prof. !á1ehri ~assegh, she used to be Psychology Pro- > fessor in !eheran and iS. in Piagetian PsycholOg:'J• She kno 11s about our plans > > and is very, very enthused.' á > Ms. Steiner-Khamsi feels t~at the organization of a conference, and actually > of a series of conferences of Baha'is in the social sciences, e1.nd in other > scientific professions is 'a subtle wish of every academic Baha'i and I be- > lieve, it repl'.'esents a big ho~ for raising finally the level cf deepening > -3...'lld proclamation of the 3aha 1 i.Faith.' She is in favour of áanything that > i~proves the fortunes of the Faith, and ~ence would be supportive of the es- > tablis:mient of an European Baha'I Studies Association and the co~pilation and > publication of scholarly and scientific publications about Bahi'i topics, in- > cluding an ~~cyolcpe.1i_~.....Bahi;' i. . . > .. . > > Publicaticr.si '~he relation 'between prit!'.ary and secondary socialization,'' > n.p., 1978. . > ''The ir.iage. of old people, percei"ted by S111iss middle-aged > people. A representative study on the ser..iality of old > people,' n.p'., Bern, 1979. > ''Critical life-events. A biographical approach,' n.p., > Zurich, 1980. > .,.,-...'. -- .-J, .. . > v........., ,.~?T' ,.,• áá::i > ' ~ > ,..J • . _ . .... > . . > . > > á~- )á••' ál '"""' ...:.. > ,...áá ~ -.' > • ,,.,. ,..,,,1z > á .,. > - •.,..,1ag .. •. :"'I"'• > • > c . . ,. > .- . ..... > . > - . > .._._v. ..,•• \ > .> > _.._ 0 .-. • á -~ .., > I \ :... . 4 'á~ _. ' ""'~ . 1.Sn > ' > : J_ ' > ~ > > ..... ..., ~ • .....á-,..oa'',... > . t., o '". áá ..- - ~ > > á '- -r ""f.':.S > -á p- .-... c; - •• á• > á - • ' •C -.I • > ~~ > L .• > -- - ... L "" 'W' - J ;, > > . > -, nee.,...1 > t > J. .• • • ~ > • > ..... - t •.\1 > • > . - exá-: > .. > . 1 :~.,......-i~ > • á-áá > .. •('; > . "'" . > =á nt'!•?r- .. > .:> á- . ~'T:• ..: , ':>.. " • á' - > > -,~~cá11 ~-r oc T.'r:r--1 .,...P.er i' ná:- > - á- \ ,. - ..,, ""' .r. .>i > 1 ()71..,. > ,; ' > ...... 1.:.".. .J'"" . . . .., - > > 1917!~:_7-::;, áá~ueer. '!'3 7J:ii,rersity, 2el- > .... ., ~ t '. ár o.,... t •" > ,.,e-áá á -1á- '.,.t=::i '. -:an"""' ~á-- t "l' ' '."':"' á-,á ...,• ' ":J:r > ' > ... - á ;;;> 1' ... - .. . . - - ... ... ' > :r 1'áuá--tr 1 "'1 á .--..- > ~á• > r:i,.t ...i.,., ..; ,...,.,ent > ~ > • 1 f'.';'7r:i-<-:P. > -~:;t.- > .... . ; 1 :' > ; > , ' f L .~ > > 7 .. ._.;cá'~!-o.I. 1Jniá,re,..'.<'1..; i- 1 " > _..., •,. .,i.. l II' Ji, - Jo. '•.,T ' > 5 4\J •,r1 á1i.án<'f' > ...... ""'-,:. ~) > Inrl,á -- > •~L'...r,...l > .. _. 1 ,.., > "'á ta t.conomy. > > :'!:. tar 1ri e~'1 : :á ~r. > I'ierouz and t'.1is renor'ter talked f or less thar1 o:!l.e 10~.tr 1 > > -:ine a ...'"~,,,,e::!'.'noon '. 1.~.tr1 ng á :'jy v1.s1á áát t o i-,á > .:i > - > á.4is 'r-~o!'!'ls 1n > ' • ' .D'ie t"' .. "". > 1.Kon '.'11. "f > á..:- .á.s. .zi• ..i.~a !3teiner- > 1,..., > > f:'.:~.A-~t'.1s i (!u r i:tg the 13.st •.-1eek i 21 ~!ay .1981, and since t ".i.at t .::ie ~.1e >!ave ex- > c }:anged t~á10 letters -?..pie.c e on t'he suoject of á or ~a.nizing 3a~a' i stuii es con- - > fere nces......in ::2 1.~rone. in. t~e :::.ear ft:.t11re • . :-lr. iáJeroUZá is ua.rt icularl~r inte!'ested. > ~ . > ' • '. > 4 ' ~ > > in ' .."1.;-ia' i .~:ppi"oac áá::s to political and economic probler.18 ir:clud.ir:á='; t!1e :--.(1_- > :r.i.nistration and .3ag;e of eri.e rgy-generating r.tateriel. JP..iri!'lg ou:- ::;~etir.g > i! r~ ~áf ero').Z i~formed me that he had \n-itte!t a á paper cletailing his :3ol ál.ti.)n > to the nuc:.-i-discussed 11 energ:-f crisis'' , and that he •1101Jld lil ~.á1i ~'1 otter B.-:i,'b.E'is an~l ,_;rou~d pro,rid e me ~:sith a COJJ:f thereof i n tte ;ááear i'!.i.- > t u:e. '.{ is r.1a11Y obligations haá.re not. allcw.ed him suff i cie?J.t ti:ne t:l ::..- ans- > l a te t~1is p3.per f ro m Gernan into English and á to send ?:::e a copy , bá á?: i ex- > .,...e.c t t '"'"" ar.,...:~.. •ral > ::."' -á'W . "~i-ereo > w-.. > . - > 9 .... n:y da~" > • ,f no"-'á > 71á• .-.... n ..,,.,.1.á;_ás , ast 1 et+o::::i,,.. > 'Cl. v -á > to me ~.., > ...L > J..e J. > 1.,~. r•Q.- > ..z ~ ... - • 4• ' ... > > ce=nber 1 6 1 1981, 11r . i!erouz ~..rrcte. ~e . tr. at 'AboiJ.t ~r subject 1'A !',Tew .4.nswer > to the Enerw.r Puzzl~, 11 I gave three tall{$ in different place~ in S'tli tzer- > lo.n:~ . ~.1it:101.it ar,;y succ ess, ne~ year I 'N'ill give a tall~ at t':le Zu:- ic h. l;n i~1er­ > si t ~r .' ":-! e also . r-ei terated t hat he •.á1ould ~ontl"ibu te as r!UC ~ a s ?Ossii,le to > t "1e o!'gani zation of future 3a:.ta ' i studies conferences in E:.iro;:e and t ''"!e - > readers of t'lis report. should tx-ce note o:- th.at--in I a ':filling collaborator! :\one of ?á[r. rfe:!."'01..: ..::; , s putlications ha-..r~ beer:. in > t'. ~e field of 3a~a'I studies., but I ,,,il l cite t l~em nevertheles~, as t ::3y > ::v1~r . 1Je of interest to some áof you á readers: > > 2\tblicat io:l.S: . 1'Squeezing of s~.elis b~{ 'rot9.tinP; balls t II thesi~ - Prod1.1cticn. > Enii n eering , Uni•1ersi't ~r áof -~~lexandria, E;,-rpt , 1')14. > .l\. ir {3.nd Coolir:i...g 1:.1a.t er Te!1peratu!'e Ef f~cts c:'.1. t:ie T'.'ler;~al > Eff".-ci.ency and :::1ectric9.l ~")0 1.áfer OiJ.tput for Cor:l'-: ined Cycle > ?oá.ái9r Plant J siT'..g GT 7 :r-pe 11 Dc;, 1• 197.1 . > "Comp:ir ison bet,-reen :á:> i ngle , Double anái ::ul ti-~i' lash .SyGte.ms > i .n Geothermal Poá,.rer Pl.ants,'' 1978 .. > ''Energ á.ára.Ste in t ~'le á:ievelo:)j.ng > . . > countries to . prorl,.tce er~er~~l •' 1931. > . - > Mr l'fero1.i.z. ~á~no\ots ."Jác t :: áof t~1e c.oncept of an European Sa:á~.a' i Sttt ion and t~1at of an Eáf'\c.láolo pedia 3a~a•I, andá '.'le is partic1.1larly eager to con- > t:- ib11te to the for~er i.biea~1our :3.3 planner aY-t;i PáTI'tic.i pant. ~re does not > . - > :r er.:a.:t-d. ~ 1i :.ts elf as a Ba.::3' i. scholar, but is e .:.l~e r to .s:1are :1is á ~á:: no'.át l e dge > á.-1ith ctá:;.ers and to learn . fro~ Ailá .and One. > ár- > . > . > \. > I > .. > .,...á- . .,. . . . . . n > ~ > ' á ,.. ....,; - > . > .,.... ~ ., > --. > t . __, > . \ á- 1. > .1'1 - > .:..l.~_, > , .. > ., ~ .... > . ,_ ~ .:.:> • J. > > 7'.o. .-,..eesá > . .I~ -:. .... • > "1.. ~c • > ; _.. . •,,.... > in ;.- n , ~.;...... ne,,.....,.; > - • .!-/ ~J > á:i~ > c... ..... "á t > -~ > > rá ~, i.á á.:- '°.,... > .... .a..&. ""' 1á t ..~,. of' > _.,:l > .... _ á i'Jo > . 1 . ~co• > 0 ,..... > 'i • .. > > ...! . .n.t er"r1et-1: • . ' • '•..r oz:tr'"-3.r ~~-; ~ ~.ar 3ee r epor t on i...,,' in > .tr r ( . 1 J.n'j) reco::!::ten\,e ~ á,J ...i. t':1a t > -T ., .; - iá t > > á.. ~-:e > ..i.. • > . > ~ -~ > > • • > . > '-á. .. iá sá ,._r > • t > v ot'n~,.. > > ~ > Q., > > -á á > - > .;.. > > - > ,:!osco•11 e .:..xi:ia 1.s o . <11.S á 0eri.era' á > 1.. n C! áááiá +-.e,.., "" ~nri 1. n o..,..,..; 0 - > ~.j ~á > > f ' > ""~ > > á > ..:.. -~ > > . > t á > . > > -á > to á.: ~ f?o.,...- ,........0<:"'e 1.... f ......... e..,._:. á.-i-..:..--- áá_t1 ..... > .... . > > á > ..:. > > r > _(,.._ .... . . > > .. á' > ion. ,:r . ....czar.a!' l:an a.r i.11si.Jteá.J. .la d á > .!... ,1..;. _ > > á á > ; ..., ,.,. > .L. __ , > > ,J > : á• ..1" > > t' t > . > .L;,.~ > > '' 6 > . 1 <;J > .. (ár~et > . . .. ....., > too youn'c-i .;n t~á1~~ ose c~á•'-"r > "t') .1,. > ~~á,.3 1.~., > . .. ' á v : to > ~ .~O""COláI .., ..,..e':'""ler."beá > - • -~ fa . > r '!•';"'e.,.. > ...., > .r "1: .. ,~ C"há ~ O~J. ~,.., .._... ~,..,; .,,,~ > á áá-~.J '-á'--áá~.:.> f > > but that :1is brother Feizollah ~-!~S ol~e~ and. ~1as ~ ~uch better > . > ~e~cry for > f -?.cts. ~-:r. Feizolla1:t ráIarndar :t.nd I ;;,et . in his :to:.?e one late i [ay :-;;ornin~ > for an})!'oxi.:ately ten :niá!lutes, 1nd d:uri~g t i1at :tL'1e t ~1is s ental ancl in- > sisr~tful soul con..1eyed the. fo!..lo ."1i:n:g , ~ár'hich .á r;i.ay be of ii1terest to -s o::1e of > > :/ou: ~le 'ioes recall many details of the yea.rs he spent in i tosco•,ár , incluái- > ing :::ost of • t~1e á belieT1ers in t he ci t::-r at t l:at t.i~:le an:l t '.:e 3u1.)3eqttent for- > • • > > t ti.nes of a~ny of these i.ndi..;idi.tals, á'3.ná:i ~:.e ~..rotll rl be r:tore t~1an '1-Jillinz to > .~ns1.-1er any questions I mig11t asY<. ~~e '.f i.-:1 recom:nend ~10~.-1e ..1er t:t:it ! ta.I!-< > iáritli !áI essrs. > . > Kazem and Ziaollah KazemzadeJ:i... and Dr• Fi:-uz Y.azer.tzadeh. D.nd > also t 11at ! do some. reading on the subject of Ba:W. ' is i:i ~Ioscoá.~ before > returning to interview áhi."n. He á also ~ent i . one:d .á that f.1r . Fereyd-un ~álazlu.--n, > resident of Locarno, Sl1issa - (Italian_S 1.-1 itz~rl~nd) has ior.e r e searc'.'.'l on > > t ion on ']ussian :3al1a' i histor~r. ':!e s~~all ~:;e > - > T... eo Tolstoi' s contact t!ti th t h e. Ba..,,.,~i°' i Faith, and as a aource of info.r r;,a- > touch. God willing. in > > 4) Dr. C!tristine Sarna.ndari-Hak im • > I;:inguages: Persian,_ ?rench, > ':'n.slish > De gráe es: ?-'l.D. in Jociolo gy > .of Religion, Universite de > -:..:>ar 1.S, > á 1 9,..,8 > '. ( ?• ) ,• .i' 1 > ' . A• , • .:.>O- > in r > > c iology of Religion, Univer- > si te de !áIa..nterre, 1971; dis- > . . sertation topic: ' ?-faissance de > la Foi Baha'fe, et Son Proces- > 9u.s > . > Social,' 1971 .. > Intervie~t1: > .itctually; ~.,1e r.1issed out o~, tr~e intervieá.1, and so I left > Zurich •:rithout talking to Dr.. .. > 3~"'i1andari-I!akim in person; but •,re did engage > áin a. s:tort telephone conversation du~ing á.i11ich áI found ti'lat t:1e chere doc- > teur is equally fluent in E~glish and French (and, I assume, in Persia..~ > as á •;relll ) J tl\at s~e i~ a ver-J. báusy nother and auth or, an1 currently at > - > \á/Ork ápreparing aá bo.ok á in Fr~ilch .for a S•:riss cor!h"!lercial publisher on the > . > Fersecutions of' Bah'i' is in Ira:t, the assa.ssiIT..ation of ~er fat l1er, t~1e re- > ḥ'...i.'lC'.oited )r. _l~Ianout-cher ?.:akim, á 1.-1it~1 an i~,_trodµction át o t::e 3aha'1 ~.,aith-­ > its 11istor.1 and principles-- iy t'r:e S .-1isa md French) reader. I á.1ill i::ie suppl~ring you \ári t ~'l nore 1etails > > ofá Dr. Sa-:iandari-i:J akim' s paper s, publicatior..s áa nd professional á.-rork in ny > =.ext re:Port on 3a ha' f St1..ldies •.-rorld.- .tJide. > 15.Jf > > De <::-rees: > ~ . \vhat for? > > Interá.riew: > . > ?á!r •. Dieter > . ~t:e~rer~c.Ii..mid 9.!'ld . I met at a gatherih.P..' in honor > o f t '.á. ~ :{and á of the Cause of God Zikrullah Kha C.em in t:te hor:ie oá: ~1r. and. > ~ ::.:-s. :-::1a.;lsi, Basel, S;-lit.zerla.."'1d, in Jan;la.ry 1981, and •..te kept 1.!1 touch > b:r :9CSt c_,~ing "'::!Y travela, and. á..;=:en ! declare d ey intention to :eturn to > Ga.3el, iá! r. iá!eyer...Sch.:nid most generously and á~O'ringly invited .ne to stay > '.-i it:1 ~il!l and his .far.'lily. I. of course accepted his invitation anrl. '~it:t > .io~r. ?á1r. :á:l eyer(pleaae let t~e . Sc!-'.I!lid be un,.i.el'ástood!) i::s a talented and > pi.cfessional . . sir.ger, > . > a chorister in Easel ~ -- á some seven years no•,1. Ee > ~ á á 11 y rrom > i~ ori.~:.na_ .. '..:i ermany~ > ('! . F or: maL: > á -r ~r ear :_ s .:1as b een a .: :. t u dent and > pr3.ctitiá~!"l.er of reli;Eion, a mystic á.,:.'1!'lá1er.e r indeed, and rl.uring his vran- > '!eri.::-.i.i;s ~1e haa been a Budd...i.ist, .tJ. Tr ""::scendental rá!editator (and hence, > ~le explained, oore or less IIindu) a:: i -9.~Lso attracted to Theosophy. For > ,£l nlL:tber- of yea:s he taught T .!~. in Ger~y, : until he r:iade cet"tain dis- > coT1er i.es t-:!:iqh. :,aT:e. set him a gai::-w t t h is method of meditation, a.t.'"ld this > !'e2.ic;i-:~ rnasquerading as. sc_ience. !áIr. !áieyer '.iOtild. have those .of you ._f~O > !.1".'e .attracted to T.?á!. be~1a-:-e--his years of experience a.a instruc"tor and > 1.11iti::.::or á and transcendental meditator qT1a1ify hi.Cl to separate .,,~~eat > f::-c::i cl-...aff and see t l\e realities of this Cz':'ganization, techr.ig11e ~:ind > p;1ilosoph:r as disti:ri.guished from theá_ appearances. Those of ~.-,:-;i •át:io > ':!OUld care to d.iSCUSS t.'1is SUbje~t l\lith :-lr. 'f'fey er can refer ;{OU.:-selv es > to h irJ ádirectly. r.'fe spent most o! our ti.'?le. together diac1ir.s1ng Buddhist > - > a..Ttd Ba.~a' i "lifeatyJ_e ''á :md concept io:ri...s o! life 'l...."ld purpose :i nd art. ~á!r. > lá~ eyer is a long-t~e student of the :;::-t of ikebana, of Japa.J,1ese flo\'fe!'- . > arran;ing, and of the tea ceremony, a~other Budd~iat-in!luenced Japanese > ettstorn. :!is. gar1en iaá > beautifully > . . :"'l olded and. f oliated : to be conducive > to medit;ition, a.~d láfr. l'l eyer willá soon build áa little teak tea house fo-r > ~is tea ceremoniea áand meditations. He has composed some love!;' lovely > ~elodies to en.':iance theá beauty ot selected verses fror:i the :Sabi and: Ba- > r:i•i Scriptures Wl1.en recited for 'the :pleasure.á of the spiritually-attract- > ed. :rr. iáreyer dQes not write papers, nor does he normally give speec ~es > or t~ach c l asses. ITe is an artist and a mystic, a sir.ger and a sculptor > of colour and form and .thrcu.gh his art he seeks to expre.sa trl tth and > beauty, a.."'ld . to convey t he Bah~i rn.essage. á He 1.~ould be interested in > discusain.~ with ot~er Baha'fa a...~d. with Buddhists the parallels between > t:ieae two religio"'.1.S, t :~ese two world-~riews, and the greater spiritual lii'e > of t~e Buddhist in accepting and glorify~~..g and living according to the > "::?.evelation of Ba:1a1 áu.t llah. á. This soul is pure !'i eartl How I miss his lov- > ing co~pa.ny and th.At of his affectionate and practica1 and devoted spouse, > and their two winsome children! If you happen to come by some beautiful > ~rocal -:::ruaic for l:r:-ic tenor; please consider sending a oow to .this won- > •l erful soul. > > . . > .,,v ... - > .:. e .s•aári• > . ~~. > . '. 1. i ""'& 1.• n > l,,. . J..r,. > T J:3.ár...,.t.. > ..:..J _ . ~ . 1 11-~ > _ .. ::., 'áTit;.. > • _ .....,,_á 'f:"'° > . ... (1_ . ~ ~nd "7~ > : ;;i.-.. . > .J. • _ _ ..,,.. > t'! ~..:.:; > 1 i..,. ~..J ""'~ ...... J.;.,~~-:'.''"a""Si > .. _ . , ... , . ; . ... - > ~á1r-; > •.. á. • > _ > ...,_.,.. > •á• • ~..., > ' .._,. . > > \Jne .1~st > ;-• .. áá'ee~.~ o..;:- á á.~..,. > á' A •A.v.., á' .. .. .\.. • • > 1~ :~ 1 .T > __,áá, _ .... ..,S > , .. ;;--~..;,r1"'!er:-P-d > :.á.:.. .-- á.. . á- . ) . ., .á to """"' t:::-...:i.~ > :_J....,, +...•á .~~ á r.:;c.. > ~ ..... ..., ,.......... > , ,...~er > .. á~ . > Ot... '•1• 01....áá" 3 > .. .. > > .; ,... > -- -"' > . > • 1... > t,,,1_ > e ..JU > ~ > ... rr iá n > • > ~ e'!:ll-c.., > .;;ifA..I. . 4 > o .t"" . •.•• -<:...L -> o• 1 e! á .; t -=i ... s on ~á-r 'h.: t..I i o ,....,...a ....> > ..,. .... ..._ .cu - ..., .:. > . • . : l.. v á .!. , J .. - . ~~) - r' '1ár.. ~~ ~"\ "!l ,,.i.--..,. > o .._t!' •k;;l.,_. -~ '- > .r;á~~:..;.. > ;-b - :f/ > -:i ~ ~~-;-'i-rP1..,..i.ea.á > - ...--. ..... . •.. :...;I. 1., 11á~er~t-1l!"e > - _,, ... nd ::>.,so > A. •....::i......_ o~ ~' > á - á oo -'.rs > 1..... ,. > .J " :-,.;... • > _.,1.... -~u-'"'ist > • \. ~ 1 > 0 '"7'0 ,... 0 1 ~ ~""'"' > on t~.lC •ir:tcrp:"Qtat io:i of > • •á:;:A - l A,. .J. . ..&,.. ... > -1 • > .._ > , > ..&.. - ' .. - "' ........ > > •..,.,.. 3e!~t:Cteá1 Ge~:::an a11ri '?renc:i 3.nd Sáá1iss :l.~.lt hors > ..7)""o > ..to. > ~~... etiá ca1 > .... jr,,,, •.:. > . - > 1;~• te-atU!'41'!11 > ....J. ~. coá ii PCt1á ...,n > .r > ,. ~ > A 11> J. á'.)f "'"'\,..) 1..t~l1.. s~ 1 ed > '?"! > .:.J.::..J Tá- 7'0 > - 1,..,...i a > ,;. \,f. J. "'rC"Q > 1~t.," 1 .._ - > á-~ > ..:.,. - ".,J > ~ > I .... ... • > > á.-ro::... ' ~s ~')~' Jr. ? á: :irel, ;:ecipie:nt of a Tablet frori ' ..:\b(iu' 1-Ea~á 1 an~i :-cputed > - - > to ~~3.á..-a :-:een one orá t'.'1.e first declared 3aha' is or s~._ri_ss r...atior1ality. > . > ~\l- > so 3.t ZZ !.ire conies of 7-Joo:<::s ':.rritten bv tr~e 2 e-:rerend >~a"::uel 2ob ert Louis > ~ v . > > i~aussen, about . one •:lozen in all, he l".aving b een .a. fa:;'1011s interp:-etáe r of > y:áop~etáica.l literature t tl1e only S~.-1iss natiorial iistin31.iisl1ed by SltC:t > t :: eo!_o~_~ ical r:eri t. áA c orrrplete list of all 3a11:a•1-:áelated tit 1 es fa t.ind > cJ. t ZZ f olloi..1s: > ~:\fnan, Rufii !áIuhsen, Zoroa&ter's Influer.ce on Greek T11ou,- :;ht; lá~ev1 York: Phi- > lc3osphical Library; "1 965 ... (":?a' 371+B ) ...-á-- • á~ •• > • > ;\-:-3.S t en' , .~á:. .eza , ~uuc a t.1. on !J.n d. S. oc > . 1a > . l !'\•,:a~~ • T_!' 3. n 18 > " . ' e ni• r~F? in > '°"'.3 > > z•.J. BX-ill, 19:;2. . ,SL 29130 > ' .A bdl1' l-3al1a, ::\.n nUru' l-ah2a..fi. !iutá~.:aia.t•,table tal1-:s collected t;~/á LaU:"a > . - > áJ }.iffoti. 3ar:!e~~' ; ~eiá~en:. E. J • . _.(rill, T.Jondon, 1908. (3J 266) > ( * . .. = ~;&J,_c.>t,.. (.;;>~,t... &ir§{~,--1.~\ ) . . . . > ' .J\.bdu'l.;..Ja:áia, Le.a Le or..s de Sai1:t ifean-d' ~l.. cre, traduit á1u .per-san pa ::- ~1ip ­ > :polyte . Dre:rft!Sj Paris: 1954, troisi eme edition. (.E~3 574) > ' .i\t)du'l-3a!i.a, Ansn1~achen in Paris, tran~lated from r.-!isdorn of 1 .Abá:l11 1 l-J'3.i1.;t > ávy Elsa lá[aria Grossm~'1ll, r-ter~ann Gross:na.7lll; Fran.1.cf:.irt-aG'l-i-iain: 2-al1a Ii- > ára:-:.?.5, 1963, 5 .A.ufla3e. (.r"B .,030) á ., á . . áá > ....~ G-:) > ' ..t\.'~á:lu'l-3al:.a, La 1>To~ra ta:""'.'o . ~lortoj. (3a.11a.j i:--..str~o,j.) o0(19 •• ). ( > . - > '"'-~ "-: > ".'> 'áa-'T áááo- 1r - ~~1 áxá,á~i ('1á0~3-.<: ,Q ) -:r á~.~á "" 0'74 (rm. .?~ ;::. ) á > á- - . ... á'"" , á - ,A.• ~á ~ ! á:al._""'. ~ J ,.. á : . • ,) .. Iá" :. •. . :..J _ _,, _ • > > -~. ar~,3. t u ' lla..'!, :.. as1 ta. á.ro:-t --:> .1 . 1TOr1.s 1.nale s!-:r-in::. taJ en 9.raba 11ng'/OJ1 =-~e 1 la > ?J_e .~strpera ?J.u::o' á Pseud. f. B. El á.da 3.ngla li:n.~10 t r aci. '/;J.si.ly .J • .E:;:o- > ~enlc:o, 1.-cun. h elpo rl.e A.~es 3. I\.J.eksand.ro. J apan: 1915. ('Sspá G1 ) > Ja~'"la 1 u' llah , ~:.2.~ita,i . ~t.or_toáj. El la li!'lgi;o trad. Lotfulla:'1 S. II<'ll-: :::i., ,J()~in > á E. EssJ.e!':lont; I,o:!"lc on: .. 191 s. (Ssp G.501) á á > 3a!~'u'l}. ah, ,\eh~enlese. Ai..1s den Schriften 3a~a 1 il'llar.s. t:.. ans.l ated f.rom > t ':.e .un;s... , :... > . s.~ . o f ..,~!.o > ~ ,.. . ,g:-~1 > ' . z..r!_en > . . . .. d 1, . ,..1 . •h .. . ~ I I 11 ' > u ean:.tn::;;s rron 1. . • e i.•1 ri.~ir~-;s o t .:..Ja ~1P1... u __a.."1; > ~ L • .,. -. • > > E':..... a..~:furt-arn-l1aLl'J.: Bal:a' i-V'erlag, 1971, reprint o.:f' 19j:; , sixt:--i edition. > (?3 9373) > ~- ~1!'á u.' lla.~' > -~--.~-' > ne. "'"'K •ftfMIC i. llOC.A . ' ;.J..~ . ..•. s# ,l \ \ '. " ~~;!9!.~á==~:--1-~::.G.....:L::::~:..á > St1t.a.,-'A~•, ~J~as.i., E>tpo~• &.. '10Sattll, . - na.np ~rr Tw.noc-fa•\A '1MttepaTop«.\(oA .-.kAA~JioC•~ > I ., '. > > , > IUjt<"" t ,0.i •~t...d\l.C.t; Ott, l'T. 1 3ahai 3~ist~es (~ersisch; 25 Briefe L~ F~csimile).o.0.(192~). (contents: > Facsimiles of t1á1er1t y -fo.u r Tablets writtená in ~i.a..~d~ Ja:~, :icst á..rit:1 I!is si3natu.re; letter f:;:-o;:i E. ~!all , ~.-l.at.ed 29 ;ára:r 1922, > return á9.ád.dreSa of :'Fernbank'', 161 Queen 1 s ~cad, á Finsb~J Parl-:, L on~.on > :i4, i!ldicatir.g t~1e 8ailing of .>in nUr'.l 1 l-abh~ ••• and of t ~~-e t :1anty -foi..ir . - • 79 > > ~ • '\'lá~..:...eS _..,Q > .o.ClCSl.t . Z"" > ~. ) • (áá'se > .. ... r 11'V"\} > á~J . . . á. > Jausani, ( .~ 1essanái.)~o, ~e!"sia, j?e,\igiosa da '3ḥ'~ t_t~,is.tr.~ a á 3a~:..a~ ~-i,' llah; t 1ilano: > 1959. TA 331 4. . . á > Ba tt6ani, A., Di~ ?ersert 'l.d. i\nfin_gen hisá zur Gegeno;'lar.t , aus d. It.; St1.1tt- > gart: ~-:o:uha'nOer, 19.G.5. (PstT/En13 B.l'\.U) > ' ',.- > . > ,. .:..... . áá~ > • 't. > . . > ••• > r~ M...,.. --"'t > > - > ~ . > ( > • 4 > . > . . ), , > • > ..i ._ á:.. - > i > . .• . . > J .. .....- \ . _ ~. > ~) > > ááá7 ... > áá''":1""1"'"" .... > •_. ...... ,;.. J.... t._ > > ., . -:i-.. ~ .:á ~eJ áá::.llár ... . ..... > . ..., c ..... ......- > r::. > .. . . . ,.:.,._,. . .. .. > . '~ .. ~ - -- r~ > .J > - ~ á á--..... ~ > á~ l ,; .. t,... ' . ... . 7 ' OI . "'á ,~ , ;""" • > ,k,~ , > > ..., > • ... .. - ,, • _.I.. .:,.;I • ... á- > > ' > . > . > > ...... > . .. ."1 > . .............. -::l ...... .-1 á á" • ~ ::i .,... , ~"' s '1., ac:.... 1 ''°'.'t'' á, . \ -1 > ("\ > > . . > '...!.. > > .• > ~ > > . > ' \ '! (.!l'1 > . .... .., • > ~ > > t > .. > ........ . . .r , •-'á :l.l.... c á•~ 1 .á . '_(? > ~~ 7 oá • > . ... >A. á..J "_.._ - á'"' • ... - .• t . '" I '• > á~,.,.....,e, > ......... \. . . . _, .." . ,, > . .. , ..... ,..,, , "\ > .. > I - > ~t .~ > Y" -,_ '='9 • > á.. v • > . > '. ~,.. á1e• á e t > .• • .L .I- .. ' ' .. > 'á' > 1 ...; /' > ..~ > á~ á~ > > " > •.,.1 • • ... .,, I ,. > .• J .~..::i <:: ' • '.:-l _, .• ~ .., . ,. > ; ...., .. ..,. á1 ,_ ) > ; ) .. ~ ') C > ' > . ,,,. - > . ~ á ;~ ... :" - > -. - , > \, : > > . > ., '! 1 ~ > ,. .....;.:) > . > • , á~ -áa .. .-. .. .. . - ' nar.; > . - . > ~.,~ "'! :.~ > . . ,.,, .- > • > . C'" • > ..:... ;,;:;-.) - ...- \ .... > / 7-=-' > : > . . ... > . > ~ > > ... J , _i ..... > . > 19' á- . -. """ ~ ~ " ... > - - á - •• JC..-~ 4J. > - . > .... f ' , ,á-+. e á~ o > """ á - • , ) V > > ~.:á- :i..;.... e.,. > T. ~ ~ á ~ l ; ~á .;. ~ ~á ~á ~ 1- > • '"'- ' ... , - - > > g?á-á.. > 1+':13~ > 'J - - > > :t:l. > , " . . . I , ) #o . . ...,,, ._ V > ná-s > \,,. - ...... > = > á ~~ o - > - c a > ' > . J'.'-..l. j"''"" > ... , > > , > á- t -'i.. á::á-á . - "' > ._~á •. .'.t á.-"' .. - > . . ,:;.i.. ... > ..__ á:.. ,;:, • > • > - • > . 0) . . ) > " 1, > . > > . .., '.'.":.. ::'> 1' ' > > ... , > . > .. .~.-á . ... > ~ > . > ") > - ~v :"'- _... ' > ' > > ... á-I'. . ' á.- .. > ... ' • .. ~ ,á > '"'."I - > _. ._. > ~ > . ..... > " > ;. . - -- . ( , .1 ,;_, .., á1 "~ -: :-i > ' > 1 áI. ~ ~~. ) • > •• ' • ,,• ' \ •••• J I ,,• > > - ' > ~ á . . ... .. > ' . > ,.,. ',, \. > > r. 1 , t/ '- ~~ .... '"' ~ '"=' . > :.::i. ,• > .- > I ~ • ~• . • .) ~ > lt1r~.~ > . .-á .. f.lvá"' Q'' > .._ ._J ~ ... :- : .~ > - > • • w ' > > :- ---.• ~,-e 1__ :\.. .~~c . . .:..io::: > ... > u' ~'1,.n > '- ' : ::. > '-- Snez~~ > " > > d ono 1 C'á~. J1 ()_. > •• " • ,. > !• -J > . ..-::.. ...... > LJ > á- 3.'..l. > "a • > . . . . .. . --;;;,. > um > ~ > > -áá > . .../á-"' ááá - .-+:• - . ... ' > '1 ' r~ ., " .. • t .• o--:• L.. .,• ... > r- l"' I"\ m > :: 9t.t e ~...., .... '3._ e ... t > -: -i > --,..~~-c r"/ t ~,.... > '"' -~á t > '• -. ' , .. ' •I ' • • > .. ~. ... l ,.Ji • > > - á ~áa 'á"' .~ > la ' .. - . . 0 • á., 10 . > .• ,. > > .,. .: .. > ,, ': ,I., > 1 :~ • ., -=a > á.~ > > . . r.:-áá .•....,á) > O .... 'lá O"i nalo ái e I .. 1 > ...... ~ > ~--.e,... > "'-" ....., " > ~n-..o- > ... ~"'l. ..,, > > ~"...;,-, 1á ta . to á: .1. e J_a ~.r ~ ~bá,"4 ác • 'r (':' - .r •. ~ur;~.: •á-.á1 .... -á •( - .-, r- A - ) > > á ---á-~ ...... ' ~ ,::i.• . i á > - á á'á > - .. ~ •':l • > á > ,..J ''áá" . ,1 \ á-•' ..::;) > -á n1"' > - :....,. '"" > . I :; , > > . !'/" > .\ C - > .'\ > > to •••y > \, , > ~ c--. ........ l.,,.., ... ..~~ T stopped looi-:in.5 r"'l .. t'-rrough t:-:e carr1 • > - 1... c . . - > ~ :S t d.. > -- '--' :A. > • T"' á 3 > > ....., ...' 7'7. .after "." 0 J. > - 0 á.....á .C" ~. aJ .l "" e ..... > --.. ;- n ':Ii t á:\ > > .' ........-... t- !J ,3.utho~s- tái'.:-.o ~e n.'.l.'.': es .i... > , > ~ ,:.J .,;_j > .... i.,l ,... " ' "'.:" .. > '\,Op !. > . .; > > - > • •• ~ J > > are r:iost " trobab l ' f t .&. • > i"' es , ... 0 1a-:-- .ea d 1.n ao :~.e . á-á > • .." '{ to '01á > - ".) :1 > . - _., > .1.. ._ .... ~ > ' \ > ~ > -'~ > > .':) '."'! d 0~ ~ ~ i OJ•. ,áJ~.:.1C n are a,.1ailable at librará.:-. . Tt - ... ,,. -...' e > J..~ > - \-. • 11 > .,. ~4'0á ḥ > 1 I > .::x. - - J ~..1..- .. ' > > r- ol 1 ..::i. ct., =án of Eaha'i l iterature i:i Es-ceranto 4 -L ...., > > (certainly ~ore t :-:~n all cf > =.1 - \J' > > "'!" > I > ~ ... > ... > 1 áá > J.. á á - > á- \ > > • > .. > ... -"" > ' \ > t • > 1 I\. re á:.i ves the contents O áf' .... á 'á, ,.., __ c .11 I 1.-1a.s able to scrtttinize). > á' --; > > — *Baha'i Studies in Europe (Used by permission of the curator)*