Source: Bahá'í Library Online (bahai-library.com), curated by Jonah Winters. Used by permission of the curator. Original citation: unknown, In Memoriam, New York: Bahá'í Publishing Committee, 1945, bahai-library.com. ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── THE BAHA'I WORLD A Biennial International Record Prepared under the supervision of the National Spiritual Assembly . of the BahP'is of the United States and Canada with the approval of Shoghi Effendi Volume IX 97, 98, 99 AND 100 OF THE B A H A ' ~ERA APRIL 1940 -1944 A. D CONTENTS xv PAGE 40. Archduchess Anton of Austria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 581 41. Dr. Herbert Adams Gibbons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 581 . 42 H.R.H. Princess Olga of Yugoslavia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182 43. Eugen Relgis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 782 . 44 Arthur Henderson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 582 . 45 Prof. Dr. V. Lesny . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182 . 46 Princess Marie Antoinette de Broglie Anssenac . . . . . . . . . . . . . 583 47. Late President David Starr Jordan. Leland Stanford University . . 583 48. Prof. Bogdan Popovitch, University of Belgrade. Yugoslavia . . . . . j83 . 49 Ex-Governor William Sulzer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 583 50. Luther Burbank ............................... 583 . 51 Prof. Yone Noguchi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 583 I2. Prof . Raymond Frank Piper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 583 Y3. Angela Morgan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184 54. Arthur Moore . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . f84 . 55. Prof Dr. Jan Rypka, Charles University, Praha, Czechoslovakia . . 584 . . . 16 A. L M Nicolas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 584 57. President Eduard Beneb of Czechoslovakia . . . . . . . 185 58. Sir Ronald Storrs, N.V.C.. M.G., C.B.E. . . 5 81 59. Col. Raja Jai Prithvi Bahadur Singh, Raja of Rajang (Nepdl) 581 60. Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and lreland . . 587 . 61 R t. Hon. M. R. Jayalrar 587 62. Prof . Benoy Kumar Sarkar, M.A., Ph.D. . . 188 63. Mrs. Sarojinn Naidu . . . . 588 64. Jules Bois . . . . . . . . . . . 188 . 111 In Memoriam . . . . . . . . 593 1. John Henry Hyde Dunn . . . . . . 593 2. 'Abdu'l-Jalil Bey Sa'ad . . . . . . . 597 . 3 Hiji Mirzh Buzurg Afnin 'A16'i . . . . . . 599 4. Miss Margaret Stevenson 600 5. Mary J. Revell 602 . . 6. Dr M SBiih . . . . . . . . 606 7. Oswald A. Whitaker . . . . . . 606 8. Hilda Gilbert . . . . . . . 607 . . 9 Elizabeth R Greenlcaf . . 608 10. Howard Colby Ives . . . . . 608 11. Mirzh 'Abdu'l-Rahim &in Hifizu's-Sihhih . . . . . . 613 . 12 Matthew Kaszab . . 614 1 3. Mabel Rice-Wray lves . . . . . . . . . 616 . 14 Bridget Hill . . . . . . . . 623 15. Richard Marlow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 624 . 16 Haji 'Ali Yazdi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 624 .- . 17 Mrs. Margaret Dixon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 621 . 18 Ida Boulter Slater . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 626 19. Frank E. Osborne . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 628 20. James. F. Morton . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 629 . 21 Harry Raver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 630 22. Sydney Sprague . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 633 . 23 Carole Lombard Gable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 635 . 24 Mir 'Ali A&ar Faridi Uskui . . . . . . . . . . . . . 637 . 21 Narayenrao Rangnath Vakil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 637 xvi CONTENTS PAGE 26. A h a Knobloch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 641 27. Philip Effendi Naimi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 643 28. Muhammad Effendi Mussa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 644 29. In Memoriam List from Bah6'i News . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 645 PART THREE I. Bahi'i Directory. 1943-44 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1. Bahi'i National Spiritual Assemblies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2. Countries where Baha'is are resident . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Abyssinia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Af&Bnistin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Alaska . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Albania . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Arabia . . . . . . . . . . Argentina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Australia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... Austria . . . .......................... Bihrayn Island . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Bahic_hist&n . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Belgian Congo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Belgium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Bolivia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Brazil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Bulgaria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Burma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Canada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Caucasus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Chile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . China . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Colombia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Costa Rica . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cuba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Czechoslovakia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Denmark . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ecuador . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Egypt . . .. El Salvador . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Finland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . France . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Germany . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Great Britain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Guatemala . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Haiti . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hawaiian Islands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Holland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Honduras . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hungary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Iceland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . India . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 'Iriq . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . III IN MEMORIAM I11 I N MEMORIAM JOHN HENRY HYDE DUNN John Henry Ilyde Dunn was born in come there as often as his occupation of London, England, the son of a consulting traveling salesman permitted. He sought out chemist. In early childhood he was dandled Mrs. Getsinger for every possible private in- upon the knee of Charles Dickens, and terview, and she gave him generously of her was amused and entertained by Cruikshank, time. In San Francisco he associated also the famous illustrator of Dickens' works. with Thornton Chase, whom 'Ahdu'l-Bahi As a young man, after engaging in business called the "first American Bah6'i." Among in Great Britain and on the continent, he the San Francisco Bahh'is at that time were emigrated to the United States. also Mrs. Gooddall and Dr. D'Evelyn and While waiting in a tinsmith's shop in others whose fellowship he doubtless found Scattle, Washington, he overheard two men most precious and helpful. speaking. One man quoted these words of In 1911 his first wife, Mrs. Fanny Dunn, Bahl'n'll&h, "Let not a man glory in this, died. She had not accepted the Faith when that he loves his country, but let him giory her husband did, but had gradually come t o in this, that he loves his kind." Mr. Dnnn believe in BahCn'llih and His Revelation. interrupted the conversation by saying, In the fall of 1912 'Abdu'l-Bahi came to "Surely these words are a message from San Francisco. He had at one time given God." The speaker turned, and, including up His plan to come to the Pacific Coast. Mr. Dunn in the conversation, gave the The Bahi'is of that region were, of course, message of the Bah6'i Revelations. Mr. deeply disappointed, and nine of them met Dunn accepted the truth of the Bahh'i Reve- for earnest prayer that He might change lation immediately and it was not long be- His plan and come. l X s prayer Pias an- fore he and Mr. Ward Fitzgerald, the one swered. 'Abdu'l-Bahi telegraphed that He who had brought him the Message?; were would come! Unbounded joy filled the traveling together, doing business and hearts of the believers. They made arrange- spreading the Faith. At one time they took ments for Him to occupy with His en- advantage of a brief period of uuemploy- tourage, during His stay in their city, a ment to journey to Walla Walla, Vashing- three story house. Mr. Dunn, eager to be ton, where. they held meetings for this pur- as near the Master as possible, rented a room pose. This journey necessitated extreme at a hotel near by. On the night of 'Abdu'l- economy on the part of the teachers so that Bahi's arrival he waited on the curb oppo- they w 2 e often obliged to go hungry. A site 'Abdu'l-Bahh's house to catch a glimpse certain lady, who remained after one of the of Him as he alighted from the cab and meetings to learn more about the great Mes- went up the steps. sage, soon iearned, as she talked with the HS meeting with 'Abdu'l-Bahl later he two teachers, that they were as hungry himself described as having a tremendous physically as she was spiritually. She tact- effect on him. 'Abdu'l-Bahh's penetrating fully insisted on offering them hospitality glance, his life-giving words, be felt gave and spread a bountiful meal for them. him the power that enabled him later t o be- I n 191 1 Mrs. Lua Getsinger, whom Shoghi come the spiritual conqueror of a continent. Effendi has called the mother-teacher of the This meeting set ablaze the universal love that American Bah6'i community, was lecturing smoldered in his heart, and the rest of his in San Francisco on the Faith. This drew life was devoted to scattering that love to Mr. Dunn t o the city and he continued t o the best of his ever growing capacity. Not THE BAHA'I WORLD John Henry Hyde Dunn only did he make known the Teachings of his business in spreading the "Glad Tid'mgs" Bahl'u'llih, but he gave generously material of the Bahh'i Revelation. help to those who needed it. By practicing In 1918, when 'Abdu'l-Bahl's Tablets rigid economy in expenditures upon him- calling upon the American Bahi'is to hasten self, he always had funds to contribute to to all parts of the world to spread tlie the support of the institutions of the Bah6'i Teachings, came, Mr. Dunn immediately Faith and to hclp, secretly, in the emergen- decided to respond by going to Australia, cies of others. where he felt he could best serve. Of this Not long after 'Abdu'l-Bahl's visit to decision he wrote: "It was all very simple, San Francisco the lady who had shown hos- - a wave that came into our lives possessing pirality to Mr. Dnnn in Walla Walla, Wash- us and satisfying every desire to serve our ington, came to live in San Francisco. A beloved Cause, the Cause of Bahi'u'116b and love sprang up and grew between these two, His Glorious Covenant. Mother (he always and they were married. A great yearning called Mrs. Dunn mother just as she called in the heart of Hyde Dunn was gratified in him Father) was reading 'Abdu'l-Bahl's this second marriage. He had longed io he . . . call to rhe United States and Canada, able to open his home for the promotion of and His appeal was so penetrating and the Bahl'i Faith. Now this longing was thrilling, it pierced our hearts. In one part satisfied. His home became a joyful gather- He said, 'If I could only go in poverty and ing place for friends both old and new. barefooted, and raise the call of Y6-Bahh'u'l- Colored and white, rich and poor, of what- Abhi, but that Li not now possible.' Mother ever religion or nationality, all were made looked up and said, 'Shall we go, Father?' to feel at home. 'Yes,' was my reply, and no, further discns- During the years 1912-1918 Mr. Dunn sion took place. We returned to San Fran- spent every moment he could spare from cisco (they had been on a vacation), and I N MEMORIAM Y9Y after a few months my resignation (to my to write to the firm in Melbourne, regarding firm) was sent, everything given up, and a position.' The mail that night carried a arrangements made for our prompt sailing." letter to a good firm in Melbourne, . .. to Later, when Mrs. Dunn doubted the wis- vhom I felt able to give good sewice. By dom of accompanying her husband, he wrote return post a reply arrived (which read) to 'Ahdu'l-Bahi for advice. "It seemed like 'Your application is most opportune, . . . ages,'" he goes on t o narrate, "before a reply Call and see our Sydney manager.' (Thus) came. Read carefully, how and when it . . . a good position was obtained which came. We were all packed up ready to ultimately took me over the whole of Aus- leave the cottage we were living in. While tralia . . . and to New Zealand with the the carriers were loading on our luggage . Bahi'i Message. . , Praise be t o God! and Mother waiting in the wee garden, "Mother was able t o surrender her po- a telegraph boy appeared with a cable sition and God made it possible for me t o from 'Abdu'l-Bahh containing these words, earn enough to travel all aver the continent. 'Highly Commendable.' Imagine our hearts' taking Mother to the capital cities. delight and joy. This made our future an "For two and a half years we remained open door to service on this continent . . in New South Wales . Interest in the (Australia)." Cause continually increased and people . . . On their way t o Australia they stopped came at all times t o see us. There was no at Honolulu and remained there two breathing space at all. I t was an incessant months. This stay was "in the truest sense plowing ahead. One outstanding instance in a real Baha'i viqit, with a lasting profit the teaching work Father Dunn carried on of understanding and conscin~xsnessof real in Sydney was the meeting and making of . love and service to God. . . We landed in the first real believer in Australia, Mr. Sydney from the Steamship Sonona, April Whitaker, who proved a blessing to the 18, 1919. Cause and all its believers, holding the "How strangely things happen, and how friends in Sydney together and advancing wonderfully does God act and bring His the Cause while Father and Mother Dnnn plans into our lives ... so that we can were traveling. serve Him. He is All-powerful t o fulfill "After these turo and a half years . . . His Divine purpose for us in every thing. work in New South Wales, another miracu- ... 0 beloved ones of Bahi'u'llBh, make lous thing happened in business; the whde firm your steps and secure every opportunity of the continent was given me to work in . .. to serve with a new consciousness of love Melbourne was our first stop and we re- and service and so justify our being Baha'is. mained in the State of Victoria for about Strange to say, traveling on the Sonona t o six months. Early in 1923 we visited New Zealaud and Australia was the manager Adelaide; and the same work was repeated of the firm that Mother had represented in there with great happiness. America for many years, and this gentleman "Then the great opportunity came that landed in Australia after visiting New we had been longing for, and we crossed the Zealand about the same time that we landed Great Desert t o Western Australia and in Sydney after visiting Honolulu. ... This opened our Bahb'i campaign with many manager offered Mother a position in the successes. .. Here in Perch . . . we had the Australian company and set us right upon honor and happiness to meet dear Martha our feet. This (arrangement) lasted for Root. A successful teaching campaign the first five or six month. Our original followed. plans for making a living in Australia were "Later we visited Queensland and revisited of no avail. Being far from well when we New South Wales together with Victoria landed (I) was not fit for work, but how and West Australia." wonderfully does God guide us. Father Dunn died at Sydney, February 17, "One day at the end of September, while 1941. The Sydney Bah6'is have supplied an laying the cloth for dinner, a voice, a mental account of his last days and funeral, which voice, sacd to me, 'Now is the time for you we quote in part: "Father was at the Heal- S96 THE BAHA'f WORLD ing Meeting at the Center on Tuesday after- are destined to inherit the fruit of his noon, February l l t h , and uras his usual glorious labors. To the sincere seeker he bright, informative self. After arriving was as a finger post on the spiritual highway. home he had an unconscious spell . . but. Absolutely and completely confirmed, recovered and was fairly well until Friday he was a brilliant example of one in whom when he became unconscious and remained the confirmations of the spirit had become a so until he passed on, hionday morning. living force, vitalizing every thought and "The funeral service was conducted by action. BahFu'll6h, as the embodiment of Bahi'is. I t consisted of readings of Bahi'i Reality, was the spring from which he drew prayers and selections froin the 'Hidden his ever-increasing supply: oi spiritual sus- Words' and of words from Mother Dunn, tenance. I t was not alone the great message smiling and wonderfully composed, who of which he was the bearer that arrested ac- gave those assembled a message such as she tentinn but in addition, the unearthly light knew Father would have wished t o express." that suffused his whole personality when The following tribute to Father Dunn giving the message, endowing him with a came from the National Spiritual Assembly qualit? which set him on a spiritual plane of the Bahi'is of Australia and New Zealand: to which others were blindly groping, a The history of the Bahh'i Cause in Aus- height reached only through the surrender tralia and New Zealand during the last of personal will and ambition. The only twenty years is bound up with the life and recompense he sought was the joy of being work of Mr. John Henry Hyde Dunn. Mr. used in the service of Baha'u'llbh. Every and Mrs. Dunn together responded to the contingency he accepted as an opportunity call of 'Abdu'l-Bah6 to the American be- he must seize for the furtherance of his lievers for workers in other fields. I t was supreme task--spreading the Message, sow- t o these countries, Australia and New Zea- ing the seed which was t o fructify into land, they travelled, and the story of their the world order envisaged by Bahi'u'116h. joint pioneer work is known and appreciated From this task he never su-erved, never throughout the length and breadth of these lost heart, however hard the ground, or dominions. Alone and unlcnown, with no poor the soil, or meagre the apparent harvest. material prestige whatsoever they raised the His faith in the ultimate triumph of the call of the New Day in all the capital cities Beloved's Cause was firm as a rock that of Australia, 'and in Auckland, New Zea- no huffetings of indifference or adversity land. Carefully and lovingly they nurtured in the path could move. the Faith. In the first feu, years no fewer This steadfast soul -satisfying faith than five local Spiritual Assemblies were coupled with his kindly graciousness and established; four of these are still function- understanding heart contributed in no small ing in addition to a number of groups. In degree to his unique attractive personality. 1934 Father's heart was rejoiced to see the But it was his dauntless faith in the power further flowering of his labor when the Na- inherent in the Cause he proclaimed that tional Spiritual Assembly came into being. enabled him to light a flame in these distant A11 hearts were turned in loving sympathy lands that can never he extinguished. Let us t o Mother Dunn when the news was sent all unite in praise and thanksgiving to God t o the believers of Father's passing to the for the privilege, vouchsafed to us of this AbhP Kingdom on February 17th, 1941. generation, of personal friendship with dear The threads binding him to earth had been Father Dunn. May are be moved to emulate wearing thinner and his hold on life becom- his complete consecration. All he was and ing lighter for some time, thus preparing us all he had of ability and talent he used for the severe blow of separation. Though in instant, exact and complete obedience to conscious of our irreparable loss, grief for the call of the Master, and in devoted, tire- one so full of years and honor and who lived less service t o Bahfu'll6h. t o accomplish so much would be misplaced. National Spiritual Assembly Let us rather thank God for the privilege of the Bahi'is of Australia vouchsafed us and future generations who and New Zealand. IN MEMORIAM 'Abdu'l- Jalil Bey Sa'ad The following cable from Shoghi Effendi, Mashriqu'l-A&kL befitting the rank (of) the Guardian of the Bah6'i Faith, t o the Australia's spiritual conqueror. National Spiritual Assembly of the Bah6'is (Signed) Shoghi Rabbani." of the United States and Canada was re- ceived February 21, 1941: "1 share (your) sorrow (in the) loss, 'ABDU'L- JALfL BEY SA'AD (and) participate (in your) rejoicings (for On the 25th of May, 1942, the friends the) triumph (of) beloved Father Dunn. of Egypt felt very deeply the passing of a (The) magnificent career (of this) veteran ~ a l i a n t believer and pioneer, 'Abdu'l-Jalil warrior (of the) Faith of Bahl'u'lliih re- Bey Sa'ad, to whom the beloved Guardian flects the purest luster (of the) world his- has given the title of "one of the Hands of toric mission conferred (upon) American the Cause of God." community by 'Abdu'l-Bahi. To (the) As an old Bahgi of Egypt, who embraced three heroines whose dust reposes (in the) the Cause in the days of Mirz6 Abn'l-Fadl, heart (of) Persia, (in the) Pacific Island who was his teacher, 'Abdu'l-Jalil Bey Sa'ad and southern extremity (of the) American was distinguished by such high and noble continent, a fourth witness in far-off Aus- characteristics that he is entitled to rank tralia (is) now added, attesting (the) first among those rare believers who devote their vital sparks (of) far-flung spiritual do- lives wholly to the Word of God. So faith- minion American believers (have been) corn- ful was he to the Cause that he never missioned (to) establish. (I am) momd hesitated t o make any sacrifice, whenever he (to) congratulate them (for the) resplend- was called upon t o do so. He loved pro- ent successes (of the) Plan destined (to) foundly the Faith of Baha'u'll&h; in its encircle (the) entire globe. Advise hold service he endured many hardships with a N a t i o n a l Memorial G a t h e r i n g ( i n ) spirit of true devotion and radiant acquies- 598 T H E BAHA'f WORLD cence which sustained him in the coune of that writer in a series of fourteen articles many transfers of his position t o remote under the heading "The Bahi'i Faith Is an localities, where he was often isolated from Everlasting Truth." So graphic was his pres- both his family and the believers. We lost entation of the teachings, so ample the no opportunity to promote the interests of proofs he adduced in support of them, that the public, irrespective of creed, and we may the fanatics, having failed in their argu- well believe that future generations, per- ments, sought the aid of the authorities and haps, indeed, even the present generation, demanded t o knour how a judge in a Muslim will recognize the valuable sewicei he ren- country could be permitted to promulgate dered Egypt. the teachings of a religion they declared to In 1923, when the consritntional laws of be anti-M4ammadan. They appealed on the country were being legislated, the com- these grounds to the Minister of Justice with mittee appointed for this purpose recom- a view to stopping his articles. The Mitiister mended that religious freedom be confined of Justice, on his part, tried to persuade to recognized religions. 'Abdu'l-Jalil Bey him to ccase writing his articles in defense Sa'ad, as a judge of the Civil Courts, wrote of the Cause, but 'Abdu'i-J,alil Bey Sa'ad very inspiring articles on this subject, main- answered hinl: "If your Excellency wishes taining that all religions should be treated me to cease defending my belief, then the with equal freedom. This principle was other side should also cease attacking it." passed in the third reading by the legislators. In connection with this incident the ques- This noble Bzhi'i distinguished himself tion of religious freedom was once again during eTery phase of the development of raised in the House of Parliament where the the Cause in Egypt. InMay, 1929, the sicua- Minister stated that although the absolute tion of the believers in Egypt became critical freedom of religions is sanctioned by the owing to the historic verdict rendered by the law of the country, action had been taken Muslim Court against the Bahi'is of Kom to cease the publication of articles by both El Sa'ayda in 1925. As directed by the be- parties concerned. loved Guardian, Mr. Mills came to Cairo, Meanwhile, as adisciplinary action,'Abdu'l- where he met 'Abdu'l-Jalil Bey Sa'ad, and Jalil Bey Sa'ad was transferred t o a remote together they saw the Prime Minister and locality in upper Egypt vhere they believed other high officials with a view to improving he would not be able to resume his activities. the situation of the friends. Later, 'Abdn'l- On the contrary, he took advantage of this Jalil Bey Sa'ad pursued these negotiations opportunity and translated the "Dawn- alone. Breakers" into the Arabic language, thus In 1934 the Declaration of Trust had enabling the Arabic-speaking countries to to he legalized, but it was refused by the study this authentic history, so rich in sub- Mixed Tribunal on the ground that it con- ject matter, and so precious to d l Bahb'is. stituted an instrument of a religious nature I n 1941 his translation was publisl~ed, but and was therefore beyond the Tribunal's owing to the war had to he referred t o j l e jurisdiction. However, the tact and persis- Publicity Section of the Government. From tence with which 'Abdu'l-Jalil Bey Sa'ad this department it was passed on to high supported the claims of the Bahi'is to the Muslim authorities who pronounced i t t o be Prosecutor General finally overcame all resis- against the Xfuslim Faith and stated it should tance and the Declaration of Trust was be condemned. Whereupon the entire edi- recognized as valid and legalized. This his- tion was gatbered for destruction. Having toric act greatly facilitated future transac- lesrncd of this, 'Abdu'l-Jalil Bey Sa'ad in- tions with the Government. terviewed all the officers concerned and I n that same year (1934) a certain learned endeavored by every means in his power - Shayk& el Kharashi attacked the Bahb'i to procure the release of the books. Far from Faith in a series of articles under the head- being daunted by the opposition and un- ing "The Bahfi Faith Is a Pleasing Illusion." helpful attitude he met with, he seemed 'Abdu'l-Jalil Bey Sa'ad, with outstanding rather t o be spurred on hy it and, ignoring zeal and courage, refuted the assertions of the apparent hopelessness oi his efforts, IN MEMORIAM H l j i Mirzi Buzurg Afnin 'Al6'i finally succeeded, after untiring and per- holder of Baha'i Administration. His loyalty sistent labors, in procuring not only the to the beloved Guardian, his ability as a release of all the books but also official per- teacher, his wide knowledge of the Holy mission to distribute them in Egypt and Writing.;, the love he showed his fellow- abroad. Baha'is and the courage and self-sacrifice Among his other historic services was with which he served the Cause of God the translation of "Bahi'u'lllbh and the New will remain forever in the memory of the Era" into Arabic and the compilation of the Egyptian believers, who are proud of their "Laws of Personal Status" and "Rules of first Hand of the Cause and of his imperish- Procedure." able services. In 1941 he again employed . . the Declara- - tion of Trust as an instrument to induce the Ministry of Civil Defense to grant per- S J i M ~ R Z ABUZURG AFNAN 'ALkf mission to build the Haziratu'l-Quds in Afnin 'Ali'i was born at a i r & in 1873. Cairo and to purchase the necessary materials His father was tiq&Mirzi Nhru'd-Din for its construction. So dedicated was he Afuin, a close relative of the Bib. to this task that he personally was often to From childhood he was attached to the be found on the site, supervising the work. Cause and when but ten years old he ad- He continued to carry on this labor of love, dressed a supplication to BahCu'116h and was in spite of all his other work, and the intense honored with a reply. He attained to the heat, until he fell ill and died suddenly Presence of BahB'u'il6h when he was eighteen after an operation. years of age and stayed at the Holy Land He was for many years president of the for nine full months, his earlier return being National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahb'is prevented by an outbreak of cholera in Syria of Egypt and the Sudan and a staunch up- and Egypt. T H E B A H A'f WORLD Two months after his departure from come a Bahi'i in New Zealand. My first Haifa, the Sun of Truth set, and, at the knowledge of the Bahi'i Cause was through Master's bidding, Afnin "AMi' set up in 'The Christian Commonwealth,' which was business at Port Said. He proved helpful to sent to me from England by my sister, who Bahi'i pilgrims arriving at that city, and, was at that time studying music in London. ten years later, wound up his affairs under She had heard 'Abdu'l-Bah6 preach. I read the Master's instructions, returning t o the article about him in the papers, but am - S h i r k with his father to take care of the sorry to say did not think any more about it. Holy House. When, in 1903, Persia was My sister returned from England, and in rocking with the storm raised by the 1912 a friend of hers, Miss Dorothea enemies of the Cause, this family was ¶uietly Spinney, came t o New Zealand t o give re- busy, repairing the House. On the father's citals of Greek plays. While in Auckland, death, Afnhn 'Ali'i and his brothers carried she stayed with us, and told us about the on the work to a successful conclusion and Bahl'i Cause. She had met 'Abdu'l-Bahi, to the Master's entire satisfaction. and as she told me about it all, evidently a At Shiriz, his home was always open subconscious chord was touched. As a t o the large number of believers who flocked child, I used t o wish I had lived when Christ on pilgrimage to the Holy flouse from was on earth. As Miss Spinney spoke, I Persia or elsewhere. remembered my childhood's wish, and the An apt scholar in youth, well-versed in thought came to me that I too might have Arabic, and a 'fine penman, Afnin was denied Him as so many others had done. I t eminently qualified for the education and was this secret thought that made me training of children, a work into which he seriously think of what I heard from Miss threw himself with his wonted zeal in Spinney, and through God's grace and s i r h e . He taught them the Aqdas, and mercy I was enabled to grasp and believe acquainted then1 with. the Holy Laws and in BahPn'lllh and His message. Naturally, Teachings. He was indefatigable in his I told others about it, but though they ap- efforts, acting as Secretary for the Local peared to be interested, nothing more came Assembly,. serving on various Committees, of it. Mrs. Blundell, who also had read carrying on a correspondence with friends T h e Christian Cormnunwealth,' was the in East and West, transcribing the Holy most interested, and we had many talks. Tablets. Although, in later life, his health "Miss Spinney had given me some Bah6'i failed him, yet he was unrelaxing in his books, and I sent to America for more and endeavors for the Faith. also subscribed to 'The Star of the West,' In speech and action, he was an exemplary Bah6'i magazine. The Srst great event after believer, both friend and foe testifying t o this was the visit of Mr. and Mrs. Hyde his unwavering faith, his radiant heart, and Dunn to Auckland. Mrs. Blundell invited his unquestioning loyalty. them t o her home, Lynbury Ridimgs Rd., He ascended t o the Abhi Kingdom in Remucra, t o speak t o a group of about 1941. twenty people she thought might be in- r terested. My two sisters and I were amongst MISS MARGARET STEVENSON them, and I shall never forget my first meet- ing with Mr. Dunn. On'being introduced, I The Bahi'i Assembly of Auckland, New noticed the Bahl'i ring on his finger. I was Zealand, has suffered a severe loss in thc also wearing one and turned my hand to him. passing to the Abh6 Kingdom of its secre- When he saw my ring his pleasure and tary, Miss Margaret Beveridge Stevenson. astonishment will always be something to A short time before her sudden death she remember, for when Mr. and Mrs. Dunn had begun to write her experiences in con- arrived in Auckland they did not know nection with the Bahh'i Faith in New there was a believer in New Zealand. This Zealand. The following are excerpts from was the first BahA'i meeting in New Zea- her notes: land. While Mr. Dunn was with us a hall "As far as I know I was the first to be- was rented and public meetings held. After IN MEMORIAM Stevenson his return to Australia, Mrs. Dunn remained themselves an assembly at this time, 1924, for a tame and formed a study group. The 'though the first properly constituted as- classes were held at our house in Cowie Road, sembly was not formed till April 21st. Parnell, for about ten years, and it was 1926." here that what Mrs. Dunn called the first The narrative was cut short at this point Bahi'i Feast took place. This was an aus- by Miss Stevenson's sudden passing t o the picious occasion and a flashlight photograph higher kingdom. Between 1924 and 1926 was taken which appeared later in 'The the little paper covered booli "Bahi'i Ad- Bah6'i World.' ministration" was received and a study of "It is through this effort of Mr. and Mrs. this resulted in the proper formation of an Dnnn that the Cause in Auckland grew, assembly. Miss Stevenson was elected secre- and on March I l t h , 1924 it was decided tary, which office she filled with faithfulness that the time had arrived when i t was neces- and efficiency till her days came to an end. sary for the Bah2i Cause in New Zealand This steadfast servant was an active t o have an official head, some person who worker in the Cause of Bahi'u'116h for more would be responsible for the conduct of the than eighteen years. Her first visit to Haifa Assembly. Quoting from the Minutes:- and the Holy Shrines in 1921 made a deep 'It was proposed, seconded and carried unan- impression, which resulted in an unswerving imously that Miss M. B. Stevenson be first loyalty and consecrated devotion. Her duties President (Chairman) of the first Bahl'i as secretary of the Spiritual Assembly over Assembly in New Zealand and that she a long period of years, as also her work as be linown as the Mother of the Cause in this a member of the National Spiritual As- land.' This minute is an eloquent tcstimuny sembly, were undertaken in a spirit of to the ignorance of these early believers of loving, willing service. Her sweet, lovable Bah6'i Administration. They began to call nature endeared her to all and her deep nn- 602 THE B A H A ' ~ WORLD Mary J. Revell derstanding of the Teachings was a great souls, a confident hope and cheerfulness, help to students and enquirers. benevolence-traits which singled her out Her passing to the Abh6 Kingdom on as a pioneer from the time of her contact February 1lth, 1941, was a severe loss to the with the Bahi'i Faith. Assembly and to the Faith in New Zealand. Though actively engaged in church work, Her memory will he revered by future she was searching, and that search made generations who look back to the record of her receptive to the teachings of Bahi'u'llih her work. when presented to her by her sister, Mrs. Mrs. E. M. Axford. Annie E. McRiney. She proved the truth - of these teachings to her own satisfaction MARY T. REVELL by her analysis of Bible prophecies; accepted the Faith, opened her home as a center for meetings, attracted some of her church Mrs. Mary J. Revell, horn October 8 , 1 8 5 9 friends and others to these meetings, and in Philadelphia, Pa., had an early life filled attended classes conducted by Mrs. Isabella with many difficulties, which she overcame D. Brittingham, who was sojourning in because of her love for, and dependence on, Philadelphia at chat time. Thls stirred up God. In 1900 after years of illness, her bitter persecution from the minister, which husband, a devout Christian, passed away only tended to make her faith more stead- leaving her with six young children, all of fast. In an early Tablet to Philadelphia he- whom she brought up. This devetoped in lievers 'Ahdu'l-Bahh said: "It is easy to ad- her strong traits of character-fearlessness, vance toward the Kingdom but it is difficult a love born of God, patience, a sympathetic t o remain iinn and steadfast." (See Stm of nature which seemed to divine the needs of the 'West, Vol. 5, July 13, 1914, No. 7.) IN MEMORIAM 603 In the darkness of one night on three member of society publicized his chagrin in different occasions while she was praying, a local newspaper. Nevertheless, her courage a brilliant light appeared before her, which and faith never wavered. made her feel that she was witnessing the "I have met many from the negro race, light of God's Countenance and deepened Orientals, as well as the famous and ob- her spirit. scure of our own race, in the Revell home. Perhaps it may not be out of place to The fact that they came as often-as they quote here from a talk, given at a memorial were in the city is proof of the same selfless, meeting for Mrs. Revell, by Mrs. Elizabeth unaffected hospitality. Pharo: "Week after week, year after year, this "Naw-Rhz 1926, was my first introduc- Bah6'i home was a ceoter. The work of tion to the Revell family. On that day Mrs. teaching was the major problem. Classes Revell opened the door of her home and were held as well as feasts, anniversaries welcomed me. MY first conscious thought and special meetings. Literally hundreds was one of happiness, for I was surrounded of people have heard the Message rhere. with a warmth of love I had never experi- ~ o o k s a, constant flow of them, passed into enced before. In the seventeen years that the hands of inquirers and seekers, at no cost haye elapsed, that warmth, that loving inter- to the recipient. The poor, the neglected, the est, never wavered. sick always found a practical and sympa- "Toward the end of her life, everyone thetic helper in ~ ~~ ~ t ~ ~ h 1 1 ~. ~ affectionately referred to Mrs. Revell as - p ~ ~ of mine can adequately describe 'Mother The name was this spirit, that is like a beacon to those one for if ever a mother was tender, loving, who knew her. solnefolks leave a heritage steadfast, and of phenomenal courage, that of wealth, wealth sometimes person was Mary J. Revell. gathered at the expense of the helpless, and, "Before her acceptance of the Babgi in some instances, this w'ealth is a curse to Faith, Mrs. Revell was a staunch, God- the legator. yet here is a lady n,ho has fearing Christian, active in church circles scattered a wealth of love like a and with numberless friends of similar in- fragrance all over the world, terests. During 'Abdu'lLBah6's visit to -we are of the fortunate ones to have Philadelphia in 1912, the Revell home, then known her. L~~ us be assured that her spirit just around the from the will continue to inspire us to greater efforts Philadelphia Railroad Station, was the only ;n the of God7 home in Philaddphia that sheltered the It Was cAbdu'lLBahh who wrote Master. Later, many illustrious Baha'is en- joyed hospitality. Isabella n. Britcjng.. ham lived with the Revells for three vears (yinin the a dated October 1908 Bahh'i archives in Wilmette, 111.) : prior to her passing. Elizabeth Stewart, who devoted thirteen years of her life to service "I supplicate the True One that this for the Faith in Tihrln, Persia, passed to the maid-servant of God become the beloved next world from Mrs. Revell's home. Martha in the Supreme Kingdom, and be distin- Root, May Maxwell, Keith Ransom Kehler pished among the people for nnde~stand- and numberless other Bah6'is of East and ing and wisdom." West, all were attracted by the magnet of I t was 'Abdu'l-Bahl also who, on the her love. occasion of her first visit to I-lim in New "This presents a rosy view of life, but Yosk City in 1912, said through the inter- there was another side that Mother Revell preter: "This is a firm believer. Her spirit never shirked. I t t w k courage and initiative is larger than her body. I will see you often usually associated with youth, to leave the in Philadelphia." In telling about this visit, accepted form of religions worship in those she would relate how she seemed to be tread- early days; to see the established friend- ing on air in His presence, her heart full ships of many years crumble. A few be- to overflowing with the greatest happiness. came actively hostile; indeed one esteemed A few weeks later (early Sunday morn- TI-IE B A H A ' f WORLD ing, June 9, 1912), while she was visiting called that her over-night bag had been left w ~ t h'Abdu'l-Bahh at the Rittenhouse Hotel, where she bad stayed. Because of this delay Philadelphia, He suddenly turned t o her and they could not resist attending the evening said: "I will come to your home tomorrow meeting where 'Ahdu'l-Bahh was to speak. morning at nine o'clock." Her heart was On entering, they found a large gathering, full of happiness, the hour came, the rooms 'Ahdu'I-Bah6 sitting on a divan in the front were crowded, 'Abdn'l-Bah6 arrived and of the room with an empty seat on either greeted the friends hringing joy and hap- side of Him. To their surprise and delight, piness to all. He motioned for them to he seated beside In His talk that morning, 'Abdu'l-Bahh Him. Although they had said their farewells .likened the friends present to a string to the iriends, 'Abdu'l-Bah6 knew they of pearls, the brilliancy of which, He said, would be present that evening; and because would be realized as time went on (See Star His time had been entirely occupied, and of the West, Volume 5 , June 24, 1914, No. they had had no opportunity for a personal 6). Two friends, arriving late, found those visit, even though they had come from present standiu~gin line on the stairs and in Philadelphia, He bestowed upon them this the halls, eagerly awaiting their turn for a great favor. Many of the friends later said personal interview wirch 'Abdu'l-Bahh. they had wondered for whom 'Ahdu'l-Bahh After everyone had left that day, Mrs. was reserving the seats beside Him. Revell discovered the lunch she had pro- What was probably her last visit with vided for 'Ahdu'l-Bahi and the friends, 'Abdu'l-Bahl was on a train en route from which, in the ecstacy of the morning, she Baltimore to New York City. A group of had entirely forgotten. Those realizing the friends boarded this train in town and rode station of her guest, the Center of the to Wayne Junction. I t was at this time that Covenant, the Mystery of God, will hardly He handed her a string of beads which He wonder at this. Later the same day, had been carrying, telling her to give one 'Abdu'l-Bahh in speaking with some of the bead to each of the friends. No act of friends' at the Hotel, referred to Mrs. 'Ahdu'l-Bah6 was without a deep spiritual Revell's home as the "BahhY Home." (See significance. VoI. I, Star of the West, June 24, 1914, Space does not pennit the recording of No. 6.) her other contacts with 'Abdu'l-Bahh in She was present when 'Ahdu'l-Bahh, in Chicago, New York City and Philadelphia. 1912, dedicated the grounds of the Spurred on by the messages of the Mahriqu'l-Aakir, in Wilmette. While in Guardiau, Shoghi Effendi, t o visit towns and Chicago, she had received a letter from a cities where there were no resident Baha'is, Persian believer requesting her to touch Mrs. Revell although now advanced in years, the hem of 'Ahdu'l-Bah6's garment for him. showed her pioneering spirit by tirelessly On the day of the dedication, while on the moving about in various outlying districts, grounds, she breathed a silent prayer that searching for and helping to confirm recep- she might fulfil this request. Almost in- tive souls. stantly, she found 'Abdu'l-Bahl standing In August 1942, although she was very directly in front of her. Quietly she touched frail, she and her two daughters spent their the hem of His robe, while thinking of the week of vacation in Arden, Delaware, doing brother in far-away Persia, and then 'Ahdu'l- very intensive Baha'i teaching work, which BahP walked away. was syrtematically followed up by other On being asked which visit with 'Abdu'l- Baha'is and which, in the period of about BahP impressed her most, she related the a year, resulted in the confirmation of three following incident: After a week-end with resident believers. her daughter Badia in New York City, spent On October 17, 1943 these three resident in hearing 'Ahdu'l-Bahb give public ad- Bahi'is in Arden, with invited friends from dresses and meeting with the Baha'is, she Arden and surrounding points, held their and Badia bade the friends good-bye and first Baha'i gathering since becoming be- left for the station. Suddenly, Badia re- lievers. I t was on this same day, at about IN MEMORIAM 605 three o'clock in the afternoon, that Mrs. portance of the meeting, he said, was prob- Revell completed her earthly journey. As ably not now apparent to some of those pres- the friends were about to 1eax.e the meeting ent, hut the fact that 'Abdu'l-Bah6 had in Arden, word was received of Mrs. Revell's honored Mrs. Revell by visiting her home. ascension. The prayer for one recently de- would be known in the future as a great parted was immediately read, so that the historic event. group at Arden, the last place of out- Some of the Bahi'i Teachings on Life after of-town BahI'i activity for her, was the Death were shared at the memorial meeting, first group to offer a prayer for her released November 20, 1943, making very real to spirit. the friends present those "days of blissful In striking contrast t o her whole previous joy and heavenly delight." Intimate glimpses life, her last year was one of complete of her life and service t o mankind wcre physical inactivity, but it served only t o given, and some of the numerous messages emphasize her spiritual qualities, breathing of tribute were shared. One of these letters forth a fragrance of which she herself was frwn friends who had come from Europe totally unconscious. The power of her pure mentioned how they were spared homesick- spirit affected everyone who came into her ness because of the warmth of her love and presence; and one heard such remarks as hospitality; one wrote of how a very serious these: problem had been solved by her prayers; "That one brief day with her did some- another spoke of having bee11 nursed and thing for me for all the rest of my life. I t cared for by her in her home, during a grave restored something. It was like a return to illness; a friend abroad said the first thing he the flame of the Master's days." will do when he returns t o the United States "She is a person I u~ouldcross continents will be to place red carnations on her grave, to meet." and one mentioned having contributed to "We will always look back upon, as the the Bahi'i F w d in her memory. One whom dearest possession in our lives, that love we she had taught wrote that she felt now she had from her." had a short cut to Heaven bp her presence N o dificulty, however severe, could cloud there; a friend who read of her passing in the happiness of her sweet nature, because the Philadelphia Tribwe (a Negro puhlica- she turned wery obstacle into a blessing. tion) related that on the occasion of her Repeatedly, frail and almost helpless as she husband's death, Mrs. Revel1 accompanied was, she would say: "I have so many things her t o the cemetery, although the day was to be thankful for." one of cold, sleet and snow--and tried to comfort her; still another from the negro As she passed to .the Great Beyond, her last race said that one word of Mrs. Revel1 word was "Yh-Bah6'u'l-AbhC, calling to changed the tide of his whole life some mind these words of 'Abdu'l-Rahl in a twenty years ago, when he was experiencing . Tablet to Charles Greenleaf: ". . So that a terrific test and wanted t o escape it. That nothing shall he left of thee, neither thought, word was: "You can't run away from your- mention, voice or even a whisper save the self." Word "YI-Bahh'u'l-Abhi". What a pre- Her precious remains are resting in Mount cious, eternal, hallowed memory to witness Vernon Cemetery, Philadelphia, about fifty this flight t o the Abhh Paradise! feet from those of Isahella D. Brittingham, Shortly after her acceptance of the Bah6'i whom Shoghi Effendi has named a disciple of Faith in 1906, Mrs. Revel1 asked Mr. Charles 'Abdu'l-BahI. Mason Remey, should he he living when she Priceless is the tribute paid to her by passed away, t o conduct her funeral service the Guardian himself in a Cable received if possible; and it so happened that he was October 20, 1943: in Philadelphia on a business trip at the time "Grieved passing dear Mother. Her ser- of her death. I n conducting the serxrices he vices unforgettable. Deserve rank immortal spoke with such sincerity and depth of feel- pioneers Faith. Praying abundant blessings. ing that all were deeply impressed, The im- Assure you loving sympathy." 606 THE BAHA'~WORLD left for France, where he received his degree. In France he cooperated with Mr. and Mrs. Dreyfus (then Mr. Dreyfus and Miss Barney) and Mr. Edwin Scott in serving the Cause. But his greatest privilege was in 1911-1912, when he served 'Abdu'l-Baha as translator on several occasions. In 1913 he returned to Egypt and con- tinued his activities in promulgating the Cause. In 1937 and 1938 he visited Tunis and France respectively, in compliance with the request of the beloved Guardian with a view t o strengthening those centers and encouraging their activities. In 1943 he resigned from his government post with a cherished hope of more energetic activities in serving the Cause, whether in Egypt or abroad, wherever directed by the beloved Guardian. During his last stay in Cairo he was fully occupied in planning for the preparations of the centenary cel- chrations, and revealed his plans t o almost every member of the National Spiritual Assembly. He a7as much interested in translating Dr. M. Shlih Bahi'i literature and in making compilations and was very careful and accurate in such vork. He was buried in the Bahi'i cemetery On November l ~ t h 1943, , the friends ofnear the resting places of his former teacher, Egypt were greatly shocked and deeply Mirzh 'Abu'l-Fag and Mrs. Lua Getsinger. grieved by the sudden death of Dr. M. $61&, Dr. M. Sblih will remain an ideal for the chairman of both the National Spiritual the believers in Egypt both as regards Assembly of Egypt and the Local Spiritual character dnd as regards faith, and will never Assembly of Alexandria; a true exemplar of be forgotten by those who knew him the Bahl'i Faith, and a faithful servant of whether Bahi'is or others. the Cause. May his soul rest at peace in the Ahh6 He was horn in 1884; and at the age of Paradise! - 16, when he was yet receiving his secondary education at Alexandria, he was attracted to OSWALD A. WHITAKER the Cause through one of his school-mates "Blessed is the man that hath turned hi who was then a Bahi'i. face towards God, and walked steadfastly in His intelligence and high standard of His love, until his soul winged its flight unto character recommended him for free ednca- God, the Sovereign Lord of all, the Most tion, as, at that time hi financial situation Powerful, the Ever-forgiving, the All Merci- made him unable t o continue his studies. ful."--Bah6'n'lllh. I n 1901 he entered the Uni ersity of Mr. Oswald Alfred Wbitnker. Our be- Beirut for medical study, where he was so beloved Bahb'i brother and fellow member happy just t o be near t o his beloved Master of the National Spiritual Assembly was 'Abdu'l-Bahh, and t o be able to p;it the called to his reward in the Ahhi Kingdom Holy Spot whenever chance availed. *ing on the morning of July 3rd. His passing to illness during his last year of study he was tragically sudden and unexpected, v IN MEMORIAM 607 though he had been in indifferent health for the last few months. Mr. Whitalrer was the first declared believer in Australia and was an assiduous helper of Mr. and Mrs. Dunn in the early days of their pioneering work. I t was in the home of Mr. and Mrs. Whitaker that the first BahUi Feast was held, and since those early days of the Cause in Australia their home has always been available as a meeting place for the friends and for hospitality to visiting Bahi'is. I t was here the late revered Martha Root spent her first night in Sydney after her prolonged stay in China. Mr. Whitaker was Chairman of the Sydney Spiritual Assembly for many years. The spreading of the beloved Teachings and Divine fragrances was Mr. Whitalier's constant endeavor. In his business,contacts, in his family circle and in his continuous service at the Centre, he "lived the life" and delivered the great Message with sin- cerity and discretion. The Teachings be- came to him as a fountain ever k i n g poured out, yet ever being renewed from the Source. In 1934 Mr. Whitaker was elected to the first National Spiritual Assembly and 0. A. Whitaker for several years was a valued and beloved (Shown with his daughter.) vice-chairman. His sincerity and honesty of purpose, his staunchness and fidelity to the enriching their lives and enabling them t o Faith were ever an inspiration to his col- continue the work they shared with him leagues. His understanding heart, his gener- in this earth life. ous spirit, and a courage that admitted of Hilda M. Brooks. no compromise when teaching the Faith, coupled with his unfailing adherence to the spiritual principles, which were the com- HILDA GILBERT pelling force in his personal character and Shortly after the cortege for Mr. Whit- conduct, gained for him the respect and aker's funeral left for the cemetery, Miss esteem of all who were privileged to know Hilda Gilbert, another early believer, suffered him. He had a rare gift of friendship, con- a stroke, from the eeifects of which she died stant and deep, which communicated itself, the following day. Miss Gilbert was a even to strangers, as a benediction of good- worker for the Cause, first in Adelaide a n d will. He never spared himself when duty later in Sydney. She was one of the first called or the opportunity of extending a secretaries after the Sydney Assembly was helping hand presented itself, and no one formed, also librarian, and has always been will ever be able to appreciate the extent a valued worker on various committees. of his sacriiice for the Faith. To his sor- She worked cheerfully and unostentatiously, rowing wife, Lynda, and their only daughter, sharing in the varied activities of the com- Margaret, we extend deepest love and sincere munity with a radiant spirit. She will be sympathy and pray that they may find com- greatly missed by the Sydney community fort and strength in the assurance that with which she was actively associated for their dear one is very near to them. May so long. the fragrance of his memory be a reality Hilda M. Brooks. 608 THE BAHA'i WORLD when married to her husband in 1882, and re- tained the refinement and cultl~reof her early environinent. She had a delightful sense of humor, and will be remembered by her many friends as a charming teacher of the Bahi'i Faith, not only in Chicago and its environs, hut in many cities and towsls of the Eastern States, especially at Green Acre, Eliot, Maine. Soon after the World's Columbian Exposi- tion in Chicago in 1893, her husband, Charles H. Greenleaf, heard the Bahi'i Message, and together with Mr. Thornton Chase ("the first Bahh'i in America") and others, be- tame one of the great pioneers of the Faith in this country. In a Tablet revealed by 'Abdu'l-Bahi in 1907 for Mr. Greenleaf, He said: "0 thou who art firm in the Covenant! Thy services, and those of thy revered wife, are acceptable in the Kingdom of Abhb, for ye made your home a nest for the birds of God, and have engaged in teaching the Cause of God. Ye are truthful gardeners of the Garden of God, and two agreeable serv- ants of the Holy Threshold. This confirma- Elizabeth R. Greenleaf tion sllust become the source of joy to life and r e m e to the conscience." ELIZABETH R. GREENLEAF Mr. Greenleaf passed to the Supreme Con- course in 1920, and was eternally honored by BY ALBERT R. WINDUST the Guardian of the Bahl'i Faith, Shoghi The Guardian's tribute t o Mrs. Greenleaf Effendi, in the publication The BahPi World, is contained in a letter to one of the friends: Vol. IV (1930-1932), not only as one of the "Mrs. Greenleaf's passing deprives the nineteen disciples of 'Abdu'l-Bahl, but as a friends of yet another veteran and ontstand- "herald of the Covenant" and "firm sup- ing teacher. The Guardian hopes and prays porter of the Faith." that among the younger Bahh'is many will Mrs. Greenleaf's last wishes were fulfilled train themselves to follow her example and in that her mortal remains were laid to rest pro6t by the methods she used so snccess- beside her beloved husband, after a Bahb'i fully in spreading the Cause. .Deep knowl- funeral scrvice was read in the beautiful edge of the teachings, profound human Chapel in Rosehill Cemetery in Chicago. The sympathy, a heart which mirrored the Mas- many friends present rejoiced for her as they ter's love, and a winning sweetness and Listened to the glorious supplication revealed friendliness were hers. She will indeed be by Bahl'u'116h for the recently departed greatly missed." spirit. In the autumn of 1941, after a lingering illness, the spirit of the revered handmaiden HOWARD COLBY IVES of the Bah6'i Cause, Elizabeth R. Greenleaf, severed its connection with this mortal world, joined her husband and their two sons in The life of Howard Colby Ivcs is a saga the Realm of the Unseen, entered the King- of the spirit. I t was not its events but his dom of Light and thc life eternal and radiant. interpretation of them that portrayed his She was a resident of Evanston, Illinois, genius. He had, it would seem, been born IN MEMORIAM 609 Howard Colby lves with a degree oi awareness that made, even of "His first parish %.as a small one with a ordinary esistence, a swing between ecstasy beautiful New England church. Brewster, and torture. God favored him in that He Mass., on Cape Cod. He was there only a had bestowed upon him the grace of a year when he was called to New London, martyr's heart: a head willing t o bow, a Connecticut. We lived in New London for spirit straining to soar. five years, during which time father built a Howard Ives in his spiritual autobiography very nice, though modest, brick church for "Portals to Freedom" divided his life sharply the people; then he was called to Summit, in two. The forty-six years before he met New Jersey.. . . In Summit, as he had in New 'Abdu'l-Bah6 he compares t o the experience .. London, he built a church . modelled after of a child of ten! He was horn in Brooklyn . one of the early Christopher Wren's. . . I t in 1867 and after the death of his father his was froni Summit that he started additional family lived in Niagara Falls, N. Y., until work with his Brotherhood Church in Jersey FInward was seventeen and then returned City and also organized his Golden Rule again to Brooklyn. We hear of his spending Fraternity-a cooperative idea, as I remem- many months c n a ranch in Wyoming while overcoming a lung difficulty and are given ber .. . one of his many attempts t o help humanity in some organized way. The fact a picture of a nineteen year old youth tending that he made it while he was so active build- sheep on the mountain sides alone sometimes ing the Summit Church besides starting the for weeks and writing poetry by the light of Brotherhood is characteristic of the rrcstlcss- the moon. In 1902 he entered a Unitarian ness that always drove him. One job was theological school at Meadville, Pennsylvania, never enough. Two might do. Three was and was graduated in 190Y, 38 years of age. better. And four was what he'd like." Of this period in his life his daughter Muriel The Brotherhood Church had no affilia- Ives Barrow writes: tion with his regular denominational work THE BAHA'f WORLD and no salary. A group of "brothers of the effort is our own imaginations seeking vent. spirit" among whom he was a prime mover Throw open wide the doors of the soul and made a gesture through these Sunday night He will surely enter. But it will be in His meetings to include more of humanity in the way, not ours. The doors of the Placeless are scope of spiritual endeavor. Through one of surely wide open but it needs the blood of the his associates there he attended his first Bahl'i lomn to adorn its lintel." meeting. I t was in April 1912 that 'Abdu'l- There passed from 'Abdu'l-Bah6 t o How- Bah6 came to New York and the second ard Ives a transfusion of spirit. A Father phase of life began for Howard Ives, another claimed His son, and never were time, ab- Birth. sence, vicissitude in any way to weaken for 'Abdu'l-Bah6 found, then, among the a moment the link between them. All of the crowds of thrilled and excited people who first tspect of his life Howard had been surrounded H i on His arrival, a Unitarian searching the Beloved, until, as he admitted, minister from New Jersey. He was on the his spirit fainted. When he found 'Abdu'l- outer fringe of the sea of faces, looking and Bahl he found not only the Man but a trace feeling our of place. 'Abdu'l-Bah6 saw of the Beloved. He knew where t o seek and Howard Ives, singled him out of all the find. He was indeed born into a near world. throng, beckoned t o him, and as Howard In a letter to me, he wrote in 1935: later said in "Portals t o Freedom": "such an "The universe of Bahl'u'llih is so bcauti- understanding love enveloped me that even ful, so filled with wonder and with Light at that distance and with a heart still cold supreme that when one really begins to gaze a thrill ran through me as if a breeze from on it the eye of the spirit is blinded. But a divine morning had touched my brow." how much better it is t o have one's open Of the interview that followed Howard eyes blinded than to keep them eternally could but say "He looked at me! I t seemed shut! I t is like the brilliance of the nmnday as though never before had anyone seen me." sun after being shut in a dark room. The We now leave the outer man behiid. I t is blinding is most confusing-perhaps painful as if a musical score had been written for an -but Praise t o be God, after a while the instrument which was as yet but a concept eyes become accustomed to the light and we in the mind of the Musician. Howard Ives see our way about. Just so it is with this had to die to truly live--by the Mercy of Celestial Light. Some great day we shall God, at last he has done so: When 'Abdu'l- become so used to it that we shall be able t o Bahi "saw" him He saw the tumult and see our way about the World of Reality and splendor of one of His own chosen ones- all our terrors, creatures of the 'night of self' in chains still, it is true, forever t o be in shall vanish as if they had never been." chains as long as the pathetic inadequacy of the body should limit the interpretation of 'Abdu'l-Bahi paused at the flight of steps the Score itself. toward which We and Howard had been The people about the Master were all en- walking. The experience, which he has de- raptured by His heavenly aspect, which scribed in "Portals," was as follows: made Him the epitome of every adorable "Again 'Abdu'l-Bahb turned t o ascend quality-there were a few, and greatly gifted and I made to follow, but for the third time among them, Howard Ives, who had the He paused and turning, as it seemed, the full capacity t o truly love celestial Beauty for light of His spirit upon me, He said again, Itself. Years later he wrote me in answer b%t this time in what seemed like a voice of to a childish question concerning the love thunder, with literally flashing eyes and em- of God: phatically raised hand: that I should remem- "The passionate love for the Beloved of ber that This is aDay for v e y g r e a t things- the worlds has no relation to any bodily form VERY GREAT THINGS. These last three or any physical expression . . . This sense words rang out like a trumpet call. The long imagination has been in the past the great deserted city block seemed to echo them . . . barrier to that 'Nearness which is likeness.' I seemed to dwindle, almost to shrivel, where Do not try to build a bridge. Every such I stood as that beautifully dominant figure, I N MEMORIAM 611 that commanding and appealing voice sur- Howard-temporarilyin Chicagewrote me rounded me like a sea . . . Who and what as follows: was I to be summoned t o accomplish great "You ask me how we can accustom our- things, very great things? ... " selves to homelessness. Our own vine and Howard Ives was soon to give up all de- fig tree is a natural desire to the children of nominational work and to become a "minis- men; there is nothing reprehensible in this ter of the Temple of the Kingdom." This desire. Bah6'u'll& has provided for this in term, which 'Abdu'l-Bah6 had applied to His Law, dignifying the home and hospitality him, Howard Ives defined "to be an adher- 3s a means of serving God. Nevertheless ent and promulgator of the Law of Unity there are a few of us to whom He whispers and Love laid down as compulsory upon all in the ear 'Make My Home thy Mansion, sincere believers in one God. T o be a minis- boundless and holy.' 'Riswanea' and I often ter," he added "is the prerogative of every have a yearning for a permanent place to believer in the Words of God and sincere fol- bestow ourselves and our few goods. Just as lower of His Light." He returned to the sure 3s this longing finds a place in our arena-for him a literal "arena"-of the hearts we are moved again ... 'Abdu'l-Baha's business world, chose occupations that would words 'Homeless and without rest' ring in my involve both traveling and the meeting of ears, when He is describing the attributes of numbers of people. During his long train the Apostles of Baha'u'llhh. Rest assured journeys he mastered the writings of Bahi'n'- that God does not take away an earthly home llah and so became by degrees one of the without providing a heavenly one right bere great authorities on the BahB'i Faith. In on earth if we accept His Will with radiant 1919 he met Mabel Rice-Wray, aflame with acquiescence. .. . Rejoice, my beloved the same spirit of renunciation and service daughter, in the little home which Bah&'u'- and the following year, November, 1920, llhh has provided for you. If you are worthy they were married. I t was like the juncture He will move you into other homes and of two swift running streams: from the other hearts, and you will then rejoice again; moment of that union the streams became for the b u n t y of a wider horizon of service a river. has been given you; a greater freedom of The plan from the beginning was to build spirit has been vouchsafed you and a few their lives around the propagation of the more chains of this world have been knocked Cause of God. They settled in New York from your limbs." City and tried first t o earn as quickly as Their first stop was Pittsburgh, where be- possible enough to free their activities com- sides working during the day they held pletely for the life of teaching, which they thirty-six meetings in six weeks. From there felt must somehow be theirs. The fate of they moved continually from one city to all of us spiritual children of theirs hung in another. In most of these favored spots the the balance on the day that these two had a Divine Standard was not only raised but certain talk in which they faced the facts: firmly planted. The spiritual children and they might go on all the rest of their lives grandchildren of these teachers are among the working as others did and dreaming of the pioneers, administrators, writers, of the pres- future--or they could take hold of the ap- ent generation of BahB'is in the eastern, parently impossible by both horns and go central and southern parts of the country. then. In 1921 they sold or gave away all Literally they are numbered by the scores- their immediate possessions, answered an ad- and the race increases! It was indeed the vertisement for two salesmen and started on "day for very grent things." How gloriously heir long Odyssey. had those sods arisen to the challenge! As the years passed no one seemed to expect To account for a lion-like courage and the Ives to have a home. We took it for often superhuman accomplishment we have granted that they should have become wan- Howard Ives' explanation of the secret of derers upon the face of the earth and that power-so diametrically opposed to most they should forever be first packing and then modern philosophies on that topic. unpacking boxes and trunks. In 1934, "I think it is something like this," he once w 612 THE BAHA'f WORLD wrote. "The VCrill of God and the will of in- for me to do. As you say, the doctors are dividual man . .. may, nay must, become often mistaken. I remember an old doctor identified, become identical. . . . 'Abdu'l-Bahi friend of my mother's, who, when I was speaks of losing the self in the Self of God. eighteen years old, said I would not live be- We must accustom ourselves to the actual yond twenty-five. Yet here I still am." .. doing of this. . We cannot think of God's I have said that the All-Bountiful One had Will as a passive thing any more than we can bestowed upon Howard Ives a martyr's heart. think of our own will as passive, inert. God's After five long years of debility and actual Will is evidenced in nature, in power, in suffering through which he wrote steadily he action. T o identify our will with His Will is was cold by a Memphis oculist that the per- to partake of His activity, His Power, His sistent and increasing dimness of vision that effectiveness. T o submit my will to His Will had halted the use of his eyes so alarmingly then, carries an implication of marching- was cataracts! Already cut off from normal wearing-overcoming. But not marching association by his deafness, the closing of alone; we march in step vith Him. We another channel of perception-might well throw our feeble wills in vith His and so have reminded him of a parallel in the story become all-conquering as He says we shall. of Job. He did not live to lase his sight, How can the result be other than victory?" which seemed n~iraculouslyextended' to fill Reiterating again this central theme origi-. the needs of his remaining year and a half of nating in the Master's words in 1912, How- life, but he had abruptly to face the ever- ard, burned out with the strenuous and un- present imminence of still another blow. stinted efforts of t enty years, in 1939, still How did he feel about it? From some notes gloriously invincible, wrote "Never be afraid that he wrote, April, 1940 we are permitted of expecting too great things. Nothing is too to know that too. He begins: great for this Day!" "Yesterday was a marvelous day of spirit- I t was in Knoxville, in 1934, that Howard ual realization, and, God willing, shall mark began to write-at sixty-seven. He was em- a new and great step on the path of Reality." ployed to write articles about the great dam He said that his reaction to the doctor's state- project there, the T.V.A. Suddenly he found ment was a triumphant inner shout and the knack of writing vivid prose. I n the late that it was then as if a voice spoke through spring and early summer he sat .four hours the doctor's words saying, "See how I am each day at his typewriter in the unaccus- trusting you! ... You have offered your tonled heat of Tennessee. One morning he life as a sacrifice in My Path. . I have . . fell unconscious on the floor by his bed-his taken you at your word. . . ." Then comes first attack of angina. He had found a gift the self-revelation of a noble spirit "at the which might have resulted in a relief from culmination of calamity," following scveral economic stress only to lose the use of ic al- pages of honest self-analysis: most at once. His health, always precarious, "If, as I can sincerely say is trne, ever was now undeniably gone, also his eyesight since I have been intellectually and spirit- and hearing began rapidly to go, and he now, ually conscious, approximately from my already facing an end that might come at 1Sth-17th years, my passionate longing has any mnoment, began t o struggle for time. been for spiritual attainment; and if, ever Time to put doa.11 in his new found style the since I met 'Abdu'i-Bahii the path of at- spiritual memoirs we have referred t o as tainment has been sincerely shown to me to "Portals to Freedom." Forbidden to use his be the path of self-renunciation, self-sacri- eyes, he learned the touch system on the fice, detachment from all save God; if it typewriter and completed the book,whichwas has been my sincere and earnest prayer: published by Dutton and Co. in 1937. Then 'Shower Thy sorrows upon me that my soul followed his book-length poem, the "Song may livel' What, then, I ask, must be the Celestial." FIe wrote two later works which instant reaction when that life-long yearn- have not as yet been published. From Win- ing is even partially appeased? What the netka he wrote: "I am content to wait. It response of my soul when those very trials may be that Bahi'n'll61r has still some work and sufferings and even the supreme tests descend from the heavens of His Mercy he almost saw the turn of the first century and Bounty? . . . Has He not in effect said of the Baha'i era, for he lived up to the to me: 'I have taken from you one by one age of 99 years. the normal use of your organs. There is He died with the Greatest Name on his scarcely a part of your body unaffected by lips on the 27th of December, 1942, his death My Decree. Your nerves, your back, your being as peaceful as his life had been stormy. ieet, your heart . . . your hearing, and now Devoted to the Cause eyer since he em- your sight-and you have not repined, you braced it at the age of 32 years, he was in have not sought t o evade nor have you the very nature of things bound to en- turned away for a single moment from My counter and overcome formidable obstacles Love. Nay, rather, have you accepted all ill its service. this as the very evidences, signs, proofs of His skill and fame as a physician placed that Love.' I can almost hear Him saying within his reach wealth and influence, which with that divine smile 'Congratulations!' " he dedicated unhesitatingly to the service The concluding words of this fragment of of the Faith, Spiritual Diary might be the voice of his Numerous were the schemes, the plot- translated being speaking, not then to us t i n g ~ ,the assaults of the Jewish, and to a but NOW, from the realm t o which he has lesser extent, the Muslim populace, directed been gathered: against the Jewish Bahl'is in his native city, "When I recognize th; undoubted fact Hamadin. Whenever the enemies could se- that all this life has taught me, or could cure the ear of one in power, they would ever possibly teach me, is but a sign, a token, make the most of their opportunity. And a symbol, of what the future worlds of God it was at such moments that the zeal and shall surely teach-my whole beiug is lost in resourcefulness of Hifizu's-SiNih were thanksgiving and praise of Him Who has manifest. Approaching governors, and se- bestowed on me-this boundless Gift and curing on more than one occasion the ear this infinite Bounty." of the King himself, he pleaded and argued - until he got their wrongs redressed, their On June 23rd, 1941, a group of about oppreasions removed. A t one time, for in- fifty friends, gathered in a chapel in Little stance, a Bah6'i was refused burial in the Rock, Arkansas, to gaze for the last time Jewish cemetery; Hifizu's-Siha offered upon the heroic outer shell of this great the friends a plot of land for this purpose. man. His beloved wife, teaching in a sum- At another, the Jews conspired to refuse mer school of Vogel Park in Georgia, had admittance t o the Baha'is to their public reached his bedside in time. The pain in baths; he constructed one a t his own ex- the last days was like the exquisite pense and placed it at the disposal of the throbbing of violins, stabbing the heart with friends. He assisted in the establishment of their terrible hut ecstatic beauty. Then his two Baha'i schools at Hamadan and con. long patience was rewarded. With his sheaf tributed largely towards the purchase of a of VERY GREAT THINGS in his hands he site for the Baha'i center. He lived the life went forth t o meet his Beloved. Crowning and brought numerous souls into the Faith. his life was the Guardian's cablegram: The first Jewish converts to the Bahl'i "l'rofoundly deplore tremendous loss out- Faith at Kirminhlh were due to his efforts. standing promoter Faith. Evidences his Although his house was burnt, his prop- magnificent labors imperishable. Deepest erty pillaged, his son killed, he never swerved sympathy. Ardent prayers. from the true course of action he had marked Shoghi Effendi." for himself, loving even those who had wrought such atrocities on him and, in sev- eral instances, setting them again on their feet when they were in straitened circum- stances and bringing them into the Cause Born in the Jewish fold in the very year through this means. I t was on the occasion which witnessed the birth of the Cause, of his visit to the Capital in connection THE BAHA'f WORLD Mirzh A. Hifi~u'g-Sihhih with this particular outrage that the Cen- Talhot, who gave him the Bahi'i Message. tral Government offered him as amends the From that moment, Mathew's real life be- title of "Hifi.qu'q-Si*h" (i.e., Superin- gan. The heroic age of the B6b and the tendent of Public Health) and a post in martyrs absorbed his mind and The Dawn- che,@oreign Ministry but he felt that his Breakers became his constant companion. work lay at Hamadln and obtained per- He never spoke of his childhood or youth mission to return to, that city. or of anything prior to his contact with the Not even old age and failing health could Revelation. He was utterly without per- keep him idle and he continued serving sonal ambition. He worked at anything that right till the end. would allow him time t o study the Bah6'i He attained t o the presence of 'Abdu'l- writing. A t one time, he motored to Wash- Bahh at Haifa after His return from ington with a friend, and Mrs. Preston (then America and the Tablets revealed in his Miss V a ~ l ) ,who offered him a room in her honor both by the Blessed Beauty and the house. He went to work in a restaurant, Master attest t o his high station and his happy and content t o be under the roof of devotion and fidelity t o the Cause. a Bah6"i. When Shoghi Effendi's Adverrt of Diuke Jestice was published in February, 1939, MATJ3EW KASZAB it contained words that lighted a flame in Pioneer Sahd'i Teacher in Nicaragziu his heart: BY LOULIEMATHEWS "Let some, at this very moment, gird up the loins of endeavor, flee their native towns, While Mathew was a student a t the Uni- cities and states, forsake their country, and, versity of New York, he met Mrs. Louise putting their whole trust in God, as the best IN MEMORIAM Mathew Kaszab provision for their journey, set their faces happy. The rising generation will be stimu- and direct their steps towards distant climes, ldted and inspired by the example you and those virgin fields, those unsurrendered cities, your fellow-workers are setting. May the and bend their energies to capture the cita- Beloved achieve your heart's dearest wish. dels of men's hearts." (page 52? Persevere and rest assured. These dynamic utterances carried Mathew Your true and g a t e i d brother, away, and without delay he set out for Shoghi." Panama. I was, at this time, Chairman of the Inter-America Committee, and was While in Panama, Mathew wrote articles obliged to write Mathew that the post of for all the leading journals: The Panama- Panama had been already assigned t o two American, The Star and Ilerald, and The pioneers, Louise Caswell and Cora Oliver, Tribune. He gave Baha'i talks on the radio who would arrive in about six months' time. and brought into the Faith our first Pana- I sensed hi immense disappointment a t manian believer. the news-contained in the letter, but like We wanted him t o take a cabin steamer the good soldier of Bahh'u'lllh that he was, on his journey t o Nicaragua but he wrote he accepted our suggestion that he go to that this was an Unnecessary expense. He Nicaragua. We knew he had some family embarked on a small cattle ship, The Ala- connections there and we hoped this would juela. He wrote of this journey that he lay make it easier for him. an the floor of the deck at night looking up After his acceptance of the new post, he at the sky and reviewing i11 his mind the was made radiantly happy by a letter from stormy journey of the B6b and Quddhs, the Guardian, Shoghi Effendi, who wrote in during which they continued writing and his own hand: praying as though in the atmosphere of com- "Dear and precious co-worker: X have plete calm. just heard of your transfer t o Nicaragua and From the very beginning, everything in hasten to assure you of my special and lov- this sick land was a disappointment. The ing prayers wherever you may labor and property that had belonged t o Mathew's whatever circumstances under which you grandmother had been sold and he was not serve. You should feel proud, grateful and able to secure any redress. He went t o work 616 THE B A H A. ' f WORLD in the gold mines of Blue Fields. He de- viewed the proprietor of the small hotel scribed the deplorable conditions of poverty where Mathew died. and vice and was so appalled by the igno- On his arrival, Mathew went m the rance of the miners' children, that he took Brownsville hospital, but he did not remain a night shift and taught school in the day there; though his left side was completely time. When I remonstrated with him be- paralyzed, he rented a small room in a mod- cause he was giving himself no time for est hotel. He locked himself in and went sleep, he replied that his time was so short to bed. As no sound camc from his room he could not afford to sleep! All his efforts after repeated knocking, the manager ,had at betterment in Blue Fields having failed, the room broken into at the beginning of he returned to Managua. Suddenly, while the fourth day of Mathew's silence. He was walking on the street, he was arrested. The unconscious, though still breathing, and died reason given was that be uttered words in before a doctor could reach him. He was criticism of the Nicaraguan government. buried in the city graveyard of Brownsville. This may have been the reason or not,-the On his tombstone are engraved the words cause is very obscure. He remained in prison cabled by our Guardian Shoghi Effendi from March 1st to 23rd. As suddenly as when he received the news of Mathew's he was interned, he was liberated. He de- death: termined to leave Nicaragua, sensing danger, "His services are unforgettable." and began to make preparations for his de- His short life, filled with suffering and parture. When they were complete, he came pain, was offered to Bahi'u'llih. Down all to say goodbye t o our first native believer, the ages, he will be remembered and remain who was teaching school nearby. He was a beacon light to the Baha'i world. His loved by the children of the school, who example will tiecome a spur to achievement. gathered around h i and sang their songs Where he labored and lost, a bright victory for him. The group of students that had will follow. The high standard of purity studied with Mathew came to say podbye and faith set by his life will not die with and wish him Godspeed, they would have him but live on forever. accompanied him to the airport but, as it was far from the town, Mathew would not MABEL RICE-WRAY IVES let them. T h e n he reached the airport, an officer stepped forward and presented a war- rant for his arrest. The day was September "As my Lord wills," she said frequently 28th of 1942. I t was some time before his during her last illness. Indeed this thought friends learned the sad news. On November had been the undercurrent of her life and first Mathew was attacked by an illness the continued so to the end. nature of which was never learned, his con- Mabel Rice-Wray Ives, known to many dition was so grave that he was moved from of her friends as "Rizwanea," was born in the dungeon to the Guard's hospital. His 1878 in St. Louis, Mo. She was the daughter friends were allowed t o visit the hospital but of Caroline h.lcGrew Simon and Albert G. he did not recognize any one. A t that time Simon. Her grandfather's were death seemed imminent but his strength froin Germany while her mother's parents slowly returned and he was sent back to the came from Virginia and were of English prison. On December 28 the authorities an- extraction. She was always a very vital nounced that he was free, but must leave and active person, loving outdoor sports, the country. Silently and alone, he took a especially tennis, horseback riding and swim- plane to Mexico City and there reembarked ming. She grew up to be a very beautiful, for Brownsville, Texas, where he died Janu- charming and sought after young woman. ary I.?th, 1943. At the age of 21 she heard of the Bah6'i I t is due t o Mrs. Louise Caswell that we Message from Mrs. Doty of Baltimore, Md., know the details of his death. She visited and not many months later became a Bahb'i. Brownsville in the summer of 1943 and Mother often related that from the time placed flowers on Matbew's grave and inter- she was a young girl, she had an intense IN MEMORIAM Mabel Rice-Wray Ives desire to find truth. She investigated every Rice-Wray's beauty and radiance, but par- avenue which gave the least promise of ticularly her spiritual capacity, so unusual being able to fulfill her intense desire to in such a new believer and especially in one know until she found the Bahi'i Faith. so young. In those days they knew nothing of the From 1909 to 1914, we livcd in the vi- details of the World Order of BahB'n'llBh. cinity of Los Angdes. Though her Faith They had no books, only a few tablets from was very vital and absorbing, she still had 'Abdu'l-Bahi. She was asked one day how time to be active in various wonleu's organi- it was poss~bleto accept this Faizh. She re- zations, particularly those she felt would plied, "I only knew that a Manifestation of further the cause of women or of children God had again walked the earth and that or of World Peace. was enough." During these years in California her ac- In 1903 she married Theron Canfield tivity in teaching the Bahi'i Faith gradually Rice-Wray. They established their home increased. There were frequent meetings and in Newark, N. J., and during the first four study classes at our home in Tropico. She years, became the parents of three children: and Mrs. Kathryn Frankland became close Edris Roushan, Landon Carter (who died in friends at that time and worked together infancy) and Rouhi Colston. During this in teaching the Cause. Mrs. Frankland says period they were frequently hosts to many that a local Spiritual Assembly was formed of the early believers such as the Haneys, there in Tropico, Cal., now a part of Glen- 'Ali Kuli Khin, Harlan Ober, Haoper dale. Harris, and others. Mrs. Mariam Haney writes of her at this Mrs. Haney remembers that she and Mrs. time: "Through the throes of tests and Brittingham frequently spoke of Mabel trials she was proving how welt fortified THE B A H A' f WORLD she was spiritually. Life in this worid was experience." One of the last things Howard, not easy, but as the tree of her existence her husband, said to her before he lcft this was well rooted in the revealed Word, she world was this, "Darling, we'll be together was ever faithful, though the whirlwinds through all the worlds of God." And they . of tests were many and tragic. . . There both knew that this was the truth. was a mark upon her; there was a distinc- From the time of her marriage with tion about her. There was that spiritual Howard Ivcs, her effectiveness as a teacher pull she said she always felt." increased amazingly. Together they accom- In that memorable year of 1912, whet1 plished wonders. She excelled in attracting 'Ahdu'l-Bahi came to America, mother looked the public and giving lectures, he at deepeu- forward with great longing to the time ing and confirming those attracted. when He would visit Los Angeles and she During the first year of their marriage would at last see Him face t o face. When they lived in h'ew York City near Grace she heard the electrifying ne s that He had and Harlan Oher. These four were closely indeed arrived, we were in the mrdst of mov- associated in business and in the teaching ing into a new housc. She dropped every- work, and there grew up between them a thing t o the consternation of the movers and love and affection which continued the rest of my grandmother. She managed somehow of their lives. This was an example of the to get herself and her children dressed. We bond which unites Bahi'is, a bond which were then six and eight years old. We ar- is not like any other relatianship, because it rived at the hotel just as He and a group is founded upon eternal values. Many times of the believers entered the lobby and we in the years t o follow, the Obers or the rode up with Him in the elevator to His Ives would travel long distances to help one room, where we spent an hour or more, another establish a group in virgin territory. along with 1 2 or 14 others. We children At this time they also saw a great deal did not fully appreciate the importance of of Juliet Thompson and the Kinneys, as this meeting at the time; to us He was as well as May Maxwell, who was in New York a kind grandfather, but to our mother it a good part of this first year. There was a was a moment of rededication, a moment strong bond of love and understanding be- of increased awakening. She became in- tween Mabel Ives and May Maxwell, which flamed with the deepest longing to serve this was augmented by their many contacts in Cause, of which He was the authorized In- the Cause throughout the years. After terpreter and Exemplar. Motl~er's passing, Ruhiyyih Khanurn wrote, Bur next home was in Detroit, hfich., "Mabel seems to me to he my own mother's where we moved in 1914. Here her teach- (May Maxwell's) twin sister. Something in ing activities continued and soon a group them is just exactly the same stuff. Pure, was formed. Through a host of personal courageous, wonderful stuff! They know difficulties at this time, she learned completethe spiritual laws which we all do so des- renunciation. Of this period, she said, "I perately need t o know." turned t o God, saying that I wanted nothing One day in 1921, the Ives' made a mo- but His will-that I asked no personal mentous decision. In Mother's words, "Our happiness, nothing but one thing-to be plan had been to earn a lot of money rap- permitted to serve His Cause. Whatever idly--enough t o make us independent so was His Will was also mine." we could give the rest of our lives to spread- ing the Cause. This proved to he a chimera, Her second marriage, to Howard Colby and our dream of traveling and teaching Ives, was a very rare and beautiful spiritual was no nearer fulfillment. Then one day union. She said, in speaking of her marriage, we realized that we might go on the rest "There is no greater thrill than for two of our lives trying to establish security so souls to grow spiritually together, t o ex- that we might go out in the teaching field, plore the spiritual universe together, to learn but never do anything but simply work and spiritual lessoils together. T o share all this dream of this future. So we decided that, with one you love is a most marvelous because it was zstterly itn@ssZble and couldn't he done, as we had no money, we just can't take it any longer!" He replied, would now go out and teach. "Bah6'u'lliih said, 'The only escape is i n "So began our long Odyssey. We adver- submission.' " So she went off by herself tised for some selling proposition for two and started to submit. In her words, "I was salesmen who wished to travel, received 21 very much in earnest and I repeated, 'I sub- answers, chose one, and felt ready to go. We mit, 1 submit, I submit,' and kept on saying sold or gave away all our earthly possessions, it until at last I began t o feel it. I sub- reduced all our earthly goods to a trunk or mitted with everything that was in me, two an&a couple of suitcases. When we had nntil I finally had the feeling that my whole bought our train ticket to Pittsburgh, we being was fluid. All the feeling in my being had just $7.00 between us." was gone. There was a sense of fluidity, of From this time on, they never stopped. openness. I felt in utter amazement that At first they earned their living by making I really had submitted and I began to feel show-cards on a little machine. They were pretty good that I really had done it, and printed in different styles and colors and then a voice deep, deep down inside of me had appeal to the average store. Later they said, 'Oh yes, hut you haven't gone far sold an adult education course which in- enough. There is another step.' I exclaimed, cluded the hooks. Think of the difliculties 'But what Inore can I do? I have submitted.' which beset these two precious souls, both And then the voice said, 'But you must he of them past middle life; Howard, who was thanlrful.' And I said, 'Be thankful? I can trained for the ministry, and Mabel who submit to the thing and I will, but how can had been brought up in the South to be a I he thankful about it?' lady. Neither of them knew anything about "I started being thankful and I thanked business, nor were they equipped to earn God, expressed thanks for each phase of the their living in this manner. They worked rather large situation and, at first, it was hard calling on prospective customers all just words and then pretty soon I began to day and then spent their evenings holding feel it more and more, nntil at last I really Bahd'i lectures, classes, fireside groups. meant it, for everything .that was happen- Their housework and all the rest was sand- ing, and this little voice began tallsing again wiched in between. Mother once wrote us and said, 'But you haven't gone far enough.' that they were having such interesting ex- I said, 'Another step?' 'Yes, you must love.' periences and that she hoped God would I thought, 'I can submit and he thankful hut help them learn the lessons that they were how can 1 really love it?' I said, 'All right, supposed t o learn from them. One of these X am going to love it.' " A couple of days olarships for free-ships ai the attended the Brahmo Sarnaj Centenary at Tarbiyat School, Mr. Vakil communicated Calcutta with his wife and daughter. North the appeal t o everybody and secured some and South, East and West, he has toured donations from Indian Bahf is, himself India throughour. its length and breadth sharing one scholarship with a dear colleague. proclaiming YI-Bahh'u'l-Ahhi. As late as Mr. Vakil had a heart full of love-love 1940, he trayelled x i t h his wife and for each and all. But he also had a head. daughters in support of the six year Plan A perusal of hi letters shows that he had of Teaching. thought out many of the plans which have He had made it a practice to donate a come automatically into being during the fixed proportion of his income to the BahYi last six years. There are some of his sug- Funds. Whenever there was an appeal for gestions that still await the sympathetic funds, his was among the first donations consideration of his colleagues and suc- received. On all the 9 holy days he sent cessors. Perhaps they would be taben up at something to the Funds. If, for any reason some future date. --e.g. the war-he could not remit his do- (Signed) S. H. Koreshi. nations, he considered it a debt payable, of June 9, 1944. which he kept a regular account. He would - never allow any- direct approach to indi- ALMA KNOBLOCH viduals for funds, saying, everyone is pay- BY ROSASCHVAKTZ ing all that is possible for evevone. If we ask for more, and he is unable to pay, we Alma Knobloch, daughter of Karl and shall cause him shame. If he pays under Amelia Knobloch, sister of Pauline Knobloch personal pressure, we shall be the cause of and Fanny Knobloch, passed into the Abha inconvenience or hardship. Kingdom on December 22, 1943, at the age Mr. Vakil sponsored every charitable of eighty. She had been associated with cause. When the America Persian Society the Cause since 1903 and had expended her 642 THE B A H A ' ~W O R L D utmost efforts to teach the Cause of God in working knowledge of English offered tlieir Germany, as well as in America. services. The way was not always easy, and At the request of 'Abdu'l-Bahl, Alma was Alma, in her fine, soft voice and well-brcd delegated to take the Glad-Tidings of the ad- manner, fought many a mental battle with vent of Bahb'u'llih to the soul of the German the intelligentsia who had -becomeinterested. people. The following are some of the words One could see the Bahb'i spirit at work in of 'Abdu'l-Bah6 concerning the undertaking. her, when some learned gentleman discussed "Thou hast written about Dr. Fisher, in not always a gentle way, the different that praise be to God, thou hast found a aspects of our Faith. Never once did Alma helper for him and ere long she will start lose patience, and ncver once did she falter for Germany. Truly I say, the beloved in her answers. The foundation of brother- maid-servant of God, Miss Alma Knobloch, hood ,was firmly cemented through praycr is very much acceptable for this service-- and combined effort. thou hast done well to choose her. She is Concerts and assemblies, held in public accepted by all means, but regarding her halls, brought this new Faith to the atten- stay in Germany, she must stay as long as tion of the general public, and always the possible. Forward. to this land a copy of highlight of the evening was the speaker every tablet translated into the German who introduced the Bahl'i Cause to an ever language. I hope that the endeavors and widening circle of souls. exertions of these two sisters, may display Alma was in Germany before 'Abdn'l- all-encircling effects." Baha visited there, so the friends knew what Signed: 'Abdu'l-Bahb-'Abbbs. a rare and wonderful privilege was accorded them, and also they became aware of the She left in July, 1907, for Germany. station of Alma. Her unceasing love and pa- At first the message was spread by word tience, kindness and unselfishness, gave ever of mouth only. When Alma went to Stutt- new evidence of the Spirit of Bah8'u'lllh. gart, the homes of those interested were m e n war was declared in 1914, Alma gladly thrown open to her and her won- joined in the sufferings of her German derful news. The afternoon and evening brothers and sisters, descended into the gatherings were tremendous events in the damp cellars with them, hungered and froze lives of the friends, and, indeed, many a with them, renounced her American citinen- life was literally rocked as the Message of ship (which she later resumed), in order Bahl'bll6h changed the direction and the t o be free t o travel in the service of our purpose of that life; and through that beloved Master; and indeed, the need for change came an acceleration of life and the spiritual food was great at that time. Many blessings of inner peace. Not a little part in evenings at the fireside meetings, the spir- this was the love and devotion with which itual food was the only kind of food the Alma worked incessantly, always effacing friends had that day. Rut her emphatic, her own strong personality and accenting yet gentle, way of speaking and the tre- the Spirir of Bah6'n'lUh. mendous power of the prayers, gave sus- Soon many young people in Stuttgart, tenance to their areak and hungry bodies. Leipzig, Hamburg, and other cities, visited Before Alma returned to America, she hy Alma, arose and formed informal fireside visited Austria, Switzerland, London, and groups, studied earnestly a11 material that Paris. The groups in the different cities was available, and many entered into cor- continued to flourish, and a steady corre- respondence with the Holy Family. The spondence was carried on between Alma and Bah6'i Faith took root in the hearts of these her spiritual children. Some of the German religiously educated souls, and through the believers received Tablets from 'Abdu'l- effort and constant study Local Spiritual Bahl and Shoghi Effendi, and these were all Assemblies were formed in Stnttgart, Esslin- shared with the other believers. gen, Zuffenhauscn, Leipzig, and Gera. The blessings of Bah6'u'llbh were in evi- The translation of new passages was dence; children's groups or gardens, as they awaited with avid interest and all with a were called, were formed. Near Esslingen a I N MEMORIAM I'hilip Effendi Naimi Bahb'i summer house was built, and friends l"HIL1P EFFENDI NAIMI from near and far came there to meet with In Cairq in 1913, Philip Effendi Nailni other believers. A great day it was when at the age of fifteen embraced the Babh'i the model of the Temple, that we see so Faith. From then until his death on Jan. gloriously in Wilmette now, was first shown 8th, 1942, he remained a devoted and firm at one of the gatherings. believer and rendered the Cause in Egypt When the new regime came to power in many services. He was largely responsible Germany, the Baha'i faith was banned, the for the establishment of the first Bahh'i books confiscated, the Bahi'i house abau- Burial Ground in that country, negotiating doned, the Spiritual Assemblies disbanded; with the Government authorities for its but there remained that nucleus of faith allotment to the Baha'i Community. which will never die, and when this conflict Both in Port Sa'id and Ismailia he was is finally ended, the Bahh'is of Germany will exposed to grave danger through the attacks rise anew, purified in fire, and work for the of cxcited and fanatical mobs on the Bahh'is New Day, for the establishment of all that on the occasion of the deaths of various Bah6'u'llAh proclaimed. believers who were refused burial in Muslim The loving memory of our dear Alma cemeteries. H e was at all times a courageous Knobloch will ever linger in the hearts of defender of the Cause of Bahb'u'lllh, cham- the German believers; and their children and pioning its teaclungs and rights before friend children's children will remember her un- and enemy alike. selfish service in the Faith of Bahb'n'lllh. After a serious operation, from the effects THE BAHA'f WORLD Muhammad Effendi Mussa of which he died, he gathered his nephews hammad Effendi Mussa was privileged by re- about him and addressed them as follows: ceiving the blessing of 'Abdu'l-Bahh in Port "I had great hopes of you but I am going Sa'id. Since he embraced the cause he dis- away shortly! Know of a certainty that tinguished himself by historic activities, there is nothing in this life worth mention particularly teaching. Brave and valiant he except serving the Cause. My earnest hope was never frightened nor discouraged by is that you will grow up and prepare your- the threatening forces of opposition. selves for serving Baha'u'llih devotedly in a In 1920 the fire of animosity was reen- degree even greater than your parents did." kindled; he was pelted with stones, beaten The Hospital authorities summoned a and wounded; and according to the advice priest to perform the last rites, but Philip of the Beloved Master he emigrated to Cairo Effend~Naimi, courageous and devoted to where he settled for some years. the last, turned to him and said: "I am a Ilis last visit t o the Holy Shrines in 1927 Baha'i and I am no longer in need of your nourished his spirit with still more zeal and services." energy. Firm in his belief he never ceased to utter MUHAMMAD EFFENDI MUSSA the Greatest Name during the period of his The passing of the late Muhammad Ef- illness. fendi Mussa of Port Sa'id on August 23rd, On spreading the news of his passing away 1939, at the age of 77 years was accom- a big disturbance took place whereupon the panied by a big disturbance which marked masscs attempted to set fire t o his honse and a glorious termination of a life which was to burn the body which action the authorities once rich with services to the Cause. could but hardly prevent. Finally, and dur- He was one of those few early believers ing the night the body was secretly conveyed in Egypt who accepted the Cause in 1910. by the authorities to Ferdan, 40 miles distant During the journey of the Beloved Master from Port Sa'id, where it was buried. t o Europe and America in 1911-1912 Mu- May his soul abide in eternal peace! IN MEMORIAM IN MEMORIAM APRIL 1940 T O APRIL 1944 Dr. Jeanette Matilsky, Portland, Ore. Mrs. Katie A. Ellinger Nye, Topeka, Kans. Mrs. May Ruth Graham, Circleville, Ohio. Mrs. Irma Johnson, Montclair, N. J. Mrs. Mabel Hune, Cmcinnati, Ohio. Mrs. Peter Eclrert, Milwaukee, Wis. Mr. Joseph Henry Inglesby, New Yorli, Mrs. Margaret Mills Sprague, New York, N. Y. -.. Y N. - .. Dr. Alfredo Warsaw, Washington, D. C. Mrs. Rowena Cotton, Sacramento, Calif. Miss Ethelbert E. Jackson, Geneva, N. Y. Mr. DeWitt Wickham, Pentwater, Mich. Mr. Fred J. Woodward, Washington, D. C. Mrs. Katherine Fishback, Chicago, Ill. Mrs. Zoreh Lathrop, Seattle, Wash. Mrs. Mary E. Lane, Baltimore, Md. Mrs. Caroline Lehman, West Gravenhurst, Miss Augusta Bachmann, Baitimore, Md. Can. Miss Alma Albertson, Greenville, Mich. Mrs. Rosa B. Espey, Chicago, 111. Mr. Charles Bonner, Peoria, 111. Mr. D. C. Wicltham, Pentwater, h4ich. Mrs. Emily Keeler, Lowell, Arizona. Mr. Jno. A Koberson, St. Augustine, Fla. Dr. Nathan W. Collier, St. Augustine, Fla. Mrs. Helene Bagg Ma&eld, Muskegon, Mich. Mrs. Anna Ketterer Foster, Chicago, Ill. Mr. Louis Feltz, Milwaukee, Wis. Mrs. Emma Lundberg, Chicago, 111. Miss Sarah R. Windust, Chicago, Ill. Mrs. Belk L'Amourex, Binghamton, N. Y. Mrs. Rosamond Baxter, Dunedin, Fla. Mrs. Harriet Gibbs Marshall, Washington, Mr. James Brittingham, New York, N. Y. D. C. Mr. Thomas Macmechan, Brooklyn, N. Y. Mr. Andrew Bowhill, Portland, Ore. Miss Amalie Tyler, Brooklyn, N. Y. Mr. John Sherman, Milwaukee, Wis. Mrs. Adelia Bartlett, Racine, Wis. Mrs. Ada Lammersen, Chicago, Ill. Mrs. Lida Harvey, Peoria, Ill. Mr. Henry R. Hagermann, Miami Beach, Mrs. Louise Leavett, Detroit, Mich. Fla. Mrs. V. E. Shelford, Urbana, Ill. Mr. John W. Shirk, Denver, Cola. Mr. Robert Harrison Weeks, Wadcegan, 111. Miss Gertrude E. Parvene Bohanan, Mr. Clarence Yount, Huntington Park, Ill. Kenosha, Wis. Mr. Otho Wright, Huntington Park, 111. Mrs. Bertha West, Clearlake Highlands, Mr. George Kuhlman, San Francisco, Calif. Calif. Mrs. Doris Leete, Lima, Ohio. Miss Selma Paulson, Chicago, Ill. Mr. Frederick R. Swift, Flushing, N. Y. Dr. John F. King, Chicago, Ill. hks. E. Ledwell, Chicago, Ill. Mr. Howard Colby Ives, Little Rock, Ark. Dr. Walter B. Guy, St. Augustine, Fla. Mrs. Sylvia Bishop, San Francisco, Calif. Mrs. Elizabeth Schwab, New York, N. Y. Mrs. Jeanette Hiatt Nash, Portland, Ore. Miss Elizabeth Muther, Honolulu, H. I. Mrs. Hasan Abas, St. Paul, Minn. Mr. LeRoy Rainboth, Richmond Highlands, Mrs. Lida S. Marryott, Jacksonville, Fla. Wash. Mrs. J. M. Eaves, Indianapolis, Ind Mr. Adolph Chapman, Racine, Wis. Mrs. Elizabeth Greenleaf, Eliot, Maine. Mrs. Effie M. Snyder, Seattle, Wash. Mrs. Ida Mae Gillis, Chicago, 111. Mrs. Aura G. Gordon, Tucson, Ariz. Mrs. Millie hfoorman, Muskegon. Mich. Mrs. Ella Beemer, Kenosha, Wis. Mrs. Charles Redeen, Millbrae, Calif. Mrs. Ella Bennett, Wauwatosa. Mrs. Martha Macbean, Montreal, Canada. Mr. William Laurie, Halifax. Mr. M. L. Mereness, Helena, Mont. Mr. Roscoe Lamb, LaCanada, Calif. Mr. Henry Jersey, Lansing, Mich. Mrs. Elizabeth Farnier, Monroe, Wash. Mr. Will Graham, Circleville, Ohio. Mrs. Annie Bartholomew, Wilmette, Ill. Mr. Rowland M. Knight, Santa Rosa, Calif. Mrs. S. Shuey, Oakland, Calif. (1940) Mr. Rowland Howard, Santa Monica, Calif. Mr. Harry Raver, Los Angeles, Calif. 646 THE BAHA'f WORLD Mrs. Mary D. O'Shca, Pebble Beach, Calif. Mr. Hildore Jellsett, Seattle, Wash. Mr. George L. Tarot, San Francisco, Calif. Mrs. Harriet Cline, Verdugo City, Calif. Mr. Amos Hostetler, Lima, Ohio. Mr. Albert E. Lewis, Los Angeles, Calif. hlr. Ali Mazloom, Chicago, Ill, Mrs. George L. Loeding, Chicago, Ill. Mrs. William F. Slater, Chicago, Ill. Mrs. Mary A. Hoyt, Denver, Colo. Mr. Edward H. Luberger, hifilwaukee, Wis. Mr. Rudolph Steinmetz, Minneapolis, Minn. Mrs. Anna Peterson, Kenosha, Wis. Mr. Oscar 0. Winter, Minneapolis, Minn. Mr. Elmer E. Miller, Atascadero, Calif. Mrs. Faith Amberg, Baltimore, Md. Mr. Frank Osborne, New York, N. Y. Mrs. Coralie Franklin Cook, Washington, Mirs Emma Claus, Springfield, 111. D. C. Mrs. Louise Talbott, Freeport, N. Y. Mr. Richard Barnitz, Washington, D. C. Mrs. Bessie hlcCauley, Danville, Ill. Mrs. Stella C. Dewart, St. Alhans, Vt. Mrs. Elizabeth K. Peters, Los Angeies, Calif. Dr. Florence McShane, Altadena, Calif. Mrs. Clark Gable, Los Angeles, Calif. Mrs. Elizabeth F. King, Indianapolis, Ind. Mrs. George Osrburg, West Quincy, Mass. Mr. Oscar Charles Garrett, Chicago, 111. Mrs. Ida Watson. Chicago, 111. Mrs. Flora F. Lybrand, Washington, D. C. Mr. Benjamin Taylor, Cincinnati, Ohio. Mrs. J. hlackett, Milwaukee, Wis, Mr. Robert L. Gulick, Greenville, S. C, Mrs. Anna Australia Jones, West Chestcr, Dr. Nathan W. Collier, St. Angustine, Fla. Pa. Mr. Albert C. Engelder, Cleveland, Ohio. Mr. Oscar M. Clark, Clearlake Highlands, Miss Alice N. Parker, Pittsburgh, Pa. Calif. Mr. James F. Morton, Paterson, N. J. Mrs. Alice Alexander, Upton, Mass. Mrs. Dorothy Engelder Graf, Philadelphia, Mrs. Ides Johnson, Mariposa, Calif. Pa. Mrs. Ida Finch, Seattle, Wash. Mrs. Louise Biggar Talbot, Freeport, L. I. Mrs. Irena Stevens, Topekd, Kans. Miss Hilda Gilbert, of Australia. Mrs. Blanche A. Ledyard, Los Angeles, Calif. Mrs. Elizabeth K. Peters, Los Angeles, Calif. Mrs. Edgar haeyer, Arvada, Colo. Mr. Thurston Vaughn, New York, N. Y. Miss Marie Du Bedat, New York, N. Y. Miss Charlotte E. Bingham, New York, Mr. Carl Rasmussen, Racine, Vis. N. Y. Mrs. Alice W. Alexander, Upton, Mass. Mr. A. W. Randall, Vista, Calif. Mrs. Eliza Lewis, Boston, Mass. Mr. Will Stewart, Topeka, Kans. Mr. Mathew Kaszab, Brownsville, Texas. Mrs. S. D. Montgomery, Santa Maria, Calif. Miss Esther Fostrr, New York, N. Y. Mrs. Revella Ackerman, Riverside, Calif. Mrs. Kate Morris, New York, N. Y. Miss Ethel Byler, San Antonio, Texas. Mrs. Mary lvfunson, Portland, Ore. Mrs. Alma Russell, Evanston, Ill. Mrs. Catherine Tweed, Portland, Ore. Mr. Johannes Anderson, Chicago, Ill. Mrs. Elizabeth Sntherland, River Forest, Ill. Mr. Herman Huber, Chicago, Ill. Mrs. Joseph Clevenger, New York, N. Y. Mrs. Louis Keller, Lake Harbor, Mich. Mr. Hector Stevens, Topeka, Kans. Mr. William J. Burnett, Glendale, Ariz. Mrs. Nicholas Marangella, Haworth, N. J. Mr. Richard Marshall, San Francisco, Calif. Dr. B. C. Smith, Atascadero, Calif. Mr. George Drum, Washington, D. C. Miss Gwendolyn McReynolds, Colorado Mrs. Idella Shirkey, Vista, Calif. Springs, Celo. Mrs. Frieda Kalfus, Los Angeles, Calif. Mrs. Carrie McGriff, Lima, Ohio. Mrs. Samuel Rodman, Batavia, N. Y. Mrs. Muriel McComb, Glrnwwd Landing, Miss Gertrude Buikerna, Chicago, Ill. N. Y. Mrs. Alvina Ayres, Celena, Ohio. Mrs. Lillian McClellan, Cleveland, Ohio. Mr. Emil De Litz, Racine, Wis. Mrs. Emma L. Hinman, New Haven, Conn. Mr. Ferdinand Peterson, Racine, Wis. Mrs. Lela D. Kos, Chicago, Ill. Mr. Howard Russell Hurlbut, Fort Sam Mr. Louis Farrell, Sherbrooke, Quebec. Houston, Texas. Miss Jean Anthony, New York, N. Y. Mrs. Lillian Viehstadt, East Cleveland, Ohio. Mrs. Lucy B. Price, Circleville, Ohio. Mr. Harry Mory, Manitowoc, Wis. klrs. Lillian James Price, Newark, N. J. I N ME? Mrs. Clark R. Thompson, South Gate, Calif. Mr. Peter Coyne, Chicago, Ill. Mrs. Agnes Kahlke, Benton H a r b r , Mich. Mr. Carlton Keeler, Ocean Grove, N. J. Mrs. Rebecca Dixon, Hillsboro, New Bruns- Mrs. Ilelen Lillywhire, Laramie, Wyo. wick, Canada. Mr. Irving Rothstein, New York, N. Y. Mrs. Gertrude Walker Crowley, Salem, Mrs. Shelley N. Parker, Chicago, Ill. Mich. Mrs. Ila Shetterly, Wilmington, Calif. Miss Florence A. Riedle, Chicago, IIL Miss Alma Knobloch, Cabin John, Md. Mrs. Lily Bow, Houston, Texas. Miss Henrietta C. Cosh, New Rochelle, Mrs. Lucille Bates, Minneapolis, Minn. N. Y. Mrs. Annie K. Lewis, New York, N. Y. Mr. Joseph Scanes, Toledo, Ohio. Mrs. Emma Idella Ralph, Portlaid, Ore. Mrs. Gertrude E. Zollinger, Toledo, Ohio. Mrs. Hattie Vaupel, Louisville, Ky. Mrs. Ella Federcell, Mani, T. H. Mrs. Margaret Elizabeth Schneider, Rich- Miss Elizabeth Slappy, St. Augustine, Fla. moi~dHighlands, Wash. Mrs. Gertrude H. Weeks, Portland, Maine. Miss Joanne Doris Svendsen, Madison, Wis. Mrs. Helen Lielnors, New York, N. Y. Mrs. Marie Selectman, Indianapolis, 111d. Mrs. Jennie Russell, Chicago, 111. Mr. William Jackson, Dayton, Ohio. Mr. Henry J. Ackermatl, Newark, N. J. Mr. W. J. Bean, San Francisco, Calif. Mrs. Maye Worthington, Fort Wayne, Ind. Mr. R. G. Jeffrey, Atascaciero, Calif. Miss Sarah A. Blocker, St. Augustine, Fla. Mrs. Josephine Hall Clark, Denver, Colo. Mrs. Clementina Goodrich, Milwaukee, Wis. Mrs. Mary Allen Smith, Newark, N. J. Miss Anna Krogius, Augusta, Ga. Mrs. Ida Jellsett, Richmond Highlands, Miss Helen Grand, Toronto, Can. Wash. Mrs. Lillian Bauer, Brooklyn, N. Y. Mrs. Effie Goldthrop, Helena, Mont. Mrs. Mary Frazer, Nunica, Mich. Mr. Sidney Spragne, Los Angeles, Calif. Mrs. Nettie Tobin, Chicago, Ill. Mr. J. W. Latimer, Portland, Ore. Mr. J. L. Gibson, Pacific Palisades, Calif. Mrs. Mary Revell, Philadelphia, Pa. Mr. Gustave Bagge, Cleveland, Ohio. Mr. Frederick Arthur Clapp, 1.0s Angeles, Mr. Raymond B. Gillespie, Chicago, Ill. Calif. Mrs. Nell B. Moister, San Antonio, Texas. Mr. Earl E. Carre, Mariposa, Calif. Mrs. Alice Broadhurst, Maui, T. H. Miss Katherine Bacchus, Colorado Springs, Miss Cora A. Watson, Cincinnati, Ohio. Colo. Mr. Albert Ammon, Haworth, N. J. Miss Mary Young, Syracuse, N. Y. Mrs. Annie Liufoot, Piedmont, Calif. Mrs. Leonora Obendorler, Brooklyn, N. Y. Mr. William F. Kyle, Los Angeles, Calif. Miss Nancy Brown Van Riper, Circleville, Mr. Alexander Mapp, Avon, Mass. Ohio. Mrs. Robert Sully, Bnffalo, N. Y. Mr. Henry Benning, Kenosha, Wis. Mrs. Gertrude Muffler, Sercna, Ill. Mr. Rudolph Heman, Cabin John, Md. Mr. B. M. Nance, San Bernardinq Calif. Mrs. Theresa Hill, Circleville, Ohio. Mrs. Belle Ware, Kirkland, Wash. Mrs. Isadore Chamberlain, Hackensack, Mrs. Frank J. Phelps, Catonsville, Md. N. J. Mrs. Anne B. Walker, Salem, Mass. Dr. Lillian K. Sielken, Indianapolis, Ind. Sr. Elias Calderon, San Jose, Costa Rica. Mrs. Alice Ward, Richmond Highlands, Mrs. Agnes Blodgett Rowe, Spokane, Wash. Wash. Mr. Frederick A. Clapp, Los Angeles, Calif. Mrs. Mary D. Haskell, Chicago, Ill. Mrs. Lucy B. Swindler, R. D. Magnolia, Ill.