Source: Bahá'í Library Online (bahai-library.com), curated by Jonah Winters. Used by permission of the curator. Original citation: Universal House of Justice, The Baha'i World: Volume 18 (1979-1983), bahai-library.com.
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The Bahá'í World:

Volume 18 (1979-1983)

[various authors]

Universal House of Justice, compiler
published in Bahá'í Worldvol. 18, 1015 pages

Haifa: Bahá'í World Center, 1986

1. PDF version, of image scans

Download: bahai_world_volume_18.pdf [32 MB].

2. Text version, not fully proofread or formatted

Download: uhj_bahai_world_18.txt.

3. HTML version, in progress

Frontispiece 1:
Picture with the caption: Upper chamber of the House of the Báb, Shíráz,
where He declared His Mission to Mullá Husayn in 1844 (photo courtesy of Mr. K. Mumtází).

Frontispiece 2:

Picture with the caption: The Seat of the Universal House of Justice.

Frontispiece 3:
[centered is the symbol of the Greatest Name]

© 1986 The Universal House of Justice - World Rights Reserved

NOTE: The spelling of the Oriental words and proper names used in this volume of The Bahá'í World
is according to the system of transliteration established at one of the International Oriental Congresses.

British Library Cataloguing in Publication
Data
The Bahá'í World: an international
record.
Vol. 18: 136-140 of the Bahá'í era, 1979-1983

1. Bahá'í Faith
I. Universal House of
Justice
297'.89 BP365

Printed in Great Britain at the University Press, Oxford, by David Stanford, Printer to the University

CONTENTS

Preface.................................................................................................... v

Introduction
AIMS AND PURPOSES OF THE BAHA'I FAITH, by David Hofman..................................................... 1

Part One
THE BAHA'I REVELATION

I. EXCERPTS FROM THE BAHA'I SACRED WRITINGS
1. Bahá'u'lláh........................................................................................ 9
2. The Báb........................................................................................... 15
3. 'Abdu'l-Bahá...................................................................................... 20

II. EXCERPTS FROM THE WRITINGS OF SHOGHI EFFENDI.......................................................... 32

Part Two
THE COMMEMORATION OF HISTORIC ANNIVERSARIES

I. THE FIFTIETH ANNIVERSARY OF THE PASSING OF BAHIYYIH KHANUM, THE GREATEST HOLY LEAF

1. Passages from the Writings of Bahá'u'lláh About the Greatest Holy Leaf................................. 41
2. Passages from the Writings of 'Abdu'l-Bahá About the Greatest Holy Leaf
and a Selection of His Letters to Her............................................................... 42
3. Passages from the Writings of Shoghi Effendi About the Greatest Holy
Leaf and Excerpts from His Letters About Her........................................................ 44
4. A Selection of the Letters of the Greatest Holy Leaf................................................... 47
5. A Tribute to the Greatest Holy Leaf, by Amatu'l-Bahá Rúhíyyih Khánum................................... 50
6. The Commemoration at the World Centre of the Fiftieth Anniversary of the
Passing of the Greatest Holy Leaf................................................................... 53
7. Some References to the Greatest Holy Leaf Found in Works Published in English.......................... 55
8. Some Works Published to Commemorate the Fiftieth Anniversary of the
Passing of the Greatest Holy Leaf................................................................... 57
9. The Greatest Holy Leaf: A Reminiscence, by 'Alí Nakhjavání............................................. 59
10. The Life and Service of the Greatest Holy Leaf, by Bahíyyih Nakhjavání................................. 68

Part Three
INTERNATIONAL SURVEY OF CURRENT BAHA'I ACTIVITIES 1979-1983

I. THE HOUSE OF ABDU'LLAH PASHA............................................................................ 77

II. THE SEVEN YEAR INTERNATIONAL TEACHING PLAN 1979-1986
1. The Launching of the Seven Year Plan............................................................... 81
2. The Seven Year International Teaching Plan 1979-1986: Progress to Ridván 1983...................... 86
A. The World Centre............................................................................ 86
B. World-wide Objectives...................................................................... 103
3. Expansion and Consolidation of the Bahá'í Faith--Information Statistical and Comparative......... 134
A. Africa..................................................................................... 134
B. The Americas............................................................................... 135
C. Asia....................................................................................... 135
D. Australasia and the Pacific Islands........................................................ 136
E. Europe..................................................................................... 136

III. FIVE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCES
1. Five International Conferences: A Pictorial Report............................................... 138
2. Messages of the Universal House of Justice to the Five International Conferences:
A. Dublin, Ireland 25-27 June 1982......................................................... 156
B. Quito, Ecuador 6-8 August 1982.......................................................... 157
C. Lagos, Nigeria 19-22 August 1982........................................................ 158
D. Canberra, Australia 2-5 September 1982.................................................. 159
E. Montreal, Canada 2-5 September 1982..................................................... 161

IV. INTERNATIONAL SURVEY OF CURRENT BAHA'I ACTIVITIES 1979-1983
1. Survey by Continents:
A. Africa.................................................................................. 163
B. The Americas............................................................................ 171
C. Asia.................................................................................... 178
D. Australasia and the Pacific Islands..................................................... 183
E. Europe.................................................................................. 187
2. The Association for Bahá'í Studies: 1979-1983, by Gerald Filson.................................. 194
3. The Establishment of the Bahá'í International Health Agency...................................... 201
4. Bahá'í Scholarship in Australia: 1979-1983....................................................... 202
5. Bahá'í Studies Seminars at the University of Lancaster: 1977-1980, by Peter Smith................ 204
6. The Development of Bahá'í Schools during the Seven Year Plan, by Barbara Barrett................. 207
7. Bahá'í Youth Academy of India.................................................................... 230
8. The Rabbani School at Gwalior, India, by Stephen H. Waite........................................ 233
9. Trail of Light, by Barbara Barrett............................................................... 239
10. The Centenary of the Founding of the Bahá'í Faith in India: 1880-1980............................ 246
11. The Persecution of the Bahá'í Community of Irán: 1979-1983, by Geoffrey Nash..................... 249
A. Survey of Events......................................................................... 251
B. Identity of the Persecutors, and Charges Levelled Against the Bahá'ís.................... 267
C. Pattern of Persecution................................................................... 271
D. Last Letters, Wills and Testaments....................................................... 284
E. Bahá'ís Killed in Irán, Ridván 1978-Ridván 1983.......................................... 290
F. A Representative Selection of Documents Illustrating the Persecution of
the Bahá'í Community of Irán: 1979-1983.................................................. 306
G. Bahá'í Children in Time of Persecution................................................... 331
H. Detailed Summary of Actions taken by the Bahá'í International Community, National and
Local Bahá'í Institutions, Governments, Non-Bahá'í Organizations and
Prominent People in Connection with the Persecution of the Bahá'ís of Irán............... 337
12. Letter from the Universal House of Justice to Iranian Bahá'ís Living Outside Irán................ 357
13. The Emergence of a Universal Moral Order and the Persecution of the
Iranian Bahá'í Community, by Will. C. van den Hoonaard........................................ 363
14. Persecution of the Bahá'í Faith in Irán: A Partial Bibliography of References
from Books and Pamphlets, Journals, Newspaper Articles, and Official
Documents in some European Languages, compiled by William P. Collins
with the assistance of Janet H. Beavers...................................................... 369
15. A Chronology of some of the Persecutions of the Bábís and Bahá'ís in Irán:
1844-1978, compiled by Dr. Moojan Momen................................................... 380

V. THE BAHA'I FAITH AND THE UNITED NATIONS
1. Summary of the years 1947-1979................................................................... 393
2. The Bahá'í International Community and the United Nations 1979-1983, by
Victor de Araujo.......................................................................... 396
Annex I............................................................................... 410
Annex II.............................................................................. 410
Annex III............................................................................. 412
3. Activities of the Bahá'í International Community Relating to the Persecution
of the Bahá'í Faith in Irán 1979-1983..................................................... 414

VI. RECOGNITION OF THE BAHA'I FAITH
1. Incorporation of National Spiritual Assemblies................................................... 426
2. Incorporation of Local Spiritual Assemblies...................................................... 429
3. A Selection of other Documents Recording Official Recognition of the Bahá'í Faith................ 437

Part Four
THE WORLD ORDER OF BAHA'U'LLAH

I. THE UNIVERSAL HOUSE OF JUSTICE
1. The Constitution of the Universal House of Justice................................................ 453
2. The Fifth International Convention for the Election of the Universal House of Justice............. 461
3. The Completion of Construction of the Building of the Seat for the Universal
House of Justice: A Pictorial Report........................................................ 465

II. THE HANDS OF THE CAUSE OF GOD
1. The Hands of the Cause of God and the Extension of their Functions into the Future:
A. The Rulers and the Learned.............................................................. 473
B. The Hands of the Cause of God........................................................... 474
C. The Continental Boards of Counsellors................................................... 475
D. The International Teaching Centre....................................................... 477
2. The Work and Travels of the Hands of the Cause 1979-1983.......................................... 481
3. Hands of the Cause who Represented the Universal House of Justice at Conventions
for the election of New National Spiritual Assemblies 1979-1983................................ 515
4. A Tribute to the Hands of the Cause, by Lilian 'Alá'í............................................. 516
5. The Hands of the Cause of God: An Appreciation, by Ray Hudson..................................... 521
6. The Development of the Institution of the Continental Boards of Counsellors
(adapted from the Hawaiian History Calendar)................................................ 528

III. THE NATIONAL SPIRITUAL ASSEMBLY
1. Introduction, by Horace Holley.................................................................... 536
2. A Model Declaration of Trust and By-Laws for a National Spiritual Assembly........................ 538
3. A Procedure for the Conduct of the Annual Bahá'í Convention....................................... 546
4. New National Spiritual Assemblies................................................................. 548

IV. THE LOCAL SPIRITUAL ASSEMBLY
1. The Institution and its Significance.............................................................. 554
2. By-Laws of a Local Spiritual Assembly............................................................. 564

V. THE INSTITUTION OF THE MASHRIQU'L-ADHKAR
1. Foreword, by Horace Holley........................................................................ 568
2. The Spiritual Significance of the Mashriqu'l-Adhkár............................................... 569
3. The Mother Temple of the Indian Sub-Continent, by F. Sahbá........................................ 571
4. The Lotus of Bahapur, by Sheriar Nooreyezdan...................................................... 574
5. The First Mashriqu'l-Adhkár of the Pacific Islands................................................ 585

VI. THE NON-POLITICAL CHARACTER OF THE BAHA'I FAITH
Excerpts from the Writings of Shoghi Effendi..................................................... 589

VII. RELATIONSHIP TO GOVERNMENT
1. Loyalty to Government............................................................................. 595
2. The Bahá'í View of Pacifism....................................................................... 596
3. Summary of the Guardian's Instructions on the Obligations of Bahá'ís in
Connection with Military Service............................................................ 596

VIII. BAHA'I CALENDAR, FESTIVALS AND DATES OF HISTORICAL SIGNIFICANCE
1. Foreword.......................................................................................... 598
2. Bahá'í Feasts, Anniversaries and Days of Fasting.................................................. 598
3. Bahá'í Holy Days on which Work should be Suspended................................................ 599
4. Additional Material gleaned from Nabíl's Narrative regarding the Bahá'í Calendar.................. 599
5. Historical Data gleaned from Nabíl's Narrative regarding Bahá'u'lláh.............................. 602
6. Dates of Historical Significance in the Rise of the Bahá'í Faith.................................. 606

Part Five
IN MEMORIAM

Abbas, Kamil (Kámil 'Abbás Ridá).............. 722 Korean, Suliana Halaholo............................ 793
Adlparvar, Hishmat............................ 775 Labib, Muhammad..................................... 751
Ahmadpúr, Fu'ád............................... 682 Leach, Bernard...................................... 669
'Alípúr, Guldánih Yúsifí...................... 811 Lith, Jacob Eduard (Bob) van........................ 817
Allen, John................................... 725 Lukmani, Dr. M. E. (Dr. M. E. Luqmání).............. 771
Altass, Florence Elizabeth.................... 788 Mahmúdí, Zhínús Ni'mat.............................. 781
Appa, Seewoosumbur Jeehoba.................... 754 Mavaddat, Nasrollah (Nasru'-lláh Maviddat).......... 791
Armstrong, Leonora............................ 733 Mesbah, Amine (Dr. Amín'u'-lláh Misbáh)............. 811
Balyuzi, Hasan M. (Hasan M. Balyúzí).......... 635 Mesbah, Jeanne (Jeanne Mis-báh)..................... 811
Baqá, Shídrukh Amír-Kíyá...................... 784 Missaghiyeh, Abdul-Missagh
Baker, Richard St. Barbe...................... 802 ('Abdu'l-Míthaq Míthaqíyyih).................... 779
Beard, Frances................................ 756 Mkhize, Bertha...................................... 773
Blake, Cecilia King........................... 723 Mobedzadeh, Shah Bahram (Sháh Bahrám Múbidzádih).... 731
Blakely, Dudley Moore......................... 809 Morais, Kenneth Allan............................... 762
Brechtefeld, Henry............................ 805 Muhájir, Dr. Rahmatu'lláh........................... 651
Chinniah, Imparaju............................ 711 Muhlschlegel, Dr. Adelbert.......................... 611
Cobb, Stanwood................................ 814 Mustafá, Muhammad................................... 768
Cookson, Alexe................................ 730 Nakhjavání, Jalál................................... 797
Dhacoo, Louis Pierre Henri.................... 728 Njang, Elizabeth Idang.............................. 819
Doktoroglu, Sami.............................. 683 Ober, Dr. Elizabeth Kidder.......................... 677
Edwards, Hermione Vera Keens-Douglas.......... 778 Olinga, Enoch....................................... 618
Eggleston, Helen.............................. 674 Outhey, Jeannette................................... 721
Eliás, Subhí.................................. 746 Pavón, Clementina Mejía de.......................... 671
Faizi, Abu'l-Qasim............................ 659 Pollinger, Franz.................................... 700
Falláh, Muhammad 'Alí (Afnán)................. 710 Raman, Appu......................................... 787
Farhangí, Masíh............................... 766 Raynor, Allan....................................... 696
Fizner, Sarah Florence........................ 727 Rhein, Ottilie...................................... 703
Furúghí, Rúhu'lláh............................ 690 Rostampour, Ardeshir (Ardashír Rustampúr)........... 792
Ghobad, Isfandiyar (Isfandíyár Qubád)......... 709 Rowling, Margaret................................... 757
Giachery, Angeline............................ 717 Ruggoo, Arthur Joseph Gustave....................... 761
Gibson, Amoz Everett.......................... 665 Sala, Rosemary...................................... 713
Greeves, Lisbeth.............................. 808 Sandando, Yowane.................................... 765
Hakím, Manúchihr.............................. 745 Scherer, Carl A..................................... 738
Halabí, Husayn................................ 707 Scherer, Loretta L.................................. 738
Hayden, Robert................................ 715 Schmidt, Dr. Eugen.................................. 800
Henseler, Julius.............................. 794 Seepé, Lot Max...................................... 806
Hezari, Ardeshir (Ardishír Hizárí)............ 776 Sneider, Mabel Adelle............................... 705
Hokafonu, Mosese.............................. 686 Sombeek, Ludmila Van................................ 689
Holley, Doris................................. 821 Sombeek, Rita van Bleyswijk......................... 763
Hutchinson-Smith, Jean........................ 681 Stettler, Karl Donald............................... 729
Joshi, Asanand Chagla......................... 795 Suleimani, Ridvaniyyih (Ridvániyyih Sulamání)....... 752
Kahaloa, Solomon.............................. 741 Vahdat, 'Ismat...................................... 743
Kamálí-Sarvistání, Mírzá Aqá Khán............. 817 Vahdat, Yadu'lláh................................... 758
Kazemi (Kázimí), Sharon Rickey................ 820 Vargas, Pedro....................................... 743
Kelsey, Olivia................................ 774 Vujdání, Bahár...................................... 698
Kempton, Honor................................ 748 Weeden, Gladys Anderson............................. 692
Kidder, Dr. Alice G........................... 677 Wilks, Helen Hazel.................................. 707
King, Melba M. Call........................... 687 Zonneveld, Arnold................................... 824

Part Six
DIRECTORY, BIBLIOGRAPHY, GLOSSARY

I. BAHA'I DIRECTORY
1. The Universal House of Justice.................................................................... 829
2. The Hands of the Cause............................................................................ 829
3. The International Teaching Centre................................................................. 829
4. Continental Boards of Counsellors................................................................. 830
5. Bahá'í International Community.................................................................... 830
6. National Spiritual Assemblies..................................................................... 830
7. Bahá'í Publishing Trusts.......................................................................... 830

II. BAHA'I BIBLIOGRAPHY
1. Bahá'u'lláh's Best-Known Works.................................................................... 833
2. The Báb's Best-Known Works........................................................................ 834
3. 'Abdu'l-Bahá's Best-Known Works................................................................... 835
4. Some Compilations from the Writings of Bahá'u'lláh, the Báb and 'Abdu'l-Bahá...................... 836
5. Shoghi Effendi's Best-Known Works................................................................. 836
6. Language and Literature Achievements, Ridván 1979-Ridván 1983:
A. Languages in International Use............................................................. 838
B. Invented Languages......................................................................... 839
C. Africa..................................................................................... 839
D. The Americas............................................................................... 841
E. Asia....................................................................................... 843
F. Australasia and the Pacific Islands........................................................ 843
G. Europe..................................................................................... 844
H. Total by Continents........................................................................ 845
7. Translations of Short Obligatory Prayer:
A. Africa..................................................................................... 847
B. The Americas............................................................................... 851
C. Asia....................................................................................... 857
D. Australasia and the Pacific Islands........................................................ 861
E. Europe..................................................................................... 863
F. Invented Languages......................................................................... 865
G. Miscellaneous.............................................................................. 865
8. A Bibliography of English Language Works on the Bahá'í Faith: Selections,
compiled by William P. Collins......................................................... 866
A. The Writings of Bahá'u'lláh................................................................ 867
B. The Writings of the Báb.................................................................... 869
C. The Writings of 'Abdu'l-Bahá............................................................... 869
D. Works Compiled from the Writings of Bahá'u'lláh, the Báb and 'Abdu'l-Bahá.................. 873
E. The Writings of Shoghi Effendi............................................................. 878
F. Works and Messages of the Universal House of Justice....................................... 881
G. Writings on the Bábí and Bahá'í Faiths..................................................... 881
9. A Partial Bibliography of some Major Original Works on the Bahá'í Faith in
Languages other than English, compiled by William P. Collins.................................. 887
10. A Bibliography of Theses Relating to the Bahá'í Faith, compiled by William P. Collins............ 890
11. Partial Listing of some Current General Bahá'í Periodicals, compiled by William P. Collins........ 892

III. ORIENTAL TERMS
1. Transliteration of Oriental Words Frequently used in Bahá'í Literature........................... 893
2. Guide to Transliteration and Pronunciation of the Persian Alphabet............................... 895
3. Notes on the Pronunciation of Persian Words...................................................... 895
4. Definition of some of the Oriental Terms used in Bahá'í Literature............................... 897

Part Seven
LITERARY AND MUSICAL WORKS

I. ESSAYS AND REVIEWS
1. Memories of 'Abdu'l-Bahá, by 'Alí M. Yazdí....................................................... 907
2. Life as Metaphor, by John S. Hatcher............................................................. 912
3. Remembering Bernard Leach, by Trudi Scott........................................................ 929
4. The Concept of Spirituality, by William S. Hatcher............................................... 932
5. One Kind Deed, by Dipchand Khianra............................................................... 966
6. Kaushal Kishore Bhargava: An Appreciation, based on a Memoir by Dipchand Khianra................. 969
7. August Forel Defends the Persecuted Persian Bahá'ís: 1925-1927, by John Paul Vader............... 970
8. Bahá'u'lláh and the Fourth Estate, by Roger White................................................ 975
9. August Rudd: The First Bahá'í Pioneer to Sweden.................................................. 980

II. VERSE................................................................................................. 983

III. MUSIC................................................................................................ 993

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

Frontispiece One: Upper Chamber of the House of the Báb, Shíráz, where He declared His
Mission to Mullá Husayn in 1844 (photo courtesy of Mr. K. Mumtází))
Frontispiece Two: The Seat of the Universal House of Justice

Part One: The Bahá'í Revelation

Part Two: The Commemoration of Historic Anniversaries

Bahíyyih Khánum; circa 1890................................................................................ 43
Bahíyyih Khánum; an early photograph....................................................................... 49
Some relics of the Greatest Holy Leaf preserved in the International Bahá'í Archives...................... 52
An early photograph of the marble monument erected by Shoghi Effendi over the
resting-place of Bahíyyih Khánum...................................................................... 54
Bahíyyih Khánum; circa 1895................................................................................ 56
Bahíyyih Khánum; October 1919.............................................................................. 58
Curtis Kelsey astride a donkey, Pilgrim House, Bahjí, 1921................................................. 61
Saichiro Fujita in Persian garb; 1921...................................................................... 61
Bahíyyih Khánum; circa 1919................................................................................ 66
View of the Greatest Holy Leaf's monument as it appears today.............................................. 67
Facsimile of Bahíyyih Khánum's handwriting................................................................. 72
The room occupied by 'Abdu'l-Bahá in the House of 'Abdu'lláh Páshá......................................... 74
The room occupied by the Greatest Holy Leaf n the House of 'Abdu'lláh Páshá................................ 74

Part Three: International Survey of Current Bahá'í Activities

Exterior view of the House of 'Abdu'lláh Páshá in its restored condition; 1983............................. 78
Main hall of the quarters of the Holy Family in the House of 'Abdu'lláh Páshá; 1983........................ 79
The room in the House of 'Abdu'lláh Páshá in which Shoghi Effendi was born in March 1897................... 79
The room in the House of 'Abdu'lláh Páshá in which 'Abdu'l-Bahá would receive His guests................... 80
Graph illustrating growth of the Bahá'í Faith 1953-1983.................................................... 82
The Seat of the Universal House of Justice on Mount Carmel................................................. 85
Hands of the Cause and Counsellor members of the International Teaching Centre; November 1979.............. 87
A representative sampling from the international press of reports and editorials in
defense of the Bahá'ís................................................................................ 91
Facsimile of House Resolution No. 110, House of Representatives, Eighty-First
General Assembly, State of Illinois, adopted 15 March 1979............................................ 93
Facsimiles of documents protesting against the persecution of the Bahá'ís of Irán.......................... 95
Publications of the Bahá'í World Centre, 1979-1983......................................................... 97
Youthful participants in the satellite conference, Nairobi, Kenya, with the Hand of the
Cause William Sears; October 1982.................................................................... 101
Participants in the satellite conference, Yaoundé, Camaroon Republic; October 1982........................ 101
The Hand of the Cause Ugo Giachery viewing the construction of the House of
Worship, Western Samoa; September 1982............................................................... 105
His Excellency Lee Teng-Hui, Governor of Taiwan, honouring Mr. Suleiman A. Suleimani..................... 105
A selection of newsletters in various languages published specifically for children....................... 113
Some published versions of Words of God................................................................... 114
Bahá'í mobile medical camp, India, with members of the Dang tribe......................................... 120
Participants in the Scottish Summer School; 1982.......................................................... 120
A selection of newsletters published in response to the goals of the Seven Year Plan...................... 122
Participants in the New Zealand Children's Camp; 1981..................................................... 122
First local all-girl teaching team of Papua New Guinea.................................................... 124
Táhirih--Iranian Bahá'í choir, Southern Ontario, Canada................................................... 124
A selection of newsletters for youth...................................................................... 126
Participants in the National Youth Conference, Hong Kong; December 1982................................... 126
Participants in the Bahá'í Winter School, Saenz Pena, Chaco, Argentiná.................................... 128
The Hand of the Cause Collis Featherstone with participants in the Finnish Bahá'í Summer School; 1982..... 128
Some Bahá'ís of the Tapi tribe, Mindoro, Philippines...................................................... 130
Chinese Bahá'ís of Calcutta, India........................................................................ 130
Bahá'ís at Local Bahá'í Centre for Nineteen-Day Feast, Nagumeya, Ciskei; 1982............................ 133
Participants in the Pioneer Training Institute, Alberta, Canada; 1981..................................... 133
French Minister of State for the Interior, Gaston Defferre and Mme. Defferre, on their
visit to the Seat of the House of Justice; February 1983............................................. 137
Five International Conferences--a Pictorial Report........................................................ 138
Participants in the satellite conference, Nairobi, Kenya; October 1982.................................... 154
A representative sampling from Canadian newspapers of references to the International
Bahá'í Conference held in Montreal; September 1982..................................................... 155
Bushman and other participants who attended a deepening institute held in
Khudumelapye, Botswana; July 1981.................................................................... 164
First Bahá'í Summer School, Victoria, Cameroon Republic; March 1980....................................... 166
First Local Spiritual Assembly of Mariental, South West Africa/Namibia.................................... 169
Bus poster, Atlanta, Georgia, U.S.A. ..................................................................... 173
Antonio Cruz, first Bahá'í of the Totonaco tribe in Veracruz, Mexico...................................... 174
Second continental indigenous council, Wilmette, Illinois, U.S.A. ........................................ 175
Poster advertising a dance created by Ballet Shayda to honour the martyrs of Irán......................... 176
Local Bahá'í community poster commemorating the seven Bahá'ís of Yazd who
were martyred in September 1980...................................................................... 176
The Local Spiritual Assembly of Chucuito, Puno, Peru; 1981................................................ 178
The 'Children of Bahá' choir performing in observance of U.N. Human Rights Day, 1979..................... 179
'The Chosen Highway' youth choir , Panchgani, Maharashtra, India; 1982.................................... 179
Some Bahá'ís of the Dang tribe, Gujarat, India; 1982...................................................... 181
Some Bahá'í women of Burma................................................................................ 183
Regional Teaching Conference, Auckland, New Zealand; June 1981............................................ 184
The Local Spiritual Assembly of Albury, New South Wales, Australia; 1979.................................. 184
U.N. Day observance, Bahá'í House of Worship, Sydney, Australia; 1980..................................... 187
Teaching Institute, Sisimiut, Greenland; 25 July 1982..................................................... 188
National Hazíratu'l-Quds of the Republic of Ireland; September 1982....................................... 188
A selection of major original publications about the Bahá'í Faith in European languages................... 191
National Youth Symposium, Seiano, Italy; June 1980........................................................ 191
Annual convention, Iceland; 1981.......................................................................... 193
Exterior view of the Association for Bahá'í Studies centre, Ottawa, Canada................................ 195
View of the reception area, Bahá'í Studies centre, Ottawa, Canada......................................... 195
The Hand of the Cause Amatu'l-Bahá Rúhíyyih Khánum addressing the international
conference on marriage and family life, Ottawa, Canada; 1981......................................... 197
The Hand of the Cause John Robarts with recipients of awards.............................................. 197
Issues of Bahá'í Studies and Bahá'í Studies Notebook published in the
period Ridván 1979-1983.............................................................................. 199
The Hand of the Cause John Robarts with participants in the inaugural meeting of the
Bahá'í International Health Agency................................................................... 201
Mrs. Gayle Morrison delivering the Hasan M. Balyúzí lecture during the seventh annual
conference of the Association for Bahá'í Studies..................................................... 205
A representative sampling of Bahá'í scholarly journals, 1979-1983......................................... 206
Students of the New Era School, Panchgani, India.......................................................... 207
Anís Zunúzí School, Lilavoix, Haiti....................................................................... 208
Odusai School, Tororo District, Uganda; August 1981....................................................... 209
A woodworking class, New Era High School, Panchgani, India................................................ 210
Laying the cornerstone at the site of the Bahá'í Youth Academy, Panchgani, India.......................... 210
Glory School, Santiniketan, West Bengal State, India...................................................... 212
Glory School classroom; 1982.............................................................................. 212
Shoghi Children's School, Nunna, India.................................................................... 212
A Bahá'í tutorial school, Charolipada, India.............................................................. 213
Children in prayer, Bahá'í tutorial school, Bairagra, India............................................... 214
A Bahá'í tutorial school, Jhabua, India; 1983............................................................. 214
A Bahá'í tutorial school, Markara, India.................................................................. 214
Hostel for Bahá'í children from Mentawai Islands, Padang, Indonesia....................................... 216
A classroom, Tadong Bahá'í Primary School, Gangtok, Sikkim; 1980.......................................... 217
Students of Pachey Phirphiray tutorial school, Sikkim; 1983............................................... 217
Students of Colegio Núr, La Cisterna, Santiago, Chile; 1983............................................... 218
Colegio Núr, La Cisterna, Santiago, Chile................................................................. 220
Nursery class, Santitham School, Yasothon, Thailand....................................................... 222
Inaugeration of Anís Zunúzí School, Lilavoix, Haiti; 20 October 1982...................................... 222
The Faizí School, Loncopulle, Chile....................................................................... 222
Tutorial school, Quebrada Nigua, Panama................................................................... 225
Tutorial school, Piggs Peak, Swaziland.................................................................... 225
Gingalili Pre-School, Nakuru District, Kenya.............................................................. 225
Village tutorial school, Iriga City area, Philippines..................................................... 225
Louhelen School, Davison, Michigan, U.S.A. ............................................................... 227
Louis G. Gregory Institute, Hemingway, South Carolina, U.S.A.; 1983....................................... 227
Tutorial school, Bangwade, Upper Zaire; March 1983........................................................ 227
Tutorial pre-school, Bulembu, Swaziland; 1982............................................................. 228
Participants in second course of the Bahá'í Youth Academy of India; 1982.................................. 231
Faculty and students of Rabbani School; 1983.............................................................. 234
Ploughing with Rabbani School's team of water-buffalo..................................................... 237
Mrs. Sherman Waite conducting a class at Rabbani School................................................... 238
Four members of the Trail of Light group.................................................................. 240
The Trail of Light group with members of the Aguaruna tribe, Peru......................................... 240
The Trail of Light group in Porras, Bolivia............................................................... 240
The Trail of Light group, Southwest Bahá'í Institute, Arizona, U.S.A.; June 1982.......................... 241
An outdoor performance of the Trail of Light group, Pucyura, Peru......................................... 243
The Trail of Light group in Honduras...................................................................... 244
Press clippings reporting on the centenary of the founding of the Bahá'í Faith in India; April 1980....... 248
The national Hazíratu'l-Quds of the Bahá'ís of Irán, Tihrán, seized 15 February 1979...................... 250
Home of a Bahá'í family in Shíráz after being looted and destroyed; 1979.................................. 250
Translation into English of a circular letter addressed to a Bahá'í who was suspended
from employment in government service................................................................ 251
Site of the House of the Báb in process of being demolished............................................... 253
Towns and cities in Irán in which Bahá'í holy places, cemeteries and other properties
have been seized or destroyed....................................................................... 254
Some members of the National Spiritual Assembly of Irán and other prominent
Bahá'ís who were kidnapped or executed............................................................... 258
A desecrated Bahá'í cemetery.............................................................................. 263
Mourners gathered for the funeral of. Dr. Manúchihr Hakím................................................. 263
Tent settlement of Bahá'í refugees, Katá.................................................................. 272
A Bahá'í family harassed and made homeless................................................................ 272
Mourners gathered for the funeral of. Mihdí Anvarí and Hidáyatu'lláh Dihqání.............................. 282
Visitors visiting graves of Bahá'í martyrs in graveyard reserved for 'infidels'........................... 282
The House of Bahá'u'lláh in Tákur, district of Núr, Mázindarán, Irán...................................... 289
Individual photographs of some of the martyrs............................................................. 295

Documentation of the Persecutions

Procession honouring the martyrs, the Hague; August 1982.................................................. 356
Three books describing the persecutions of the Bahá'ís of Irán............................................ 362
News-stand posters printed by Tribune de Genève and Journal de Genè for display in
public newspaper dispensers; 1980.................................................................... 379
Towns and cities in Irán in which Bahá'ís were arrested or killed between 1979 and 1983................... 392
Illustration depicting the death of a Bahá'í from the magazine Ima'ma, circa 1911......................... 392
Bahá'í International Community representatives, U.N. Commission on Human Rights,
Geneva; 31 January 1983.............................................................................. 395
Bahá'í representatives, Second World Conference on the U.N. Decade for Women, Copenhagen; July 1980...... 407
Bahá'í literature display, Second World Conference on Women............................................... 407
Bahá'í International Community representatives to the United Nations Commission on Human
Rights held in Geneva; 15 February 1982.............................................................. 409
A selection of major publications of the Bahá'í International Community................................... 413
U.N. Day observance, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; 24 October 1980............................................... 413
Bahá'í delegations to the meetings of the European Parliament; September 1980............................. 416
Bahá'í delegation to the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe,
Strasbourg France; 29 January 1981................................................................... 416
Senior Iranian military officers are seen attacking the Bahá'í National Centre, Tihrán; 1955.............. 425

Part Four: The World Order of Bahá'u'lláh

The members of the Universal House of Justice elected at Ridván 1983...................................... 460
Delegates to the International Convention................................................................. 462
Friends gathered at Pilgrim House, Haifa, for the observance during the International
Convention, 1983, of the Ninth Day of Ridván......................................................... 464
The Hand of the Cause 'Alí-Akbar Furútan with delegates to the Fifth International
Convention from Taiwan............................................................................... 480
The Hands of the Cause William Sears, Dr. 'Alí-Muhammad Varqá, John Robarts and
Amatu'l-Bahá Rúhíyyih Khánum; August 1980............................................................ 483
The Hand of the Cause Dr. Ugo Giachery with two young friends in Norway................................... 483
The Hand of the Cause Dr. Rahmatu'lláh Muhájir, Mendoza, Argentina; December 1979......................... 493
The Hand of the Cause Paul E. Haney with members of the Continental Board of
Counsellors in Asia; 6 January 1981.................................................................. 493
The Hands of the Cause Enoch Olinga, Abu'l-Qásim Faizí and Dr. Adelbert
Muhlschlegel, Plon, Germany; 1972.................................................................... 504
The Hand of cthe Cause Dhikru'lláh Khádem, Wilmette, Illinois, U.S.A.; August 1982........................ 504
The Hand of the Cause 'Alí-Akbar Furútan with some delegates to the International
Convention; April 1983............................................................................... 513
The Hand of the Cause H. Collis Featherstone, Savonlinna, Finland; July 1982.............................. 513
The Hand of the Cause John Robarts with four Bahá'ís from Zimbabwe........................................ 514
Inaugural meeting of the Continental Board of Counsellors in Africa with the Hand of
the Cause William Sears; 1981...................................................................... 529
Inaugural meeting of the Continental Board of Counsellors in the Americas with the
Hand of the Cause Amatu'l-Bahá Rúhíyyih Khánum; 1981............................................... 529
Inaugural meeting of the Continental Board of Counsellors in Asia with the Hand of the
Cause Paul E. Haney; 1981.......................................................................... 531
Inaugural meeting of the Continental Board of Counsellors in Australasia with the
Hand of the Cause H. Collis Featherstone, 1981..................................................... 531
Inaugural meeting of the Continental Board of Counsellors in Europe with the Hand of
the Cause Dhikru'lláh Khádem, 1981................................................................. 533
The members of the Universal House of Justice, the Hands of the Cause, Counsellor members of the
International Teaching Centre and members of the Continental Boards of Counsellors, Mazra'ih; 1983. 533
The Hand of the Cause Amatu'l-Bahá Rúhíyyih Khánum with His Excellency Sir Gerald Christopher
Cash, Governor General of the Commonwealth of the Bahamas; April 1981.............................. 533

New National Spiritual Assemblies

Transkei (1980)................................. 548 Windward Islands (1981)........................... 551
Bermuda (1981).................................. 548 Dominica (1983)................................... 551
Bophuthatswana (1981)........................... 549 St. Lucia (1983).................................. 552
Leeward Islands (1981).......................... 549 Uganda (re-established 1981)...................... 553
South West Africa/Nambia (1981)................. 550 Nepal (re-established 1982)....................... 553
Tuvalu (1981)................................... 550

The Mother Temple of the West, Wilmette, Illinois, U.S.A. ................................................ 570
Architectural drawings of the Indian Temple--Podium Level Key Plan and Main Building Section.............. 573
Construction worker at Indian Temple site................................................................. 581
The Mashriqu'l-Adhkár of the Indian sub-continent under construction; 1 December 1981..................... 583
Construction work in progress; 19 April 1983.............................................................. 583
Architect's model of completed Temple..................................................................... 584
His Highness Malietoa Tanumafili II visiting the Samoan Temple site at Apia, Western
Samoa; 18 December 1981............................................................................ 587
Aerial view of the Samoan Temple under construction; 15 January 1983...................................... 587
Two views of the Mashriqu'l-Adhkár of the Pacific Islands under construction.............................. 588
Stairs leading to the main rooms of the House of 'Abdu'llah Páshá, 1983................................... 608

Part Five: In Memoriam

Muhlschlegel, Adelbert............................... 612 Vargas, Pedro................................ 744
Haney, Paul Edmond................................... 615 Hakím, Manúchihr............................. 745
Olinga, Enoch........................................ 618 Eliás, Subhí................................. 747
Enoch Olinga with some members of his family......... 635 Kempton, Honor............................... 749
Balyuzi, Hasan M.(Hasan M. Balyúzí).................. 636 Labíb, Muhammad.............................. 751
Muhájir, Rahmatu'lláh................................ 652 Suleimani, Ridvaniyyih (Ridvániyyih
Faizi, Abu'l-Qásim................................... 659 Sulamání)............................... 753
Gibson, Amoz Everett................................. 666 Appa, Seewoosumbur Jeehoba................... 754
Leach, Bernard....................................... 670 Beard, Frances............................... 756
Pavón, Clementina, Mejía de.......................... 672 Rowling, Margaret............................ 758
Pavón, Segundo....................................... 672 Vahdat, Yadu'lláh............................ 759
Eggleston, Helen..................................... 675 Ruggoo, Arthur Joseph Gustave................ 761
Ober, Elizabeth Kidder............................... 678 Morais, Kenneth Allan........................ 762
Kidder, Alice G. .................................... 678 Sombeek, Rita van Bleyswijk.................. 763
Hutchinson-Smith, Jean............................... 681 Sandando, Yowane............................. 766
Ahmadpúr, Fu'ád...................................... 682 Farangí, Masíh............................... 767
Doktoroglu, Sami..................................... 684 Mustafá, Muhammad............................ 769
Hokafonu, Mosese..................................... 686 Lukmani, M. E. (Muhammad Ibráhímjí
King, Melba M. Call.................................. 688 Luqmání)............................... 772
Sombeek, Ludmila Van................................. 689 Mkhize, Bertha............................... 773
Furúghi, Rúhu'lláh................................... 691 Kelsey, Olivia............................... 775
Weeden, Gladys Anderson.............................. 693 Adlparvar, Hishmat........................... 776
Raynor, Allan........................................ 696 Hezari, Ardeshihr (Ardishír Hizárí).......... 777
Vujdání, Bahár....................................... 699 Edwards, Hermione Vera Keens-Douglas......... 778
Mr. Vujdání's last letter to his family.............. 700 Missaghiyeh, Abdul-Missagh
Pollinger, Franz..................................... 701 ('Abdu'l-Míthaq Míthaqíyih)............. 779
Rhein, Ottilie....................................... 704 Mahmúdi, Zhínús Ni'mat....................... 781
Sneider, Mabel Adelle................................ 706 Baqá, Shídrukh Amír-Kíyá..................... 784
Halabí, Husayn (Husayn Rátibu'l-Halabí).............. 707 Raman, Appu.................................. 787
Wilks, Helen Hazel................................... 708 Altass, Florence Elizabeth................... 788
Ghobad, Isfandiyar (Isfándíyar Qubád)................ 709 Mavaddat, Nasrollah (Nasru'lláh
Falláh, Muhammad 'Alí Afnán.......................... 711 Maviddat)............................... 791
Chinniah, Inparaju................................... 712 Rostampour, Ardeshir (Ardashír
Sala, Rosemary....................................... 713 Rustampúr).............................. 792
Hayden, Robert....................................... 716 Korean, Suliana Halaholo..................... 794
Giachery, Angeline................................... 717 Henseler, Julius............................. 795
Nodada, Cecilia Mikize............................... 720 Joshi, Asanand Chagla........................ 796
Outhey, Jeannette.................................... 722 Nakhjavání, Jalál............................ 797
Abbas, Kamil (Kámil 'Abbás Ridá)..................... 722 Schmidt, Eugen............................... 800
Blake, Cecilia King.................................. 723 Baker, Richard St. Barbe..................... 802
Allen, John William.................................. 725 Brechtefeld, Henry........................... 805
Fitzner, Sarah Florence.............................. 727 Seepé, Lot Max............................... 807
Dhacoo, Louis Pierre Henri........................... 728 Greeves, Lisbeth............................. 808
Stettler, Karl Donald................................ 729 Blakely, Dudley Moore........................ 810
Cookson, Alexe....................................... 730 Mesbah, Amine (Amín'u'lláh Misbáh)........... 813
Mobedzadeh, Shah Behram (Sháh Bahrám Mesbah, Jeanne (Marie-Jeanne Irady Misbáh)... 813
Múbidzádih)...................................... 732 Cobb, Stanwood............................... 815
Armstrong, Leonora Stirling.......................... 733 Kamálí-Sarvistání, Mírzá Aqá Khán............ 817
Scherer, Loretta L. ................................. 739 Lith, Jacob Eduard (Bob) van................. 818
Scherer, Carl A. .................................... 739 Njang, Elizabeth Idang....................... 819
Shepherd, Harold..................................... 740 Kazemi (Kázimí), Sharon Rickey............... 820
Kahaloa, Solomon..................................... 742 Holley, Doris................................ 822
Vahdat, 'Ismat....................................... 743 Zonneveld, Arnold............................ 825

Part Six: Directory, Bibliography, Glossary

The Mayor of La Paz, Bolivia, at the La Paz book fair; July 1981.......................................... 845
Bahá'í exhibit, International Book Fair, Frankfurt, Germany; October 1982................................. 892
An example of Mishkín-Qalam's calligraphy................................................................. 896

Part Seven: Literary and Musical Works

Bernard Leach; July 1977.................................................................................. 931
Kaushal Kishore Bhargava.........................................................................,........ 969
August Forel; 1924........................................................................................ 974
The Times of London, 30 August 1980, reported the seizure of the members of the
National Spiritual Assembly of Irán.................................................................. 979
Anna and August Rudd...................................................................................... 981
Some participants in the first Winter School of Sweden; December 1979..................................... 982

[page v]

PREFACE

THE successive volumes of The Bahá'í World have come to be anticipated by Bahá'ís as the record of their own collective endeavours on behalf of their Faith, of the establishment and development of its administrative order throughout the world and as the source of data, both historical and statistical, relating to the rise of that Faith during its formative age.

By librarians and students The Bahá'í World is becoming ever more widely known as a source of authentic information about the aims, tenets, history, activities, organization and growth of the Bahá'í Faith. The editors therefore have always in mind the preservation of an even balance between the presentation of material of supreme interest to believers and of a fair and objective picture to enquirers. In this they are guided by the policy of Shoghi Effendi, Guardian of the Bahá'í Faith, who directed the compilation of the successive volumes from I to XII covering the years 1925 to 1954. The first volume, known as Bahá'í Year Book, was in fact a one-year survey; the next seven volumes were biennial, terminating in 1940; volume IX recorded the four years from 1940 to 1944; volume X was again biennial and volumes XI and XII presented the periods 1946 to 1950 and 1950 to 1954 respectively. All these volumes were published in the United States under the aegis of the National Spiritual Assembly and the supervision of the Guardian of the Bahá'í Faith. Volume XIII, which recorded the passing of the Guardian and the course and completion of his Ten Year Crusade, covered the entire period from 1954 to 1963 and was produced under the supervision of the Universal House of Justice, which henceforth assumed responsibility for publication. Volumes XIV, XV, XVI and XVII covered the years 1963 to 1968, 1968 to 1973, 1973 to 1976 and 1976 to 1979 respectively.

This volume, relating to the years 1979 to 1983, records the observance in the Holy Land in July 1982 of the fiftieth anniversary of the passing of The Greatest Holy Leaf, eldest daughter of Bahá'u'lláh and 'the outstanding heroine of the Bahá'í Dispensation'; the successful completion of the first stage of the restoration of the House of 'Abdu'lláh Páshá and its opening to pilgrims; the completion of construction of the permanent Seat of the Universal House of Justice and its occupation by that Institution in January 1983; the holding in the Holy Land in May 1983 of the fifth International Convention; the progress made towards construction of the first Mashriqu'l-Adhkár of the Indian Subcontinent in New Delhi and of the first Mashriqu'l-Adhkár of the Pacific Islands in Samoa; the holding in 1982 of five International Conferences dedicated to the Greatest Holy Leaf and marking the ftieth anniversary of her passing; the progress made in the Seven Year global teaching plan inaugurated at Ridván 1979 and constituting yet another stage in the unfoldment of 'Abdu'l-Bahá's Divine Plan; and the resumption in Irán on a scale unprecedented in recent history of a campaign designed to xtirpate the Bahá'í Faith from the land of its birth through the systematic imprisonment and execution of its leaders, the expropriation, desecration and destruction of its holy places, and the persecution and harassment of its rank and file, a process which, to an extent never before witnessed, drew the sympathetic attention of governments, world leaders and the mass media to the true nature of the Revelation of Bahá'u'lláh and publicized its teachings.

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