# Freemasonry, Baha'ism, and British Tudehis *Exported from [Holy-Writings.com](https://www.holy-writings.com/) on 2026-06-20 — 1 clipping.* --- > Source: Bahá'í Library Online (bahai-library.com), curated by Jonah Winters. Used by permission of the curator. Original citation: Ali Akbar Dareini, Freemasonry, Baha'ism, and British Tudehis, bahai-library.com. > ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── > > 657-1-<;.c_ q~ /{,6 > > The > Rise and Fall of > The Pahlavi Dynasty > Memoirs ofFormer General HusseinFardust > > Translated and Annotated by > Au AKBAR DAREINI > > MOTILAL BANARSIDASS PUBLISHERS > PRNATE LIMIT~-.DELHI > First Edition: Delhi, 1999 > > © ALI AKBAR DAREINI > All Rights reserved. > > ISBN: 81-208-1642-0 > > Also available at: > MOTILAL BANARSIDASS > 41 U.A. Bungalow Road, Jawahar Nagar, Delhi 110 007 Dedicated to my wife, Akram, > 8 Mahalaxmi Chamber, Warden Road, Mumbai 400 026 > 120 Royapettah High Road, Mylapore, Chennai 600 004 and my daughter, Homa, > Sanas Plaza. 1302, Baji Rao Road, Pune 411 002 for everything > 16 St. Mark's Road, Bangalore 560 001 > 8 Camac Street, Calcutta 700 017 > Ashok Rajpath, Patna 800 004 > Chowk. Varanasi 221 001 > > PRINTED IN INDIA > BY JAINENDRA PRAKASH JAIN AT SHRI JAINENDRA PRESS, > A-45 NARAINA, PHASE I, NEW DELHI I JO 028 > AND PUBLISHED BY NARENDRA PRAKASH JAIN FOR , > MOTILAL BANARSIDASS PUBLISHERS PRJV ATF. LIMITED. > u 1..J..\; tn1N6Ac.ow RoAE>; DEl.RVnn 001.i.-; t > PAHLA VJ REGIME, THE WESTS ESPIONAGE BASTION 185 > 184 THE RISE AND FALL OF THE PAHLAVI DYNASTY > > Colonel and headed Mossad's station in the secret Israeli Embassy The principal targets of the Israeli Intelli?~nce an~ sect-1:rity > in Tehran. service are: (1) the Arab states - their capabilities and mtenhons > A few weeks later, Nimrodi came to my office. He bade me a toward Israel, their relations with the USSR and other powers, > good morning sind offered me a sum of over 60,000 tumans. their official installations and representatives throughout the > "What is this money for?", I asked. world, their leaders, internal and inter-Arab politics, morale, > "Since the establishment of Israel's extraterritorial bases in Iran, military preparedness and other order ?f. battl:; (2) collectio~ of > we have paid this much on a monthly basis to Alavikia for his information on secret U.S. policy or deo.sions, if any, concemmg > cooperation with us, and we continue to do so to you as his Israel; (3) collection of scientific intelligence in the U.S. and ot~er > successor", he said. developed countries; (4) determination of government policy > I rejected his offer. Then, I directly went to Alavikia's residence toward Israel in the USSR and East European nations and the > to inquire about the issue. He confirmed that payments had been problem of Jewish emigration from these areas; (5) close > made. He accepted my view that it was amounted bribe. However, monitoring of anti-Zionist activity t_Iu:oug~out th~ world; and > I refused to accept the money and Nimrodi did not insist. (6) collection of political and economic intelligence m other areas > Anyhow, since probably 1958 Israel had established three bases of interest to them, such as Africa." 7 > in Iran. The bases were in Ahvaz in Khuzestan Province, Ilam in > Ilam Province, and Baneh and Marivan in Kurdestan Province. In SAVAKhad also established ten extraterritorial bases abroad to > all these areas, SA VAK had its stations too. The targets were Iraq monitor the domestic situation in Iraq and other Arab states but > and the southern littoral Arab states. The bases recruited local their efficiency was even less than the three Israeli bases because > agents in order to better carry out their espionage missions. The of lack of experience on the part of SAVAK agents. . > recruited agents were mostly Iraqis but later, agents from Kuwait, The bases continued operations until 1967-8. Some 300 Israelis > Bahrain, United Arab Emirates, and even Saudi Arabia were were active in these bases. By 1968, Israeli leaders decided to shut > recruited to the Ahvaz base. The bases were gathering the latest down their bases in Iran, and Mossad, since then, directly operated > information on the internal situation in Iraq and especially on the from inside Israel for collecting intelligence on Iraq. . . > government-owned organizations. A copy of the reports prepared However, Mossad continued to operate in Iran and Nimrodi > by the Israeli bases was sent to SA VAK's Second Department. remained in constant touch with SAVAK. After the bases w~re > Iraq was of special importance to Israel and, therefore, great removed Nimrodi continued his exchange of intelligence not with > attention was paid to the developments taking place in that country. me but with Motazed after he succeeded me. Nimrodi had the ~ost > Gradually, the bases, which enjoyed all kinds of facilities, extended extensive connections with SAVAK but in no way the Americans > their activities to the southern Arab states. complained about this. As I stated earlier, CIA and MI-6 had > deliberately encouraged SAVAK to tum to Mossad. . > "Mossad stations outside Arab areas in the Near East are I met Nimrodi two times in Tehran after the bases .ha~ bee:i > generally under diplomatic cover within the embassies and withdrawn. He was on a mission to Tehran. He was conhnumg his > consulates of Israel. There are stations in the United States, most job in Israel.8 > of the European capitals, Turkey, Iran (during the Shah's time) > and strategic centres in Latin America, Africa and the Far East. FREEMASONARY, BAHAISM, > Operations range from formal liaison exchanges with host AND BRITISH TUDEHIS > services through unilateral projects to special executive actions > directed against Arab terrorists. There are also smaller stations, Freemasonary, since its establishment in Iran, was functioning as a > which run mostly unilateral operations and handle local liaison pro-British political o~ganization. Its influence had ~eepened. to > on such matters as Arab terrorists .... the extent that the majority of the statesmen and high ranking > 186 THE RISE AND FALL OF THE PAHLAVI DYNASTY PAHLAVI REGIME, THE WEST'S ESPIONAGE BASTION 187 > > authorities had registered in the organization or did so when mistakes at the feet of the British and Freemasons and to bring > appointed to a key post. It could easily be claimed that both into ill repute; secondly, to gradually isolate British policy- > Freemasonary organizations were the most important political makers in order to pave the way for U.S.-backed agents to seize > groups which administered the affairs in the country for a long key posts. > time. Wealthy families and many distinguished personalities joined Bahais were another sect under the surveillance of the 3rd > the new setup and carried out the recommendations and the designs Department. The department prepared a comprehensive report > of British leaders. about the activities of Bahais every three months. The Shah was > Freemasonary in Iran came into existence under the title of fully aware of Bahai establishments and of high level posts held by > "Pahlavi Lodge" led by Javaheri with the approval of the Shah. Bahais, and he used to show his goodwill to them. > Earnest Proun who was a conduit between Mohammad Reza and Bahais were in prominance even during Reza Shah. The former > the Lodge was the most influential figure in the group. As I said monarch appointed Assadollah Sanie, a famous Bahai, his aid-deearlier, Proun took me to Javaheri's residence for a meeting, and camp. Sanie's influence increased during Alam, Mansure, and > tried to convince me to join the organization but I refused since I especially Hoveida. He was War Minister during Hoveida's cabinet > was not interested to align with them. for some time. The most prominent Bahai during Pahlavis was > Since the very first day of SA VAK's birth, Americans assigned Abdolkarim Ayadi. Abdolkarim's father had chosen the surname > the 3rd Department to collect information about the activities and "Ayadi" meaning "elements or hands" because he was one of > investigate the role of foreign bureaus or international organizations "Ayadi Amrollah" (Elements of God's Order), a close group to > operating in Iran. The investigation included Freemasonary and Abbass Afandi. Abdolkarim's blessings helped many other Bahais > Bahaism as well. The American advisor at the 3rd Department was to seize top posts during Mohammad Reza's reign. He played a > closely supervising the study and passed the required information decisive role in having Amir Abbass Hoveida, a Bahai, appointed > on to CIA station chief. A permanent two-member section within Prime Minister. Hoveida's father had also been one of the close > the 3rd Department was charged with supervising Freemason and associates and special writers of Afandi. > a few other groups operating in tlie country. The section released The activities of Bahais were jeopardized only once when > two bulletins a year about Freemasons. Although the Shah was Hojjatoleslam Falsafi, a famous preacher, lashed out at the sect. In > aware of Freemasonary activities in Iran, a copy of the bulletin was an attempt to pacify public wrath, Mohammad Reza ordered the > sent to him through SIB to stuCiy. demolition of Hazirat-al-Qods, a holy place for Bahais, in Tehran. > The unfavourable reputation of Freemasons and a growing The Shah ordered Ayadi to leave the country for a short time. He > opposition to the activities of the group forced the Shah to keep his stayed in Italy for nine months, and returned home after the > relations with them strictly covert but he always backed them in a situation returned to normal. > way or another. Bahais are not allowed to assume political posts without the prior > The Shah was regularly kept up to date on the latest function of permission of their top leader in Aka, a Bahai holy site in Israel. > the organization. For their part, Freemasons always expressed They are required to confine their activities to trade and agriculture. > loyalty to Mohammad Reza and supported his throne. "So, why have you accepted a political post?", once I asked Sani. > The publication of a three-volume book under the title of "Leader permits us to accept political posts in exceptional cases", > "Freemason's Lodge and Freemasonary in Iran" written by Ismael he replied. > Rain inflicted a heavy blow to the organization because it disclosed Bahais believe that Iran is the "Promised Land" for Bahais and > the names of many of its members. I understand that the disclosure therefore assuming political posts in Iran was not prohibited. All > was orchestrated by the Americans to reveal the strong hold the the Bahais I have met do not have a feeling of being Iranians. It > British had over the Iranian ruling clique. Americans had two clear was clear to me that they were spies. The Shah not only did not > intentions behind the. disdosure; first, to lay the blam~_o; past; s~ow i11lY..~~~':'}lY..t'?.W..~£!s t;li-17 gr~~,Ft~~~~,~~B,~~~~an > 188 THE RISE AND FALL OF THE PAHLAVI DYNASTY PAHLAVI REGIME, THE WEST'S ESPIONAGE BASTION 189 > > but also he explicitly disclosed that he was happy to see them in pretexts, primarily set to learning the different dimensions of > important posts because they did not conspire against him. The . the culture of the Islamic nations and peoples. Mr. Hemfer > (founder of Wahabism and the instigator of Mohammad Ben > powerful Bahais did everything to improve their financial position > and take the upper hand in handling the country's economic affairs. Abdul-Wahab), in his memoirs, says: "The British Foreign > I did not know any poor Bahai during this period. Many districts Secretary told me that about 5,000 spies and experts on cultural > in Tehran were under Bahai's virtual control. issues had been deployed in the remotest parts of the world to > In 1975, Shah's personal office (under Moinian) handed over to obtain sufficient intelligence on nations and their customs and > SIB a complaint. The letter said Hojabr Yazdani, a wealthy traditions". On the other hand, the Ottoman Empire which was > influential individual, had confiscated lands of sheperds and gradually being weakened, had turned into a field of rivalries > villagers in Sangsar. The Shah ordered to investigate the case and between the British and the Russians, each trying to pave the > report back to him the outcome. I dispatched two SIB officers and ~ay for its o~~ future domination by penetrating into > a SAVAK photographer to the area. The officers reported that mtellectual, political and social groups. > inhabitants of Nazaranabad in the mountains of Sangsar are all One of the best known conspiracies by the imperialists in this > Bahais. Yazdani was their leader. They had seized lands of connection was this same issue of" religion making, sectarianism > nieghbouring Muslim-inhabited village. The evidence was and creating gaps in the Muslim ranks", just as the history of > collected, and was handed over to the Shah. The following morillng, coming into existence of many of the present beliefs, concepts > Ayadi telephoned me and said Mohammad Reza had shown him and parties in the Islamic countries go back to those days (such > the report. He said the report was biased, and urged the Shah to as Zionism in the Middle East, Babism, Bahaism and Kasravism > dispatch an unbiased team of experts to re-investigate the case!. I in Iran, etc.). > said the documented report was accurate, and that there was no Bahaism was a rather successful experience by imperialism > need for a re-investigation. Anyhow, nothing was done to return and the enemies of Islam, although it did not prove much benefit > the lands to their Muslim owners. A year later, I learned that to its original promoter, Russia. Since its genesis, however, it > Yazdani was engaged in big land transactions in Tehran. He was has acted as a political party, opposed to Islam, disuniting people > always escorted by his two bodyguards. and paving the way for the superpowers' penetration into Islamic > During the reign of last Pahlavi monarch, Bahais launched an countries, especially Iran. Here, we shall endeavour to describe > extensive campaign propagating Bahaism in Iran. They used girls the background which caused the Russian government to exploit > as means of luring men to convert to Bahaism. They also prescribed it to create a new faith called Bahaism. > marriages between Bahais and Muslims. Iran had the biggest Bahai Following the death in 1825 of Sheikh Ehsaee who had > population in the world after the United States. Bahais who are managed to launch a new school of thought, called Sheikhia, in > mostly living in Chicago, U.S. are a powerful community. During Iraq's Shia teaching centres during the tumultous atmosphere > the height of Bahais power in Iran, Bahaism was among the religions of the time between the Osoolis (those believing in rational > mentioned in employment application forms in government principles to understand the rules of scripture) and the Akhbaris > departments but it was dropped from the forms after their holy (those who believed in traditional narratives without applying > site was demolished in Tehran. Since then, they were introducing intellect or rational principles), the ground-work had been laid > themselves as Muslims! by Ehsaee for misuse by imposters by virtue of omitting two > precepts, namely "resurrection" and "justice", from the religious > "With the advent of neo-colonialism and the introduction of precepts and their replacement by a fourth precept called "the > imperialists to remote countries, a flood of researchers from fourth pillar" (belief in the existence of a deputy and direct link > imperialistic governments, particularly Britain and the Czarist between the Imam and the people during the Imam's absence). > Rtissi'a,'began pOuririg:irifo Islainiccotintiiesifud, tinder various . Following his death;.hisdisciple,.SeY.ed Kazem Rashti, attempted > 190 THE RISE AND FALL OF THE PAHLAVI DYNASTY > PAHLAVI REGIME, THE WEST'S ESPIONAGE BASTION 191 > > to propagate his ideas, thereby gradually increasing the gap called "Babism" (which later changed to Bahaism by Hossein > between the mullas of the new sect and those of Shi' ism. Rash ti, Ali Mirza's claim) was created by Shirazi and, in fact, under the > who, according to many historians and history books, was not leadership of the Russian spy. Ali Mohammad Bab's propagation > from Rasht but from Vladivostok in Russia and was a political of superstitious and sacreligious ideas sent him to prison. > agent of the Russian government, had in his class a young man However, he was released from prison by Manouchehr Khan > from Shiraz, named Mirza Ali Mohammad. Motamedodoleh, the governor of Isfahan who was born an > After Seyed Kazem' s death, Ali Mohammad Shirazi claimed Armenia and was from Georgia in Russia and, with the Russian > deputyship and attracted some people around himself in Iraq. Government's help, had penetrated the Qajar establishment as > Among his disciples, there was a man by the name of Sheikh an enemy and had a deep dislike for Isfahan's Shia mullahs. > Issa Landarani whose real name, according to his own Manouchehr Khan brought Bab to Isfahan and provided him > confessions and the documents published by Czarist Russia, was with propaganda facilities. As stated in "Surnrnorised History" > Kiniaz Dolgorouki who, in the beginning, during the rule of Fath by Nabid Zarandi, "Manouchehr Khan himself endeavoured > Ali Shah, had been an employee and a translator of the Russian hard to spread the faith". Dolgorouki has written in his book: > Embassy in Tehran. He had then gone to Russsia and, upon his "As soon as I received information that Bab had arrived in > return to Gilan, had introduced himself as a Muslim by the name Isfahan, I wrote a friendly letter to Isfahan Governor > of Issa Lankarani. Wearing the clergy attire, he went to Iraq on Motamedodoleh, asking him to protect him as my good, > an intelligence mission for his government to gather intelligence respected friend." > about the situation in the Iraqi religious teaching centres. There As is evident, the agents of Czarist Russian government > he attended the classes taught by Ali Mohammad Shirazi who spared no effort to protect him and to spread the new faith. Even > claimed to be the deputy' of the absent Imam MahdL This same when, under pressure from Iranian mullahs and the people of > i. > person (by the fictitious name of Sheikh Issaj was later sent to •• Isfahan, ordered him to arrest and exile Bab to Maku, > Tehran as the Russian Ambassador, at which time he supported > the Bahai movement in Iran and, ~ccording to admissions by > .• northwestern Iran, Manoucher Khan refused to enforce the > Bahais, was the cause of Bahai's release from prison. i order. "Sayyah's Personal Memoirs", a book written by Abass > Afandi (the third Bahai leader), states on page 16:" ... Manouchehr > Shirazi's psychological disorder, his strong ambitions for j' Khan sent him out of Isfahan with a group of his riders. When > leadership, continual instigations by Sheikh Issa Dolgorouki, and they reached Mourchehkhort, they were secretly ordered to > the susceptible circumstances created by Rashti all united to return to Isfahan, where he securely sheltered him in his own > induce Ali Mohammad to proclaim himself the justice- house." > administering world saviour by pretending to be the "Promised This fact was divulged after Manouchehr Khan's death, when > Mahdi of Islam", and thereby attract the wretched and oppressed Bab was exiled to Maku. After some time he was imprisoned in > people to his beguiling mirage, which caused three civil wars in the Chehrig Castle, and finally in 1850, he was hanged in Tabriz > three sensitive regions of our country and shed much blood. after trial. Although Bab expressly repented twice, his real > In his confessions in this respect, Dolgorouki has written: " ... instigators, the Russian agents, did not allow the disturbance to > I gradually approached him and became one of his closest die down and, even to his death, encouraged him to make > friends. I invited him to my house several times, where I mixed baseless claims of disuniting effect. > his water-pipe tobacco with Indian hemp juice and hashish. During Shirazi's imprisonment, unpleasant events took place > During his ecstatic moods I encouraged him to stand up against at the hands of Babis in Zanjan, Ghazvin, and Mazandaran at > the Shia mullahs and to claim superiority." foreign instigation and by the makings of people such as Mirza > Such circuffistances gave rise to Ali Mohammad's claim of Hossein Ali.( a_pleasure-seeking. Iranian who took over the > ,,, ;:, Mahdism and ETVen. prophecy: and divinitf and S(!i a:-new:l !*,!<:~ . ;,r Ieadecihip of this new religion,claimedBabism andlater claimed > 192 THE RISE AND FALL OF THE PAHLAVI DYNASTY PAHLAVI REGIME, THE WEST'S ESPIONAGE BASTION 193 > > to be Baha Ullah, or Glory of God, and even God) as well as a with the help of the British government, who were at war with > prostitute by the name of Qaralein. History is ashamed to relate the Ottoman Government, as well as Abass Afandi's activities > such events. The blood of hundreds of innocent men, women and his trips to Europe and America and the support he received > and children was spilled. The political disorder at the time, the from the Zionists who contemplated to set up a government and > Shah's chronic illness, repercussions of the instability of his reign, to occupy Palestine, was able to set up an organization in > the Qajar family's quarrels over the throne, the existence of Palestine, modelled on European political parties, at a site called > ignorant and oppressive governors and incompetent clergy, "Beitol Adl" (House of Justice) in Haifa. This same establishment > pr~~alence of religious gains, the uprising by the Afghan people, gradually became an authority for taking decisions on Bahai > Bntish support for separation of the Afghani region, dispersion activities in all countries, and was turned into a fundamental > of Iran's 60 thousand men army as a result of British threats, pillar for establishment and entrenchment of the regime > expansion of the influence exercised by the Russian, British and occupying Qods (Jerusalem). Following Baha Ullah's death, > French embassies in Iran, and riots by the people of Khorasan Abbass Afandi and Shoghi Afandi respectively took over the > against the ruling class created such an atmosphere that enabled leadership of the affiliated party."9 > the Babis to strengthen themselves and thereby give rise to the > bloody events at Sheikh Tabassi Castle as well as the tragic events Here let me explain about the term "British Tudehis". It became > in Tabriz and Zanjan. Amir Kabir who sensed British and Russian a common phrase on the lips of the people during Mohammad > imperialism to be behind such events, decided to crush them. Reza's reign. I have little knowledge about its foundation and its > However, in the wake of his death, foreign embassies proceeded leaders, but certainly, British intelligence agents were behind the > with their schemes until August 1952 when the Babis tried in party. Most likely, Assadollah Alam was the topmost member and > vain to assassinate Nasserddin Shah. Following this attempt, leader of the party. The party came into prominence after > Baha Ullah was arrested, convicted and sentenced to death. August 19, 1953 coup. Alam did nothing without receiving orders > However, he was released from prison at the Russian from the British, and certainly a large number of its members had > Ambassador's support and mediation and was saved from previously been agents of London who had performed great > certain death at the recommendation of Emperor Nicolevic services, and, therefore, deserved posts of a ministerial nature or > Alexander KK, whereupon he was exiled to Iraq with the the like at the Court. > remnants of the Babis. During their ten years in Baghdad, they > continued with their sedition, causing disunity and diversity > among the Muslim community as. well as committing crimes, > most of which are recorded in history books. They were finally > summoned to Constantinople by the Ottoman Government. The > fact is that the Ottoman Government initially sought to use them > as a means to weaken the Iranian Government. But, as soon as it > found out about their secret connections with the Russian and > British embassies in Turkey, it put a stop to their activities, and > finally, under pressure from the people who had grown > impatient with their atrocities, it divided them into two groups > one of which, called Babia, headed by Sob he Azai, was exiled to > (;,:yprus, :ind the ~ther group, ~eaded by Baha Ullah, was exiled > t6 Akka m Palestine. The Babia group m Cyprus abandoned its > and > :· : activities is now almost extinct. But BahaUllah in Palestine, > REFERENCES 449 > 448 THE RISE AND ;:ALL OF THE PAHLAVI DYNASTY > > banquet and reception in the Oriental splendour of the old Golestan 17. Please see The Economist, August 26, 1978. > Palace. Affairs of state delayed our honeymoon for a few days, but 18. Please see Iran: Religion, Politics and Society, Nikki R. Keddie, Frank > then we had a long-awaited time together on the Caspian." Cass and Company Limited, London, 1980; pp. 220-1 and > Above from Mission for My Country: His Imperial Majesty PP· 230-1. > Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi, Hutchinson and Co. (Publishers) Ltd., 19. Above from The Pride and the Fall: Iran 1974-1979, Sir Anthony > London, 1961-1968; pp. 224-27. Parsons, Butlers and Tanner Ltd., 1984; pp. 6-7. > 5. Please see The Return of the Ayatollah: The Iranian Revolution from > Mossadiq to Khomeini, Mohammad Heikal; Andre Deutsch Limited, Chapter4 > 1981; pp. 93-5. The paragraph in parenthesis from All Fall Down: > America's Tragic Encounter with Iran; Gary Sick, Random House, New PAHLAVI DYNASTY, WEST'S ESPIONAGE BASTION > York, 1985; p. 12. > 6. Please see Islam and Revolution: Writings and Declarations of Imam 1. Please see The Return of the Ayatollah, Mohamed Heikal; Andre > Khomeini; translated and annotated by Hamid Algar, Mizan Press; .Deutsch Limited, 1981-1983; p. 16. > Berkeley; 1981; pp. 200-208. 2. Please see The Return of the Ayatollah, Mohamed Heikal; Andre > 7. Please see International Herald Tribune (Paris), 13 and 14 May, 1973. Deutsch Limited, 1981-1983; pp. 15-6. > 8. Please see The Return of the Ayatollah: The Iranian Revolution from 3. "One other significant military official whom I very seldom met > Mossadiq to Khomeini, Mohammad Heikal; Andre Deutsch Limited, and with whom I cannot recall ever having had a social conversation > 1981;p. 33. was General Fardust, the inspector general of the realm. He, like > 9. Ahmad Shafiq was son of Shafiq Pasha, chief of Egyptian King's Qarabaqi, had been one of that select group chosen to be classmates > office. Shafiq Pasha was sent to exile in Europe after Foad replaced and companions of the Crown Prince, and he was now reputed to > the king. Ashraf's decision to marry Shafiq annoyed King Farooq be closer to the Shah than any other officer; the monarch used him > who saw the marriage detrimental to the special relationship as his "eyes and ears". By making him inspector general, the Shah > between the two monarchical families. Mohammad Reza ignored fashioned an instrument of loyalty in whom he had complete > Farooq's anger and accepted Ashraf's request to allow her marry confidence and who could act discreetly to check information he > Shafiq. The fruits of their marriage was a boy and a girl. The boy received from other officials. General Fardust constantly made > whom they decided to call Shahriyar later became a navy officer unpublicized trips throughout the country, investigating not only > and was assassinated in Paris after the 1979 Islamic revolution. military matters but also civilian government activities. He was > Ashraf's daughter, Azadeh was crazy-sex like her mother. Above particularly respected and feared among the bureaucracy, because > collected b:irthe compiler of Fardust's memoirs, the Institute for his reports could result in the rapid termination of a career or even > Political Studies and Research, published as footnotes in the Persian in a criminal action that brought corrupt officials into disrepute. > text of the book. · Please see Mission to Iran, William H. Sullivan, W.W. Norton and > 10. For details please see Twentieth Century Iran, Hossein Amirsadeghi Company, 1981; pp. 76-7. > and R.W. Ferrier, William Heinemann Ltd., 1977; p. 102. 4. Please see Mission for My Country: His Imperial Majesty Mohammad > 11. Above from All Fall Down: America's Tragic Encounter with Iran; Gary Reza Shah Pahlavi, Hutchinson and Co. (Publishers) Ltd., London; > Sick, Random House, New York, 1985; p. 47. 1961-1968; pp. 176-7. > 12. For details please see The Shah and I, Memoirs of Assadollah Alam. 5. For details please see Documents from the U.S. Espionage Den: > 13. Above from All Fall Down: America's Tragic Encounter with Iran; Gary America-Supporter of Usurpers of the Qods, The Centre for Publication > Sick, Random House, New York, 1985; p. 11. of the U.S. Espionage Den's Documents, p. 283. > 14. Please see Mission to Iran, William H. Sullivan; W.W. Norton and 6. For details please see Documents from the U.S. Espionage Den: > Company, 1981; pp. 65-6. America-Supporter of Usurpers of the Qods, The Centre for Publication > 15. Please see Iran Religion, Politics and Society, Nikki R. Keddie, Frank of the U.S. Espionage Den's Documents; p. 273. > Cass and Company Limited, London, 1980; p. 146. 7. "Israel's principal intelligence and security authority is the Va'adat > 16. Please see The Pride and the Fall: Iran 1974-1979, Sir Anthony Parsons, Rashet Hasherutim (the Committee of the Heads of Services), > Butler and Tanner Ltd., London, 1984; p. 67. generally known as Va'adat. It coordinates the operations and > 450 THE RISE AND FALL OF THE PAHLAVI DYNASTY REFERENCES 451 > > activities of its members. Mossad Letafkidim Meyouchadim (the Secret though informal· relations. These relations, he says, became closer > Intelligence Service) or Mossad, its common name, has the primary in later years when certain Israeli friends discreetly joined the CIA > responsibility for foreign operations and is subordinate to the Prime in helping to organize and give guidance to a new Iranian security > Minister. Sherut Bitachon Klali (counterespionage and Internal service. The Israeli action was entirely 'under the table', essentially > Security), popularly known as Shin Beth, is responsible for security a clandestine operation - but it was of great assistance to the Iranians. > and is directly subordinate to the Prime Minister. Agaf Modiin Kermit Roosevelt, Countercoup: The Struggle for Control of Iran, > (Military Intelligence) has the main responsibility for strategic McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York, 1979. > military intelligence and communications intelligence and is under > the command of the Chief of Staff of the Israeli Defense Forces. The > Ministry of Foreign Affairs provides support in research and political Chapter6 > planning to the Israel intelligence community." > For details please see Documents from the U.S. Espionage Den: INTERNAL SECURITY DURING PAHLAVIS > America-Supporter of Usurpers of the Qods, The Centre for Publication > of the U.S. Espionage Den's Document.;, p. 265, p. 267 and p. 276. 1. Please see The CIA: The Forgotten History, William Blum, Zed Books > 8. "Yaccov Nimrodi (was) one of the richest men in Israel. An Iraqi Ltd., London 1986; p. 74. > Jew and a former Israeli military attache to Iran, he had established 2. Ibrahim Yunesi, translator of the book, Edmondz, Kurds, Turks and > the first official government-run arms channel between Israel and Arabs says, "Sadat of Egypt was mediating between the Shah and > Iran in the early 1960s. In 1967, after the Middle East war, hecame Saddam. In late February 1975, Barezani dispatched a delegation to > back to Tel Aviv and made presentations to the chief of the General Egypt to see what were the alleged secret negotiations in ~aghdad > Staff of the Israel Defense Forces (IDF). He wanted to be military between the representatives of Iran and Iraq. Sadat received the > governor of the West Banlc, which had just been captured; ... when Kurdish delegation and ensured them that there were no talks being > the IDF general staff said they were not ready to appoint him, he held at all. He betrayed them." Above collected by the compiler of > told them that if he did not get the job he was going to leave the Fardust's memoirs, the Institute for Political Studies and Research, > army and become a millionaire ... published as footnotes in the Persian text of the book. . . > He surprised all. As soon as his resignation from the military 3. Molla Mustafa Barezani died a slow death from cancer m the Uruted > went into effect, he returned to Tehran. Because of the friendship States from 1976 to 1979. Molla Mustafa's son, Masoud, who had > he developed with the Shah, Nimrodi, reached an agreement that joined the KDP in 1963, was elected to succeed his father as KDP > any arms coming to Iran from Israel would have to be brokered by leader. Masoud Barezani and his KDP welcomed the victory of the > him-with a built-in commission." 1979 Islamic Revolution in Iran and in his interviews with domestic > Above from Profits of War: Inside the Secret US-Israeli Anns Network, and foreign papers attacked the Pahlavi regime and the United ~tates > Ari Ben-Menashe, Sheridan Square Press, New York 1992; p. 168. for their treason against the Kurds. Above collected by the compiler of > 9. Above from Bahaism, its Origin and its Role: The Islamic Revolution Fardust's Memoirs, the Institute for Political Studies and Research, > Culture Publication, The Hague, the Netherlands; pp. 3-6. published as footnotes in the Persian text of the ~k. . . . > 4. Compiled from international wire services published m mtemational > newspapers. > Chapters 5. Please see Iran: Past and Present, Donald N. Wilber, Princeton > University Press, New Jersey, Eighth Edition, 1976; pp. 163-5. > SECRET AGENCIES DURING PAHLAVIS 6. On the same day SAV AK issued a statement: "Since, according to > reliable information and sufficient evidence, Mr. Khomeini's attitude > 1. Please see Mission to Iran, William H. Sullivan; W.W. Norton and and provocations have been considered contrary to _the_int_erests_of > Company, 1981, pp. 94-6 and p. 99. . the State, and to the security, independence, and tern tonal integrity > 2. Please see Profits of War: Inside the Secret US-Israeli Anns Network, of the State, he has been exiled from Iran effective November 4, > Ari Ben-Menashe, Sheridan Square Press, New York 1992; p. 27. 1964". > 3. Kermit Roosevelt, a crucial CIA figure during the 1953 coup itt Iran, > in his book Counten:oup writes that Iran and Israel__ had excellent > > .I > > — *Freemasonry, Baha'ism, and British Tudehis (Used by permission of the curator)*