Purgatory Canto  4
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Canto IV

Argument

     Dante and Virgil ascend the mountain of Purgatory, by a steep and narrow
path pent in on each side by rock, till they reach a part of it that opens
into a ledge or cornice. There seating themselves, and turning to the east,
Dante wonders at seeing the sun on their left, the cause of which is explained
to him by Virgil; and while they continue their discourse, a voice addresses
them, at which they turn, and find several spirits behind the rock, and among
the rest one named Belacqua, who had been known to our Poet on earth, and who
tells that he is doomed to linger there on account of his having delayed his
repentance to the last.

When by sensations of delight or pain,
That any of our faculties hath seized,
Entire the soul collects herself, it seems
She is intent upon that power alone;
And thus the error is disproved, which holds
The soul not singly lighted in the breast.
And therefore whenas aught is heard or seen,
That firmly keeps the soul toward it turn'd,
Time passes, and a man perceives it not.
For that, whereby we hearken, is one power;
Another that, which the whole spirit hath:
This is as it were bound, while that is free.

This found I true by proof, hearing that spirit
And wondering; for full fifty steps[1] aloft
The sun had measured, unobserved of me,
When we arrived where all with one accord
The spirits shouted, "Here is what ye ask."

[1: Three hours twenty minutes; fifteen degrees being reckoned to an
hour.]

A larger aperture oft - times is stopt,
With forked stake of thorn by villager,
When the ripe grape imbrowns, than was the path,

By which my guide, and I behind him close,
Ascended solitary, when that troop
Departing left us. On Sanleo's[2] road
Who journeys, or to Noli[3] low descends,
Or mounts Bismantua's[4] height, must use his feet;
Bat here a man had need to fly, I mean
With the swift wing and plumes of high desire,
Conducted by his aid, who gave me hope,
And with light furnish'd to direct my way.

[2: "Sanleo." A fortress on the summit of Montefeltro. The situation
is described by Troya, Veltro Allegorico, p. 11. It is a conspicuous object to
travellers along the cornice on the Riviera di Genoa.]

[3: "Noli". In the Genoese territory, between Finale and Savona.]

[4: "Bismantua." A steep mountain in the territory of Reggio.]

We through the broken rock ascended, close
Pent on each side, while underneath the ground
Ask'd help of hands and feet. When we arrived
Near on the highest ridge of the steep bank,
Where the plain level open'd, I exclaim'd,
"O Master! say, which way can we proceed."

He answer'd, "Let no step of thine recede.
Behind me gain the mountain, till to us
Some practised guide appear." That eminence
Was lofty, that no eye might reach its point;
And the side proudly rising, more than line
From the mid quadrant to the centre drawn.
I, wearied, thus began: "Parent beloved!
Turn and behold how I remain alone,
If thou stay not." - "My son!" he straight replied,
"Thus far put forth thy strength;" and to a track
Pointed, that, on this side projecting, round
Circles the hill. His words so spurr'd me on,
That I, behind him, clambering, forced myself,
Till my feet press'd the circuit plain beneath.
There both together seated, turn'd we round
To eastward, whence was our ascent: and oft
Many beside have with delight look'd back.

First on the nether shores I turn'd mine eyes,
Then raised them to the sun, and wondering mark'd
That from the left it smote us. Soon perceived
That poet sage, how at the car of light

Amazed[5] I stood, where 'twixt us and the north
Its course it enter'd. Whence he thus to me:
"Were Leda's offspring[6] now in company
Of that broad mirror, that high up and low
Imparts his light beneath, thou mightst behold
The ruddy Zodiac nearer to the Bears
Wheel, if its ancient course it not forsook.
How that may be, if thou wouldst think; within
Pondering, imagine Sion with this mount
Placed on the earth, so that to both be one
Horizon, and two hemispheres apart,
Where lies the path[7] that Phaeton ill knew
To guide his erring chariot: thou wilt see[8]
How of necessity by this, on one,
He passes, while by that on the other side;
If with clear view thine intellect attend."

[5: "Amazed." He wonders that being turned to the east he should see
the sun on his left, since in all the regions on this side of the tropic of
Cancer it is seen on the right of one who turns his face toward the east; not
recollecting that he was now antipodal to Europe, from whence he had seen the
sun taking an opposite course.]

[6: "As the constellation of the Gemini is nearer the Bears than
Aries is, it is certain that if the sun, instead of being in Aries, had been
in Gemini, both the sun and that portion of the Zodiac made 'ruddy' by the
sun, would have been seen to 'wheel nearer to the Bears,' By the 'ruddy
Zodiac' must necessarily be understood that portion of the Zodiac affected or
made red by the sun; for the whole of the Zodiac never changes, nor appears to
change, with respect to the remainder of the heavens." - Lombardi.]

[7: "The path." The ecliptic.]

[8: "Thou, wilt see." "If you consider that this mountain of
Purgatory, and that of Sion, are antipodal to each other, you will perceive
that the sun must rise on opposite sides of the respective eminences."]

"Of truth, kind teacher! I exclaim'd, "so clear
Aught saw I never, as I now discern,
Where seem'd my ken to fail, that the mid orb[9]
Of the supernal motion (which in terms
Of art is call'd the Equator, and remains
Still 'twixt the sun and winter) for the cause
Thou hast assign'd, from hence toward the north
Departs, when those, who in the Hebrew land
Were dwellers, saw it towards the warmer part.
But if it please thee, I would gladly know,

[9: "That the mid orb." "That the equator (which is always situated
between that part where, when the sun is, he causes summer, and the other
where his absence produces winter) recedes from this mountain toward the
north, at the time when the Jews inhabiting Mount Sion saw it depart toward
the south." - Lombardi.]

How far we have to journey: for the hill
Mounts higher, than this sight of mine can mount."

He thus to me: "Such is this steep ascent,
That it is ever difficult at first,
But more a man proceeds, less evil grows.[10]
When pleasant it shall seem to thee, so much
That upward going shall be easy to thee
As in a vessel to go down the tide,
Then of this path thou wilt have reach'd the end.
There hope to rest thee from thy toil. No more
I answer, and thus far from certain know."
As he his words had spoken, near to us
A voice there sounded: "Yet ye first perchance
May to repose you by constraint be led."
At sound thereof each turn'd; and on the left
A huge stone we beheld, of which nor I
Nor he before was ware. Thither we drew;
And there were some, who in the shady place
Behind the rock were standing, as a man
Through idleness might stand. Among them one,
Who seem'd to be much wearied, sat him down,
And with his arms did fold his knees about,
Holding his face between them downward bent.

[10: Because in ascending he gets rid of the weight of his sins.]

"Sweet Sir!" I cried, "behold that man who shows
Himself more idle than if laziness
Were sister to him." Straight he turn'd to us,
And, o'er the thigh lifting his face, observed,
Then in these accents spake: "Up then, proceed,
Thou valiant one." Straight who it was I knew;
Nor could the pain I felt (for want of breath
Still somewhat urged me) hinder my approach.
And when I came to him, he scarce his head
Uplifted, saying, "Well has thou discern'd,
How from the left the sun his chariot leads?"

His lazy acts and broken words my lips
To laughter somewhat moved; when I began:
"Belacqua,[11] now for thee I grieve no more.

[11: In the margin of the Monte Casino Ms. there is found this brief
notice: "This Belacqua was an excellent master of the harp and lute, but very
negligent in his affairs both spiritual and temporal."]

But tell, why thou art seated upright there.
Waitest thou escort to conduct thee hence?
Or blame I only thine accustom'd ways?"
Then he: "My brother! of what use to mount,
When, to my suffering, would not let me pass
The bird of God, who at the portal sits?
Behoves so long that Heaven first bear me round
Without its limits, as in life it bore;
Because I, to the end, repentant sighs
Delay'd; if prayer do not aid me first,
That riseth up from heart which lives in grace.
What other kind avails, not heard in Heaven?"

Before me now the poet, up the mount
Ascending, cried: "Haste thee: for see the sun
Has touch'd the point meridian; and the night
Now covers with her foot Marocco's shore."
-- Purgatory Canto  4