Tarkaśāstra (reconstructed text)
Exported from Holy-Writings.com on 2026-06-18 - 1 clipping

Source: GRETIL (gretil.sub.uni-goettingen.de) — Sanskrit academic edition. Title: Tarkaśāstra (reconstructed text). Data entry: (see source file). License: refer to source file header.
──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────

This file is a plain text transformation of http://gretil.sub.uni-goettingen.de/gretil/corpustei/sa_tarkazAstra.xml
  with a rudimentary header. For a more extensive header please refer to the source file.

## Data entry: members of the Digital Sanskrit Buddhist Canon Input Project
## Contribution: members of the Digital Sanskrit Buddhist Canon Input Project
## Date of this version: 2020-07-31

## Source:
   - G. Tucci: Pre-Diṅnāga Buddhist texts on Logic from Chinese Sources. Baroda 1929 (Gaekwad's Oriental Series, 49). Reprint: Nepal: Pilgrims Book House, 1998, 1-40. (Reconstructed Text).

## Publisher: Göttingen Register of Electronic Texts in Indian Languages (GRETIL), SUB Göttingen

## Licence:
   This e-text was provided to GRETIL in good faith that no copyright rights have been infringed. If anyone wishes to assert copyright over this file, please contact the GRETIL management at gretil(at)sub(dot)uni-goettingen(dot)de. The file will be immediately removed pending resolution of the claim.
   Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

## Structure of references:
   A reference is assembled consisting of
   - a pragmatic abbreviation of the title: Tarkaśāstra = ,
   - the number of the  in arabic numerals,
   - the number of the verse in arabic numerals.

## Notes:
   This file has been created by mass conversion of GRETIL's Sanskrit corpus from bsa069_u.htm. Due to the heterogeneity of the sources the header markup might be suboptimal. For the sake of transparency the header of the legacy file is documented in the note element below:

	 Tarkasastra (reconstructed text) (Tś)
Based on the edition by G. Tucci: Pre-Diṅnāga Buddhist texts on Logic from Chinese Sources.
Baroda 1929 (Gaekwad's Oriental Series, 49).
Reprint: Nepal: Pilgrims Book House, 1998, 1-40. (Reconstructed Text)
Input by members of the Sanskrit Buddhist Input Project.
With kind permission of the Digital Sanskrit Buddhist Canon Project
of Nagarjuna Institute, Nepal
and University of the West, Rosemead, California, USA
(www.uwest.edu/sanskritcanon)
Sastra section, text no. 69
The transliteration emulates the conventions of Nagari script.
Therefore, many word boundaries are not marked by blanks.
BOLD for references to Tucci's edition (added)

## Revisions:
   - 2020-07-31: TEI encoding by mass conversion of GRETIL's Sanskrit corpus

# Text

tarkaśāstram /

atha prathamaṃ prakaraṇam /

(śāstramāha) bhavān manyate 'smadvacanamanyāyyamiti cedbhavato 'pi vacanamanyāyyam / yadi bhavadvacanamanyāyyaṃ, tadāsmadvacanaṃ nyāyyam / yadi [bhavatocyate] bhavadvacanaṃ nyāyyaṃ, paramasmadvacanamanyāyyaṃ tanna yuktam / kiñca yadanyāyyaṃ tadetatsvato nyāyyaṃ, tasmād yadanyāyyaṃ tannāsti / yadi svato 'nyāyyaṃ tadetadanyāyyamasaccaiva, tasmādahamanyāyya[vādī] iti cedbhavatocyate tadayuktam /

anyacca / mama vacanamanyāyyamiti cedbhavatocyate, tato bhavānajña iti spaṣṭam / kuta iti cet / yadanyāyyaṃ tannirābhāsam / vacanaṃ nyāyābhāvādbhinnamabhinnaṃ vā ? / abhinnaṃ cedvacanamapi nāstīti mama vacanamanyāyyamiti bhavatā kathamucyate / atha bhinnaṃ, tato vacanaṃ nyāyyamiti mama vacanamanyāyyamiti kathaṃ bhavatocyate / vacanasvalakṣaṇakhaṇḍanācca / bhavatkhaṇḍanavacanamasmadvacanasya samakālīnamasamakālīnaṃ vā? samakālīnaṃ cedasmadvacanakhaṇḍane 'samarthaṃ, yathā gośṛṅge 'śvakarṇau vā parasparaṃ khaṇḍayituṃ na śaknuvataḥ / samakālīnatvāt / asamakālīnañced, bhavataḥ khaṇḍanaṃ pūrvamasmadvacanaṃ paścāt / athāsmadvacanānuccāraṇāt, kiṃ bhavatā khaṇḍyate? / tasmādbhavataḥ khaṇḍanamasidvam / athāsmadvacanaṃ (tś 4) pūrvaṃ, bhavataḥ khaṇḍanaṃ tu paścād, evaṃ tarhyasmadvacanasidvatvāt kasya khaṇḍanaṃ bhaviṣyati? / samakālīnañcet, tato 'smadvacanaṃ bhavataśca khaṇḍanamityetayoretat khaṇḍanametacca khaṇḍanīyamiti viśeṣo na syāt / yathā nadīsamudravārisaṃyogakāle viśeṣāsambhavaḥ /

aparañca / bhavataḥ khaṇḍanaṃ svakhaṇḍanārthamasvakhaṇḍanārthaṃ vā? svakhaṇḍanārthañcet, tataḥ svataḥ svārthahīnaṃ bhavedasmadvacananu siddham / asvakhaṇḍanārthañced, asiddham / kuta iti cet, svārthataḥ khaṇḍanāsidveḥ / siddhañcet, svārthahāniḥ parārthasidviśca /

kiñcāsmadvacanamanyāyyamiti ced, vacanameva na bhavet / vacanañcennaivānyāyyam / anyāyyamiti cet, tadvirudvam / yathā kumārī putravatīti / yato yadi kumārī putravatīti na sampadyate / yadi putravatī, tarhi naiva kumārī / kumārīti putravatīti cobhayaṃ virudvam / tasmānmama vacanamanyāyyamiti cedbhavatocyate tadayuktam / etatpunaḥ pratyakṣavirudvam / bhavānasmākaṃ vacanaṃ śrutvānyāyyaṃ manyate cet, tattarhi śrutatvātpratyakṣasiddham / pratyakṣaṃ hi balavattaraṃ tasmādbhavadvacanahāniḥ / yathā kaścinmanyeta śrotravijñānataḥ śabdasyānupalabdhiratha śrotravijñānataḥ śabdasyopalabdhiḥ pratyakṣasidveti, tadā pratyakṣasya balavattaratvāttadvacanahāniḥ /

anumānaviruddhaṃ caitat / mama vacanamanumānenopalabhyate cettato nyāyyamiti spaṣṭam / anyāyyaṃ hi vacanaṃ naiva vidyate / yadi vacanamasti tadā nyāyyamiti jñāyate / yathā kaścinmanyeta śabdo 'nityo hetumattvāt / yacca hetumattadanityaṃ, (tś 5) yathā ghaṭaḥ / sa hetumattvādanityaḥ / yadi hetumāṃstadānityaḥ śabdo, yadi nityo naiva hetumān / ityanityatānumānasidvā / anumānabalānnityatahāniḥ / nyāyyamiti, yadvacanaṃ tannyāyyam / yannyāyyamityanumānasiddhaṃ, tadanyāyyamiti pratiṣidvam / lokavirudvaṃ caitat / yadbhavatoktaṃ mama vacanamanyāyyamiti tallokavirudvam / kasmāditi, loke hi caturvidhanyāyasatvāt / [tathā hi] hetuphalanyāyaḥ sāpekṣanyāyaḥ sādhananyāyastathatānyāyaśca /

hetuphalanyāyaḥ / yathā bījamaṅkuraśca /

sāpekṣanyāyaḥ / yathā dīrghaṃ hrasvaṃ, pitā putraḥ / sādhananyāyaḥ / yathā pañcāvayavavākyaṃ sādhanārtham / tathatānyāyastrividhaḥ / yathānātmatathatānityatātathatā nirodhatathatā ca / iha loke vacanaṃ phalaṃ, nyāyo heturiti / iha loke yadā phalaṃ dṛṣṭaṃ tadā sahetukaṃ jñātam / yadā vacanamupalabdhaṃ, tadā nyāyyaṃ jñātam / yanmama vacanamanyāyyamiti bhavatoktaṃ tallokavirudvam / anyāyyaṃ vacanamityasya nāstyavakāśaḥ /

yad bhavatoktaṃ mama vacanamanyahisaṃvāditvāditi tadidamidānīṃ bhavatā sārdhaṃ vicārya nirdhāryate / yadi kaścidanyadvadettadā tasya doṣaḥ syat / bhidyate bhavataḥ pratijñāsmatpratijñātaḥ / atha tadbhavataḥ svoktam / tadānyaduktam / tasmādbhavāneva doṣamāpadyate / yadi bhavadartho 'smaduktādanyastadānyatvadoṣo bhavata eva na tu mama / yadi nānyat, tarhi matpakṣatulyameva, tena nāstyanyatvam / athocyate mamānyaditi tanmithyā / anyaccānyasmānnānyadityananyatvam / (tś 6) yadyanyadanyasmādanyat, tato 'nyanna bhavet / yathā manuṣyo goranyo na gaurbhavati, yadyanyadanyasmādanyat, tadā tadekaṃ bhavet / yadyekaṃ tato nānyat, tatkimucyate mamānyaditi / ataścaitanyāyyamiti / ahaṃ nyāyamavalambya bhavatā vivade / tasmādanyathāhaṃ vadāmi / yadyāvayorbheda eva na syānna tadā bhavatā vivādo 'haṃ tu bhavadarthameva vadāmi /

sarvamuktamanyaditi ced, bhavatāpi kiñciduktamiti bhavānapyanyadvadatīti doṣo bhavata eva / yadi bhavato vākyaṃ nānyat, tarhi mamāpi vacanaṃ nānyaditi yad bhavatoktamahamanyadvadāmīti tadayuktam / atha bhavadvacanaṃ mithyaiva / śeṣaṃ pūrvavat / yad (bhavato)ktaṃ mama vacanamasiddhamiti tadidānīṃ (bhavatā sārdhaṃ) vicārya nirdhāryate / yadi vacanamasiddhaṃ, tadā tadeva vacanamasiddham / yadi vacanasyāsiddhatvaṃ, tadā vacanameva na prāptam / atha vacanaṃ na prāptaṃ, kathaṃ bhavatocyate mayā yaduktaṃ tadasiddhamiti / atha vacanaṃ prāptaṃ tatsidvameva syāt / yadi maduktamasiddhamiti bhavatocyate tadayuktam / yadi sarvaṃ vacanamasiddha, tarhi bhavaduktaṃ mama khaṇdanamapyasiddham / yadi bhavaduktaṃ khaṇḍanamasiddhaṃ na syāt, tarhi mama vacanamapi naivāsiddham / yadi (bhavato)cyate maduktamasiddhaṃ tadayuktam / yadasiddhaṃ tatsvata eva siddham / tasmānnāstyasiddham / yadyasiddha na svataḥ siddhaṃ, tadāsiddhaṃ na syāt / yadi siddhaṃ, nāstyasiddhaṃ, tato yad (bhavato)ktaṃ maduktamasiddhamiti tanniravakāśam / yadi bhavatocyate mama khaṇḍanamananubhāṣaṇameva tadā na mama matasyopalabdhi / (tś 7) atha nopalabhyate mama mataṃ, tato mama khaṇḍanaṃ kartuṃ na śakyate / tadidānīṃ (bhavatā sārdhaṃ)vicārya nirdhāryate / yadi bhavān matkhaṇḍanaṃ nānubhāṣate, tadā bhavān khaṇḍanaṃ vaktuṃ na śaknoti / kiṃ punarmanyate bhavān khaṇḍanamananubhāṣya khaṇḍanaṃ śakyaṃ, athavā khaṇḍanamanubhāṣya khaṇḍanaṃ śakyam / yadi tāvad (bhavān) ananubhāṣya (khaṇḍanaṃ vaktuṃ śaknoti), ahamapyananubhāṣya khaṇḍanaṃ vaktuṃ śaknuyām / athavā khaṇḍanamanubhāṣya khaṇḍanaṃ vaktuṃ śakyaṃ, tadā sadaiva khaṇḍanānubhāṣaṇam syāt / kutaḥ? khaṇḍanātpunaḥ khaṇḍanasyotpannatvāt / tadā khaṇḍanānavasthā / na ca sa kālo vidyate yatra na khaṇḍanānubhāṣaṇam / [ataḥ] yatra khaṇḍanaṃ vaktuṃ śakyate sa kālo nāsti /

aparañca khaṇḍanamiti khaṇḍanānnāma / yadi tatkhaṇḍanānubhāṣaṇānnāma khaṇḍanamiti vaktuṃ śakyate, ananubhāṣya tu khaṇḍanamiti vaktuṃ ja śakyate / tataḥ pūrvakhaṇḍanasya nāma paścādanubhāṣaṇaṃ prāptam / paravartikhaṇḍanaṃ nāma na tāvadanubhāṣaṇaṃ prāpnoti / tṛtīyantu dvitīyasya khaṇḍanasya nāmānubhāṣaṇaṃ prāptam / caturthaṃ tṛtīyasya khaṇḍanasya nāmānubhāṣaṇaṃ prāptam / iti sadānubhāṣaṇādanavasthā / ananubhāṣya khaṇḍanaṃ nāma vaktuṃ śakyamiti ced, ananubhāṣyāpi tataḥ prathamaṃ khaṇḍanaṃ nāma vaktuṃ śakyam / prathamaṃ khaṇḍanam nāmānanubhāṣya khaṇḍanaṃ nāma vaktuṃ śakyamiti cet, dvitīyamapi khaṇḍanaṃ nāmānanubhāṣya khaṇḍanaṃ nāma vaktuṃ śakyate / dvitīyaṃ khaṇḍanaṃ nāmānanubhāṣya khaṇḍanamiti vaktuṃ śakyata iti cet, prathamaṃ khaṇḍanaṃ (tś 8) nāmāpyananubhāṣya khaṇḍanaṃ nāma vaktuṃ śakyeta / kintu prathamaṃ khaṇḍanaṃ nāmāvaśyamanubhāṣyam / tasmātkhaṇḍanaṃ nāma vaktuṃ śakyate / atha dvitīyaṃ khaṇḍanaṃ nāmāpyavaśyamanubhāṣyaṃ, tadā khaṇḍanaṃ nāma vaktuaṃ śakyate natvananubhāṣya vaktavyam / yadi punaḥ khaṇḍanamananubhāṣya vadet, khaṇḍanasya nigrahasthānāpattiḥ / yadi bhavān svakhaṇḍanaṃ nānubhāṣate, tato bhavaduktakhaṇḍanasya nigrahasthānāpattiḥ / yadi bhavān khaṇḍanamananubhāṣya khaṇḍanaṃ vadet, khaṇḍanaṃ vadaṃśca nigrahasthāne na patet, tadāhamapi khaṇḍanamananubhāṣya khaṇḍanaṃ vadanna nigrāhyaḥ / kiñca yadā bhavadvacanaṃ mama[mataṃ] khaṇḍayati, tadāhamanubhāṣe / yadā tvahaṃ bhavanmataṃ khaṇḍayāmi tadā bhavānapyanubhāṣate / atha parasparānubhāṣaṇaṃ, na tadā khaṇḍanapratiṣṭhāpanam / yadi parasparānubhāṣaṇaṃ, tadā samyagarthahāniḥ / yathā potāvanyonyasambadvau samudravelāsamaye parasparasaṃgharṣeṇa dolāyamānau /

aparañca / sarve śabdā yadā mukhānnirgatāstadā naṣṭā eveti kathaṃ madvacanānubhāṣaṇam? / atha śabdo vināśadharmā / apunarāgamanātpunarbhāṣaṇamaśakyam / atha śabdaḥ sthitiśīlastadānubhāṣaṇamaśakyaṃ, nityatvāt / naṣṭa iti cen, na kiñcidanubhāṣitavyaṃ tadabhāvāt / śabdo naṣṭa iti cet, tvadanubhāṣaṇāyaitanme vacanamiti yadbhavān bravīti sa kutarka eva /

yad (bhavato)ktaṃ madvacanaṃ pūrva, [bhavata] khaṇḍanaṃ tu paścāditi tadidānīṃ (bhavatā sārdhaṃ) vicārya nirdhāryate / yadi madvacanaṃ pūrvaṃ, khaṇḍanantu paścāditi tanyāyyam / kuta iti (tś 9) cen, madvacanaṃ pūrvaṃ bhavadvacanaṃ tu paścāditi / yadyasmadvacanaṃ paravartivacanaṃ khaṇḍayati, tato 'smadartho viśiṣyate bhavadvacanasya tu hāniḥ / kiñca yadyucyate bhavatā sarvāṇi vacanāni pūrvavartīni khaṇḍanantu paravartīti, tadā bhavānapi pūrvameva vacanaṃ vadatīti paścātkhaṇḍanaṃ bhavet / yadi bhavadvacanasya pūrvavartitve 'pi paścātkhaṇḍanaṃ nāsti, tarhi madvacanasya pūrvavartitve 'pi, paścātkhaṇḍanaṃ na syāt / yacca khaṇḍanaṃ pūrvasya paravartīti svabhāvataḥ pūrvasya khaṇḍanaṃ na paścādasti / yadi svabhāvata eva pūrvasya khaṇḍanaṃ paścāt syāt, tadā pūrvaṃ paścādityubhe na syātām / tasmādyadbhavatoktaṃ pūrvasya khaṇḍanaṃ parabhāvīti tadayuktam / yadi svabhāvataḥ pūrvasya khaṇḍanaṃ na paścāt / hetvabhāvāt / tadā pūrvasyāpi khaṇḍanaṃ parabhāvi na bhavet / yadbhavatoktaṃ madvacanaṃ pūrvaṃ, khaṇḍanaṃ tu parabhāvi tanmithyā /

yadabhihitaṃ bhavatā, mayā hetvantaramuktamiti tadidānīṃ (bhavatā sārdhaṃ) vicārya nirdhāryate / yadi pūrvahetuṃ parityajya hetvantarapratiṣṭhāpanānnigrahasthānamāpadyate, tadā bhavān nigrahasthānamāpannaḥ / kathamiti ced, bhavatā pūrvahetuṃ parityajya hetvantarapratiṣṭhāpanāt / yadi hetvantarapratiṣṭhāpanādbhavato na nigrahasthānatvāpattistadā mamāpi tathā / kiñca maduktahetuto bhavaduktahetorbhedaḥ / yadyanyaṃ hetuṃ vadāmi tanmama nyāyyam / yadyanyaṃ hetuṃ na vadeyaṃ, tato bhavaddhetuṃ vadeyam / tato na pratipakṣatayā virodho 'pi tvāvayostulyavacanataiva / yadi sadṛśa eva heturāvābhyāṃ pratiṣṭhāpitaḥ, tadā bhavānasmaddhetuṃ khaṇḍayatīti svahetumeva khaṇḍayati /

api ca yadi sarvāṇi vacanāni hetvantarāṇi syustadābhavaduktāni vacanānyapi hetvantarāṇi bhaveyuḥ / tataśca bhavato nigrahasthānāpattiḥ / atha vacanānyuccārayannapi na bhavān nigrāhyastarhi yadbhavatoktaṃ hetuṃ pratiṣṭhāpayannahaṃ nigrāhya iti tadayuktam /

yadbhavatoktamarthāntaraṃ vadāmīti tadidānīṃ (bhavatā sārdhaṃ) vicāryaṃ nirdhāryate / anyā me pratijñā, anyā ca bhavata iti yattannyāyyameva / athāhaṃ bhavataḥ pratipakṣatayā virodhītyarthāntaraṃ bravīmi / yadi matamasmadartho bhavadarthādananyastadāsmadartho bhavadarthapratipakṣatayā na virudvo / yadi bhavānasmadarthaṃ khaṇḍayati, tarhi bhavataḥ svārthasyaiva khaṇḍanaṃ bhavet / yadarthāntaraṃ na tatsvayamarthāntarama / tasmānnāstyarthāntaram / yadi tvarthāntaraṃ svayamevārthāntaraṃ, na tadārthāntaram / tasmādyadbhavatoktamahamarthāntaraṃ vadāmīti na yuktam / aparañca yaduktaṃ sarvaṃ tadarthāntarañcettadā bhavaduktamapyarthāntaraṃ bhavet / yadi bhavaduktamarthāntaraṃ na bhavettadā yadbhavatā pratijñātaṃ sarvamarthāntaramiti tadayuktam /

yad (bhavato)ktamahaṃ pūrvacanādananyadvacanaṃ vadāmīti tadidānīṃ (bhavatā sārdhaṃ) vicārya nirdhāryate / asmatpratijñā bhavatpratijñāyāḥ pratipakṣabhāvena viruddhā / yadasmatpratijñā bhavatpratijñāyāḥ pratipakṣabhāvena virudvā, tannyāyyam / kuta iti cet / sarvatrāhaṃ bhavadarthakhaṇḍanārthaṃ vadāmi, tasmādasmadvacanamananyat / yadi mayārthāntaramuktaṃ, tarhi bhavatpratijñāsmadarthādanyā / yadyahamarthāntaraṃ vadāmi tadā (tś 11) bhavadarthaṃ vadāmi / evantāvannāhaṃ bhavadviruddo / tataśca yadi bhavān māṃ khaṇḍayati, tarhi svārthasyaiva khaṇḍanam /

anyacca / yathā mayā pūrvamuktamanityaḥ śabda iti / etāni vacanāni vināśasvabhāvāni kṣayasvabhāvāni ca / idānīmanyadvacanamuccaryate / tataśca yadbhavatoktaṃ bhavān pūrvavacanaṃ vadatīti tanmithyā /

aparañca / yadbhavatoktaṃ maduktamananyaditi / tatra yadyahamanyadvadāmi tadā tadanyayat / yadyahamananyadvadāmi tadananyat / yadyahaṃ tadvadaṃstanna sādhayituṃ śaknomi, tadā yadbhavatoktamananyaditi tadyuktam / yacca (bhavato)ktaṃ mayā sarvamuktaṃ nānujñāyata iti tadidānīṃ (bhavatā sārdhaṃ) vicārya nirdhāryate / sarvaṃ nānujñāyata iti yaduktaṃ bhavatā etadvacanaṃ sarvasminnantarbhavati na vā? / yadi tāvatsarvasminnantarbhavati tadā bhavān svayaṃ svoktaṃ nānujānāti / yadi svayaṃ nānujānātyasmadarthaḥ svata eva siddho bhavedbhavavacanasya tu hāniḥ syāt / atha sarvasminnāntarbhavati tadā tasya sarvatvameva na syāt / yadi sarvatvameva na bhavet, tadā bhavatā yadananujñātaṃ tatsarvam / yadi sarvamananujñātaṃ tadāsmadartho bhavatā naivānanujñātaḥ / asmadarthaḥ siddho bhavatastu sarvasya pratiṣedhaḥ /

iti prathamaṃ prakaraṇam /

atha dvitīyaṃ prakaraṇam /

(śāstramāha) khaṇḍanasya trividhadoṣāpattiḥ / viparīnakhaṇḍanamasatkhaṇḍanaṃ viruddhakhaṇḍanañceti / yadi khaṇḍanametattrividhadoṣopetaṃ tadā nigrahasthānam /

[tatra] viparītakhaṇḍanam / yadi pratiṣṭhāpitaṃ khaṇḍanaṃ samyagarthena na saṃyuktaṃ syāttadā tadviparītakhaṇḍanamityucyate / viparītakhaṇḍanaṃ daśavidham / (1)sādharmyakhaṇḍanam (2) vaidharmyakhaṇḍanam (3) vikalpakhaṇḍanam (4) aviśeṣakhaṇḍanam (5) prāptyaprāptikhaṇḍanam (6) ahetukhaṇḍanam(7) upalabdhikhaṇḍanam (8) saṃśayakhaṇḍanam (9) anuktikhaṇḍanam (10) kāryabhedakhaṇḍanam /

1. [tatra] sādharmyakhaṇḍanam / vastusādharmyapratyavasthānaṃ sādharmyakhaṇḍanamityucyate /

(śāstramāha) śabdo 'nityaḥ pratyanotpannatvādyathā ghaṭaḥ prayatnotpannaḥ / utpannaśca vinaṣṭaḥ / śabdo 'pi tatheti śabdo 'nitya iti sthāpite prativādī prāha / yadi ghaṭasādharmyācchabdo 'nityastadākāśasādharmyācchabdo nityaḥ syāt / tataścākāśavacchabdo nitya iti / [atra] sādharmyamamūrtatvam /

(śāstraṃ punarāha) śabdo 'nityaḥ prayatnotpannatvāt / yannityaṃ na tatprayatnenotpannaṃ yathākāśaṃ nityaṃ na prayatnenotpannam / śabdastu na tathā / tasmācchabdo 'nitya iti sthāpite prativādī prāha / yadi (śabdasya) nityākāśavaidharmyacchabdo 'nitya iti, tadā kiṃ prāptam? / yadyākāśasādharmyaṃ (tś 13) tato nitya eva śabda iti / sādharmyaṃ cāmūrtatvaṃ tasmānnityaḥ /

(śāstramāha) ete khaṇḍane viparīte 'siddhe ca (khaṇḍane) / kuta iti cet / aikāntikaikarasadharmasthāpanaṃ hi heturiti manyate / sarvadharmāṇāṃ prayatnotpannatvenānityatāvarṇanāt / so 'nityatāvarṇakaheturaikāntikaikarasastasmādanityatānapasaraṇīyaiva / tatsāmānajātīyaṃ cikhyāpayiṣatayā ghaṭādyudāharaṇamuktam /

prativādī tvanaikāntikaikarasārthapratyavasthānena khaṇḍanaṃ bhāṣate yathā yadi bhavān sādharmyeṇa śabdasyānityatāṃ sthāpayati tadāhamapi vaidharmyeṇa śabdasya nityatāṃ pratiṣṭhāpayāmi / yadi ca bhavadarthaḥ siddho mamāpyarthaḥ siddho bhavediti /

(śāstramāha) bhavataḥ khaṇḍanamayuktam / kuta iti cet / bhavatprayuktasya hetoranaikāntikanityatvānityatvāvyāptivarṇanāt / asmābhistrilakṣaṇo hetuḥ sthāpitaḥ / tadyathā pakṣadharmmaḥ sapakṣasatvaṃ vipakṣavyāvṛttiśca / tasmādvetusiddhiranapasaraṇīyā / bhavaddhetustu na tathā tasmādbhavatkhaṇḍanaṃ viparītam / yadi bhavatā pratiṣṭhāpito heturasmaddhetutulyobhavettadā samyakkhaṇḍanaṃ sidhyeta / yadyanityatāpratijñā nityatāṃ khaṇḍayati tadā [nityatā-] khaṇḍanasiddhiḥ / kuta iti cet / nityatāsthāpakahetunānityatāsthāpakahetuḥ khaṇḍyate cet, tadānityatāviparyāsadoṣo vyaktīkartuṃ na śakyata iti prasiddham / nityatāhetoranaikāntikaikarasatvādanityatāhetoraikāntikaikarasatvācca /

2. vaidharmyakhaṇḍanam / vastuvaidharmyapratyavasthānaṃ vaidharmyakhaṇḍanamityucyate /

(śāstramāha) anityaḥ śabdaḥ / kasmāt? kṛtakatvāt / yat kṛtakaṃ tadanityam / yathākāśaṃ nityamakṛtakatvāt / śabdasya tathātvābhāvācchabdo 'nityaḥ /

prativādī prāha / yadi śabdo nityākāśavidharmyādanitya iti, tadā kiṃ prāptam / yadi ghaṭavaidharmyaṃ śabdasya, tadā sa nitya iti / tadvaidharmyamamūrtatvam / ghaṭo mūrtastasmādghaṭo 'nityaḥ śabdastu nityaḥ /

(śāstramāha) śabdo 'nityaḥ kṛtakatvāt / yathā ghaṭo 'nityaḥ kṛtakatvāt, tathā śabdo 'pi /

prativādī prāha / yadi ghaṭasādharmyācchabdasyānityatā bhavatā sthāpitā, tadā kiṃ prāptam? / śabdo nitya eva ghaṭavaidharmyādvaidharmyamamūrtatvam / ghaṭastu mūrtaḥ /

(śāstramāha) viparīta ete khaṇḍane / kuta iti cet / asmatsthāpitānityatāhetoraikāntikaikarasatvāt / bhavatpratiṣṭhāpitanityatāhetostvanaikāntikaikarasatvānnityatvānityatvavyāptivarṇanāt / tasmādaniścitaheturaikāntikahetuṃ khaṇḍayituṃ na śaknoti / yo 'smābhiḥ sthāpito hetuḥ kṛtakatvācchabdo 'nitya iti tasya (hetoḥ) pakṣadharmmaḥ sapakṣasattvaṃ vipakṣavyāvṛttiśca / trayalakṣaṇasampannatvāt so 'napasaraṇīyaḥ / yaḥ punarbhavatpratiṣṭhāpito hetuḥ śabdo nityo 'mūrtatvāditi tasya pakṣadharmaḥ sapakṣe vipakṣe ca vartata ityasiddho hetuḥ /

3. vikalpakhaṇḍanam / sādharmye vaidharmyapratyavasthānaṃ vikalpakhaṇḍanamucyate /

(śāstramāha) śabdo 'nityaḥ pratyatnenotpannatvādghaṭavaditi śabdasyānityatā /

prativādī prāha / bhavāñchabdasya prayatnenotpannatvādghaṭavatsādharmyaṃ sthāpayati / asti punastadvaidharmyam / pakkatvamapakvatvaṃ, cākṣuṣatvamacākṣuṣatvamityādi evaṃ ghaṭaśabdayoḥ pratyekaṃ viśeṣaḥ / śabdaḥ prayatnenotpannatvānnityaḥ ghaṭastu prayatnenotpanno 'pyanityaḥ / tasmācchabdo nityaḥ /

viparītametatkhaṇḍanam / kuta iti cet / asmatsthāpitaheturanityatāvyāvṛtto nityatāvyāvṛttaḥ / etaddhetusthāpanamanityatānumānārtham / yathāgnyanumānārthaṃ dhūmaḥ prayujyate / dhūmo hyagnyavyāvṛttaḥ / tasmādasmatsthāpitahetuḥ sidvo 'napasaraṇīyaśca /

bhavatā śabdasyāpakva iti viśeṣaṇaṃ prayujyate / tataśca nitya iti / tadecchādveṣaduḥkhasukhavāyvādīnyapakvāni na punaretāni nityāni / tasmādapakvatvaṃ nityatāhetutvena na pratiṣṭhāpayitavyam / na cācākṣuṣatvamapi nityatāhetutvena pratiṣṭhāpayitavyam / kuta iti cet / icchadveṣaduḥkhasukhavāyvādīnyacākṣuṣāṇi na punarnityāni / bhavaddhetuḥ sapakṣe vipakṣe ca vartate tasmādasādhakaḥ / bhavaddheturmama (heto) stulyo matpratijñāyāśca khaṇḍanāsamartha iti cet / asmatsthāpanaṃ trividhahetusamāśritaṃ tasmādatulyam / yadatulyaṃ tulyamiti bhavatoktaṃ tasmādbhavataḥ khaṇḍanaṃ viparītam /

4. aviśeṣakhaṇḍanam / ekasādharmyakhyāpanātsarvasyāviśeṣeṇa pratyavasthānamaviśeṣakhaṇḍanamucyate /

śabdo 'nityaḥ kāraṇabhedena śabdasya bhedāddīpavat / (tś 16) yadi vartikā mahatī jyotirmahat / yadi vartikā kṣudrā jyotirapi kṣudram, iti sthāpite / prativādī prāha yadi sādharmyādyathā ghaṭādyanityaṃ śabdo 'pi tathā syāttadā sarvasya sarveṇāviśeṣaprasaṅgaḥ / kuta iti cet / sarvasya sarveṇa sādharmyāt / sādharmyaṃ kiṃ punaścet / sattaikatvaṃ prameyatvamityetat sādharmyamucyate / sadharmāṇyapi sarvāṇi vastūni viśeṣṭavastubhyo bhinnānīti cecchabdo 'pi tathā / ghaṭādisadharmāpi śabdo nityo ghaṭastvanityaḥ / kuta iti cet / sattvādisādharmye 'pi svabhāvaviśeṣasambhavāt / yathā dīpaḥ śabdo manuṣyo 'śva ityādi / iti sādharmyasamāśritamanumānamasiddham /

viparītametatkhaṇḍanaṃ kuta iti cet / sarveṣāṃ na mayā sattvādisādharmyaṃ pratiṣidvamapi tu teṣāṃ viśeṣa evāvadhāryate / sādharmyasampattitraividhyamanityatāṃ sthāpayati / taccāsmābhiranityatāsādhanāyocyate na tu sādharmyamātramupādīyate na khalvasti sā kāpi yuktiryā naivaṃ vicāryate / kasmāditi cet / naikamapi vidyate tādṛśaṃ yadanyavastuno na sadṛśaṃ na ca viśiṣṭaṃ syāt / tasmādyadi sādharmyamasti tadā tatsapakṣavarti sarvavipakṣavyāvṛttam / yadi tadupādānena hetusthāpanaṃ, siddho hetureṣa / sādharmyamātreṇa hetupratiṣṭhāpanaṃ tvasiddhaṃ tasmādviparītam /

punaścānityaḥ śabdaḥ kṛtakatvādghaṭavat / tasmācchabdo 'nityaḥ /

prativādī prāha / hetuḥ pratijñā cābhāvānna bhidyete / ko nāmārtho hetusamutpādasya / hetvasaṃyoge śabdasyānutpāda (tś 17) iti / anutpannatvādabhāva evetyetasyārthaḥ / kathaṃ nāma śabdo 'nitya iti / anutpannaḥ śabda utpattimupalabhata utpanno vinaśyati / vināśāccābhāva evetyetasyārthaḥ / iti hetuḥ pratijñā cābhāvavat /

viparītametatkhaṇḍanam / kuta iti cet / asmatpratijñāyā abhāvaḥ pradhvaṃsābhāvātmakaḥ / asmatsthāpitahetorabhāvaḥ prāgabhāvaḥ / prāgabhāvaḥ sarvalokaprasiddhatvātsiddho 'nityatāhetutvena sthāpitaḥ / pradhvaṃsābhāvaḥ sāṃkhyādyaprasidvatvādasiddhaḥ / artho hi siddhena hetunā sthāpyate /

yadi siddhā pratijñopādīyate 'siddhastu heturbhavataḥ khaṇḍanasya viparyāso 'dhikataro bhavet / sarveṣāṃ vastūnāṃ pūrvamabhūtvā paścādabhāva iti mayoktam / tasmācchabdaḥ pūrvamasaṃścet paścādapyasan / yadi pūrvamasattvaṃ bhavato 'nanujñātaṃ tadaitadbhavatā cintyatām / yadi pūrvaṃ śabdaḥ sanneva na cāsti pratibandhastadā kasmācchrotreṇa nopalabhyate / tasmātpūrvamasattvaṃ nāgapadavaditi jñāyate / yadi kañcidviśiṣṭabuddhirabhimatamarthaṃ sādhayituṃ na śaknoti, iṣṭasādhanaṃ ca na yuktisampannaṃ so 'rtho nirasanīyaḥ /

5. prāptyaprāptikhaṇḍanam / hetuḥ sādhyaṃ prāpnoti na vā? / yadi tāvat sādhyaṃ prāpnoti tadāsādhakaḥ / atha hetuḥ sādhyaṃ na prāpnoti tadāpyasādhakaḥ / etatprāptyaprāptikhaṇḍanamucyate /

prativādī prāha / yadi hetuḥ sādhyaṃ prāpnoti tadā sādhyena saṃsargātsādhyaṃ na sādhayati / yathā nadīvāri samudravāripraviṣṭaṃ na punarnadīvāri, hetustadvadasādhakaḥ / (tś 18) yadi sādhyamasiddhaṃ, tadā heturaprāpakaḥ / yadi prāpakastadā kiṃ siddhasyārthasya hetunā / tasmāddheturasiddhaḥ / atha na prāpnoti tadā so 'nyavastuvadasādhakaṃ, tasmaddheturasiddhaḥ / yadi heturaprāpakastadāsamarthaḥ / yathāgniraprāpya dahanāsamartho 'siścāprāpya chedanāsamarthaḥ /

viparītametatkhaṇḍanaṃ / dvividho hetuḥ / utpattiheturvyañjanahetuśca / yadi bhavataḥ khaṇḍanamutpattihetusamāśritaṃ tadā siddhaṃ khaṇḍanam / yadi vyañjanahetusamāśritaṃ tadā viparītam / kasmāditi cet / uktaṃ mayā yaddhetuḥ sādhyaṃ notpādayatyapi tu parapratipādanārthaṃ sādhyaṃ vyanaktyavyāvṛttatvāt / sādhyasattve 'pi sādhyasya yathārthajñānaṃ na jāyate / kuta iti cet / mohāt / tasmād vyañjanaheturityucyate / yathā rūpasattve 'pi pradīpaprayojanaṃ tadvyañjanārthaṃ na tu tadutpattyartham / tasmādvyañjanahetāvutpattikhaṇḍanaṃ viparītakhaṇḍanam /

6. ahetukhaṇḍanaṃ / traikālye hetorasambhava ityahetukhaṇḍanamucyate /

prativādī prāha / kiṃ hetuḥ sādhyātpūrvaṃ paścādyugapadvā / yadi tāvaddhetuḥ prāk sādhyañca paścāttadāsati sādhye, hetuḥ kasya sādhakaḥ? / atha paścāt, sādhyañca prāk, tadā siddhe sādhye kiṃ hetunā? / atha yugapattadāhetuḥ / yathā yugapatsadbhāvāṅgoḥ śṛṅge dakṣiṇaṃ vāmaṃ vā parasparotpādake ityayuktam / tasmādyaugapadyañcettadā hetutvāsambhavaḥ /

viparītametatkhaṇḍanam / kuta iti cet / yatpūrvaṃ samutpannaṃ (tś 19) tadeva hetunā vyajyate yathā dīpaḥ vidyamānānyeva vastūni vyanakti na tvavidyamānāni vastūnyutpādayati / bhavān punarutpattihetunā me vyañjakahetuṃ khaṇḍayati tasmādviparītametatkhaṇḍanaṃ, na tu siddham /

atha manyase yadyeṣa heturvyañjakaheturbhavati jñānābhāve sa kasya hetuḥ / tasmād vyañjakaheturasiddha iti kṛte khaṇḍane, tadā prāptikriyāsambhave heturnāma nopapadyate kriyāsadbhāve tu heturnāmopapadyate / yadā vyañjanakriyā tadaiva heturnāmopapadyate / taduktaṃ bhavati pūrvaṃ heturnāma nopapadyate paścāttu heturnāmopapadyate / yaccābhihitaṃ hetuḥ prāk kriyā tu paścāditi tadadoṣam / athaivaṃ sati, kriyāyā hetuto 'nutpattiriti cedetat khaṇḍanamasiddham / kasmāditi cet / etatprāgeva [sad] vastu paścāddheturnāmopapadyate / vastuni vinaṣṭe paścāt kriyotpattiriti cet, tadaitatkhaṇḍanaṃ sidhyati na tvevamucyate, pūrvaṃ bhāve 'pi [hetoriti] nāmānupapattiḥ paścāttu nāmopapattiḥ / tasmātphalasya hetuta utpattiḥ /

7. upalabdhikhaṇḍanam / viśiṣṭahetunānityatāvarṇanādeṣo 'heturiti upalabdhikhaṇḍanamucyate /

prativādī prāha / yadi prayatna[ānantarīyaka]tvācchabdo 'nityastadā yatra prayatno na vidyate tatra nityatāprasaṅgaḥ / yathā vidyudvāyvādīnyaprayatna [ānantarīyaka]āṇyanityeṣu cāntarbhūtāni tasmādanityatve sādhye na prayatnamātraṃ samāśrayaṇīyaṃ prayatnasyāsādhanatvāt / sādhanañcedyatra yatra prayatno nāsti tatra tatra nityatāyāḥ sambhavaḥ / yathāgniṃ vinā na dhūmasthitiḥ / dhūmo 'gneḥ saddheturdhūmāgnyoravyatirekāt / (tś 20) prayatnastu na tathā, tasmādasiddho hetuḥ / kiñca prayatno nānityatāsthāpanāsamarthaḥ / kuta iti cet / vyāptyabhāvāt / vyāptisambhave hyanityatāsthāpanopapattiḥ / vyāptyasambhave tvanityatāsthāpanānupapattiḥ / yathā kasyacitpratijñā syāt sarve taravo divyacetanā iti / kasmāditi cet / tarūṇāṃ nidrāsambhavācchirīṣavat / tatrāha khaṇḍayitā / tarūṇāṃ divyacetanāsiddhā / kasmāt? hetorvyāptyabhāvāt / śirīṣa eva svapiti na tvapare taravaḥ / sa svapno na sarvāṃstarūn vyāpnoti tasmātsarveṣāṃ tarūṇāṃ divyacetanatvapratiṣṭhāpane svapno 'samarthaḥ / prayatno 'pi tathā sarveṣāmanityānāmavyāpakatvādanityatāsthāpane 'samarthaḥ //

viparītametatkhaṇḍanam / mayaivaṃ noktam / naitaducyate mayā yatprayatnaḥ sarvānityatākhyāpane samartho heturanye tu hetavo 'samarthāḥ / yadyanyo 'nityatākhyāpane samartho heturvidyate tadāhaṃ sukhī / asmadarthasiddheḥ / asmatsthāpito hetuḥ khyāpanasamarthaḥ, anyo 'pi hetuḥ khyāpanasamarthaḥ / tasmātpratijñā siddhā / yathā dhūmenāgniranumitaḥ / yadi kaścidvadetprabhayāgnirapi siddho 'smadarthe 'pi tathāsambhavaḥ / prayatnotpattiranityatākhyāpanasamarthā / yadyanye 'pi hetavo 'nityatākhyāpanasamarthā, anityatāpi siddhā / tasmādviparītaṃ khaṇḍanaṃ bhavataḥ / asmanmatākhaṇḍanāt / yadyahaṃ bravīmi yadyadanityaṃ tattatsarvaṃ prayatnasamutpannamiti tadā prayatnotpattihetoravyāpitvādasiddhatvamiti bhavatā khaṇḍanaṃ vaktavyam / tadaitacca khaṇḍanaṃ viśiṣyate / yadāhaṃ bravīmi śabdābikamanityaṃ prayatnasamutpannatvāttadā yatsarvamanityaṃ (tś 21) tatprayatnasamutpannamiti nocyate / tasmādviparītaṃ khaṇḍanaṃ bhavataḥ /

8. saṃśayakhaṇḍanam / vipakṣasādharmyātsaṃśayavādena khaṇḍanam /

anityaḥ śabdaḥ prayatnasamutpannatvāt / yadyatprayatnasamutpannaṃ tattadanityaṃ ghaṭavat / iti sthāpite prativādī prāha / yatsamutpannaṃ tatprayatena vyaktaṃ yathā mūlakīlakodakaṃ prayatnena vyaktaṃ na tu prayatnena samutpannam / śabdo 'pi tathā / tasmātprayatnadvārā hetusthāpanamaniyatamanutpanna utpanne ca bhāvāt / tasmāt taṃ hetumāśritya śabde saṃśayotpattiḥ / kathaṃ ca śabdo 'vadhāryate? kiṃ ghatavadasamutpannaḥ samutpadyate mūlakīlodakavatsamutpanno vā vyajyate? tasmadanaikāntikatā / tasmādutpattihetoḥ saṃśayotpādakatvādasādhakatvamiti jñeyam / kasmāt / utpādakatvād vyaktīkaraṇācca /

viparītametatkhaṇḍanam / kuta iti cet / noktamasmābhiryacchabdaḥ prayatnena vyaktaḥ / api tu yataḥ prayatnena samutpannastasmācchabdo 'nitya iti / punarbhavatā kiṃ khaṇḍyate / yadi (bhavato)cyate prayatnakāryaṃ dvividhamutpattirabhivyaktiśca / utpattirghaṭādivadabhivyaktirmūlakīlo dakādivat / śabdo 'pi prayatnakāryaḥ / tasmāttasmin nityatānityatāsaṃśayotpattiriti / tadayuktam / kuta iti cet / mūlakīlodakāderaprayatnakāryatvāt / mūlakīlodakābhivyaktiḥ prayatnakāryyeti cet / etadasmanmataṃ na khaṇḍayati / abhivyaktiranutpannā prayatnenotpatti labhate / tasmātprayatnakāryamekavidhaṃ sadaivanityatvāditi bhavatkhaṇḍanamayuktam / (tś 22) atha manyase yatprayatna-[kāryaṃ] taddvidham / anityaṃ nityañca / ghaṭotpattiranityā ghaṭadhvaṃso nityaḥ / śabdo 'pi tatheti / eṣa saṃśayo 'yuktaḥ / kasmāt? asiddhatvāt / yadi bhavato ghaṭadhvaṃsasya dhvaṃse sadbhāvastataḥ sadbhāvāddhvaṃsābhāvaḥ syāt / yadi dhvaṃse 'bhāvastadā dhvaṃso 'bhāva eva / kuta iti cet / bhāvābhāvāt / andhakāravat / andhakāre jyotiṣo 'bhāvaḥ tasmādandhakāraḥ / dhvaṃso 'pi tathā / dhvaṃse bhāvābhāvaḥ tasmāddhvaṃsabhāva iti cet / tadayuktaṃ khapuṣpabandhyāputraśaśaviṣāṇeṣu bhāvābhāvātteṣāmapi sadbhāvaprasaṅgaḥ / yadi khapuṣpādīnāṃ sadbhāvo bhavatā nānujñāyate, tadā ghaṭadhvaṃsasyāpi tathātvam / tasmātsadbhāva iti na vaktavyam / tasmātprayatnakāryamekavidhaṃ sadaivānityatvāt / tasmādayukto bhavataḥ saṃśayaḥ / apratipattiścedbhavataḥ pratipādanārthamahaṃ vyañjanahetuṃ vadāmi / anityaḥ śabdaḥ / kasmāt / prāgvyavadhānābhāvātprayatnenotpattiniṣpattiḥ / tasmādanityaḥ śabdo ghaṭavaditi jñātam / yatprayatnenopalabhyate yacca prayatnena kriyate tadubhayaṃ bhinnamiti bhavatā pratiṣṭhāpitam / tadayuktam / ko 'yamartho yatprayatnenopalabhyate tadanityamiti / kasmāt / yasmādanutpannaṃ samutpadyate samutpannañca vinaśyati / tasmānmūlakīlodakādestathāpyanityatāsambhavaḥ / yaccocyate yadabhivyaktaṃ nityamiti tasya kiṃ prayojanam /

9. anuktikhaṇḍanam / pūrvamanuktatvādanityatābhāva etadanuktikhaṇḍanam /

pratijñā pūrvavat / prativādī prāha / prayatna iti vacanaṃ śabdasyānityatāheturiti cettadā kiṃ prāpyate? (tś 23) prayatna ityanukte tadā śabdo nityaḥ / etadeva prāpyate, pūrvakāle nitye sati kathamadhunānityaḥ syāt /

viparītametatkhaṇḍanam / kasmāt / asmābhiḥ sthāpito heturabhivyaktyartho notpattyartho na vā vināśārthaḥ / yadyasmatsthāpitasya hetorvināśaḥ syāttadā bhavatkhaṇḍanaṃ viśiṣyeta / yadā heturmayānuktastadā śabdasyānityatānabhivyakteti cedbhavatkhaṇḍanam / etatkhaṇḍanābhāsa eva / yadi vināśahetunā mām khaṇḍayati bhavān tadviparītakhaṇḍanaṃ syāt /

10. kāryabhedakhaṇḍanam- kāryyabhedād ghaṭavatacchabda iti na vaktavyam / etat kāryabhedakhaṇḍanamucyate /

anityaḥ śabdaḥ kṛtakatvād ghaṭavaditi sthāpite prativādī prāha ghaṭaśabdayoḥ kāryabhedaḥ / kāryabhedāt tulyānityatānupapattiḥ /

viparītametatkhaṇdanam / kasmāt? / anitya śabdo ghaṭasamānakāryatvāditi noktaṃ mayā / api tu sarvāṇi vastūni tulyena nyāyena kṛtakatvād anityānītyevamuktam / na tu samānakāryāpekṣatvād ghaṭavacchabdo 'nitya iti / dhūmo bhinno 'pyagnivyañjakaḥ / ghaṭo 'pi tathā śabdasyanityatāvyañjakaḥ /

anyacca paraṇoktaṃ kāryaviśeṣakhaṇḍanam / anyadasti yenocyate nityaḥ śabda ākāśasamāśritatvāt / ākāśo nityaḥ / yatkiñcidākāśasamāśritaṃ tannityam / yathā paramāṇoḥ pārimāṇḍalyam / paramāṇurnityaḥ pārimāṇḍalyañca paramāṇusamāśritaṃ, tasmātpārimāṇḍalyaṃ nityam / śabdo 'pi tadvadākāśasamāśritatvānnityaḥ / anyacca / nityaḥ śabdaḥ / kasmāt / śrāvaṇatvāt / yathā śabdatvaṃ (tś 24) śravaṇagrāhyaṃ nityañca, tathā śabdo 'pi tasmānnityaḥ / etatpratijñāntaram /

vaiśeṣika āha / yadi nityaṃ hetunā sthāpyate, tato hetukriyatvādanityam / tasmācchabdo 'nityaḥ /

viparītametatkhaṇḍanam / kasmāt? na mayoktaṃ hetunā nityatotpanneti, api tu heturanityatāṃ vyanakti / parasyājñānātparasya pratipādanārthamasmatsthāpitaheturvyañjanaheturna tvutpattihetuḥ / bhavatkhaṇḍanamutpattihetoreva / tasmādviparītam /

kiñca pratijñākhaṇḍane bhavadukte na mayānujñāte / kuta iti cet / nāsmābhiranityateṣṭā pratītā vā / tasmādukto mayaiṣo 'rthaḥ /

etaddaśavidhaṃ viparītakhaṇḍanamucyate / viparyayeṇa taddoṣasthāpanāt / yadi khaṇḍanaṃ tattulyaṃ bhavettadā viparītakhaṇḍanāpattiḥ /

aparamasatkhaṇḍanam / mithyāvacanādasat / mithyāvacanaṃ tvayathārthamanarthakañca / etaducyate 'satkhaṇḍanam / asatkhaṇḍanaṃ trividhamavarṇya(vyañjaka) khaṇḍanamarthāpatti(vyañjaka)khaṇḍanaṃ, pratidṛṣṭa(ārthavyañjaka)khaṇḍanañca /

1. avarṇya(vyañjaka)khaṇḍanam /

pratyakṣaviṣaye yaddhetvanveṣaṇaṃ tadavarṇyakhaṇḍanamucyate /

anityaḥ śabdaḥ / kuta iti cet / kṛtrimatvādghaṭavaditi sthāpite prativādī prāha / asmābhirdṛṣṭaṃ yadghaṭaḥ kṛtrimaḥ / kena hetunā tadanityatānumīyate / yadi hetuṃ vinā (tś 25) ghaṭasya nityatā sthāpitā śabdo 'pi nityetāhetumantareṇa nityo bhavet /

asattatkhaṇḍanam / kasmāt? / yat[pūrvameva]pratītaṃ na tasya hetunā sādhanam / yadi pratīyate yadvaṭaḥ sahetuko 'nityaśceti kimanityatāhetvanmveṣaṇena / tasmādasadetatkhaṇḍanam /

2. arthāpatti(vyañjaka)khaṇḍanam / vipakṣe 'rthāpattiretadarthāpattikhaṇḍanam /

ātmā na vidyate / kuta iti cet / anabhivyaktatvādvandhyāputravaditi sthāpite prativādī prāha / tadetadarthādāpattiryadyabhivyaktaṃ sadanabhivyaktaṃ tvasaditi / athābhivyaktaṃ kadācitsatkadācidasa / anabhivyaktaṃ tadvat / alātacakramarīcigandharvanagaravat / tadabhivyaktam / tatsadbhāvasthāpanaṃ tvaśakyam / yadyabhivyaktasya sadbhāvasthāpanamaśakyaṃ tadānabhivyaktasyāsadbhāvapratiṣṭhāpanaṃ [sutarāma] śakyam /

asattatkhaṇḍanam / ko 'sau nyāyo yenaitadarthādāpattirbhavet / yadanabhivyaktaṃ tadatyantamasaditi naitadarthādāpadyate / abhivyaktaṃ dvividhamanarthāpattirarthāpattiśca / yadi vṛṣṭirbhavati tadā meghenāpi bhavitavyam / meghe satyapi tu kadācidṛṣṭirbhavati kadācinna bhavatītyanaikāntikatā / dhūmenāgneranumānam / nātrārthādāpattiḥ / dhūme dṛṣṭe satyagniranumīyate dhūme tvasati agnerabhāvaḥ / anarthāpattiriyam / kasmāditi cet / taptāyaḥpiṇḍe lohitāṅgāre ca dhūmābhāve 'pya 'gneḥ sadbhāvaḥ / tasmādabhivyakteṣvarthāpattikhaṇḍanamabhūtam /

anyacca / rūpamevālātacakramarīcigandharvanagarāṇīti pratibhātīndriyabhramāccittaviparyāsena / tacca vartamāna eva (tś 26) sadanāgate tvasat / rūpamātramindriyabhramāccittaviparyāsena kadācit sad[vastīva] prakāśate / yaduktaṃ bhavatābhivyaktasya sattvamanaikāntikaṃ tadayuktam / kiñca bandhyāputradṛṣṭāntenāyamevārtho mayā niścīyate / yadabhivyaktisthānānna prabhraṃśate tadvastvabhāva eva / bandhyāutravat / yaccānabhivyaktisthānātprabhraṃśate naiṣo me dṛṣṭāntaḥ / aṇvākāśādiṣu tu kadācidabhivyaktiḥ kadācidanabhivyaktiḥ / bhavadarthāpattiḥ prati mayārthāpattiruktā / yadabhivyaktisthānādekāntena prabhraṃśate tadvastu sadeva / alātacakrādiṣu cakramevānaikāntikam / tacca cakrasyānaikāntikatā yat pravartanakāle sat, sthitikāle cāsat / tasmāt neyamarthāpattiḥ / anarthāpattāvarthāpattikhaṇḍanaṃ cedetat khaṇḍanamasat / punaranyathāpyarthāpattikhaṇḍanaṃ vadanti / yadi ghaṭasādharmyādanityaḥ śabda ityarthādāpannaṃ tadāsādharmyānnityaḥ / asādharmyaṃ yacchabdaḥ śravaṇagrāhyo 'mūrtaśca ghaṭastu cakṣurgrāhyo mūrtaśca / asādharmyācchabdo nityaḥ /

evaṃvidhakhaṇḍanaṃ sādharmyakhaṇḍanato 'rthāpattikhaṇḍanāviśeṣānna mayānujñātam /

3. pratidṛṣṭāntakhaṇḍanam / pratidṛṣṭāntabalāt sādhanam / etaducyate pratidṛṣṭānta (vyañjaka) khaṇḍanam /

anityaḥ śabdo 'nityaghaṭasādharmyāditi cet / tadāhamapi tasya nityatāṃ vyaktīkaromi / yathā nityākāśasādharmyānnityaḥ śabdaḥ / yadi nityatāsādharmyānnityatāprāptistadānityatāsādharmyātkathamanityatā /

asattatkhaṇḍanam / kuta iti cet / abhāvamātra vastvākāśamucyate / (tś 27) yadi sato nityavaṃ siddhastadā dṛṣṭāntaḥ sada khaṇḍanam / kintvatrāmato nityatā / ākāśamasadvastvera naitannityamanityaṃ vā vaktuṃ śakyate / asiddho dṛṣṭānta etasya khaṇḍanasya / adṛṣṭānte dṛṣṭāntatākalpanāt / tasmādasadetatkhaṇḍanam / yadi kaścinmanyate sadvastvevākāśo nityaśca / etadviparītakhaṇḍanaṃ natu satkhaṇḍanam / kasmāt? / amūrtatvasyanaikāntikatvāt / ākāśo 'mūrto nityaśca cittasukhaduḥkhecchādikantvamūrtamanityam / amūrtaḥ śabdaḥ kimākāśavannityo bhaveccittasukhādivadanityo vā / amūrtatvamanaikāntikatvādasiddho hetuḥ / tasmādviparītametkhaṇḍanam / aparaṃ ca sahetukatvācchabdo 'nityaḥ / vastu sahetukañcet tadānityamiti jñeyaṃ ghaṭādivaditi sthāpite / prativādī prāha / asminnarthe saṃśayaḥ / kasmāditi cet / ghaṭotpādaḥ sahetuko 'nityaḥ / ghaṭadhvaṃsastu sahetuko nityaḥ / śabdasya sahetukatvācchabde saṃśayotpattiḥ / sahetukaghaṭotpādavadanityaḥ sahetukaghaṭadhvaṃsavannityo vā /

asadetkhaṇḍanam / kasmāt? yadyasaddravyaṃ nityamucyate daṇḍāghātavinaṣṭavastūnāmapi nityatāpattiḥ /

kiñca śabdo 'nityaḥ / kutaḥ aindriyakatvāt / ghaṭādivaditi sthāpite / prativādī prāha / atrāpi saṃśayasambhavaḥ / yadyaindriyakaḥ sāmānyavattadā nityatāpattiḥ / yadi śabda aindriyakastadā sāmānyavannityaḥ / yadi sāmānyavanna nityo bhavet, tadā ghaṭadṛṣṭāntenānityo na bhavet /

asadetatkhaṇḍanam / kasmāt / yadi gavādisāmānyaṃ gavādivyatiriktaṃ syāttadā pṛthaktvena grāhyaṃ draṣṭavyañca (tś 28) sāmānyantu gavādivyatiriktaṃ pṛthaktvena gṛhyate na ca dṛśyate / tasmādanityamiti jñeyam /

anyacca / ātmā na vidyate / kuta iti cet / anabhivyaktatvāt / sarpaśravaṇavat / iti sthāpite prativādī prāha / samudrabinduparimāṇaṃ himālayagurutvañca madeva kintvanabhivyakte / ātmano 'pi tathātvasambhavaḥ / sanneva kintvanabhivyaktaḥ / tasmādanabhivyaktiheturnātmābhāvaṃ sthāpayituṃ samarthaḥ /

saṅkhyāparimāṇasya sañcitādapṛthaktvam / tatparimeyasañcitamanukrameṇeyaditīyaditi ca pradarśyate / tatsaṅkhyāparimāṇaṃ smṛtidhāraṇārthaṃ, ekaṃ, daśa, sahasraṃ niyutamityādyucyate / samudrabinduparimāṇasya himālayagurutvasya cāpṛthaktvena satvābhāvāt / yadyaparakhaṇḍanaṃ tatkhaṇḍanasadṛśaṃ taddoṣasthāpanādasatkhaṇḍanamityucyate /

viruddhakhaṇḍanam / arthavisaṃvādakaṃ viruddhamityucyate, yathā prabhāndhakārau sthitigatī visaṃvādake / tadviruddhakhaṇḍanamityucyate /

viruddhakhaṇḍanaṃ trividham / anutpattikhaṇḍanaṃ, nityatākhaṇḍanaṃ, svārthaviruddhakhaṇḍanañca /

1. athānutpattikhaṇḍanam / prāgutpatteḥ prayatnanirapekṣatvānnitya ityanutpattikhaṇḍanam /

prativādī prāha / yadyanityaḥ śabdaḥ prayatna[ānantarīyaka]tvāttadā prāgutpatteraprayatna[ānantarīyaka]tvānnityaḥ /

viruddhaṃ tatkhaṇḍanam / kuta iti cet / utpatteḥ pūrvaṃ śabdo 'sanneva / asaṃścet, kathaṃ nityaḥ / yadi kaścidvadedvandhyāputraḥ (tś 29) kṛṣṇo bandhyāputraḥ śveta iti tadapi siddham bhavet / yadyasannityatānupapattiḥ / yadi nityo 'sattānupapattiḥ / asannityamiti svato viruddham / etadasatkhaṇḍaneṣvarthāpattisamam / kasmāt / asatkhaṇḍanāt / śabdo 'nityaḥ prayatna[ānantarīyakatvā]diti sthāpita etadarthādāpadyate / aprayatna[ānantarīya]katvānnitya iti tadasat / kutaḥ / prayatna[ānantarīya] kaṃ trividham, nityamanityamasacca / nityamākāśavat / anityaṃ vidyudādivat / asadākāśakusumāditiva / etatritayamaprayatna[ānantarīya] kaṃ bhavatā tvekena prakāreṇa nityamiti manyate / tasmādasat /

2. nityatākhaṇḍanam / nityamanityabhāvānnityaḥ śabdaḥ / etannityatākhaṇḍanamucyate /

prativādī prāha / anitye nityamanityatā, sarvadharmāṇāṃ svabhāvānirāsāt / anitye nityamanityatvabhāvānnityatā siddhā /

viruddhametat / kasmāt / yadyanityaṃ nityatālābhaḥ katham / yadi kaścidvadedandhakāre prabhāstīti tadvacanamapi siddhaṃ bhavet / tannaiveti cettato bhavatkhaṇḍanamapi viruddhamasacca / kasmāditi cet / anityateti pṛthagdharmo 'nityena na sambaddhaḥ yo nityo mantavyaḥ / anityatā naiva pṛthagbhāvaḥ / yadyanutpannaṃ vastūtpattiṃ labhata utpannantu vinaśyati tato 'nityamityucyate / anityamasaditi cedyadanityena nityaṃ śthāpitaṃ tasyāpyasattāprasaṅgaḥ /

3. svārthaviruddham / yadi parārthasvaṇḍane svārthahānistadā tatsvārthaviruddhakhaṇḍanamucyate /

anityaḥ śabdaḥ kṛtakatvādaṅkurādivaditi sthāpite / prativādī prāha / yadi heturanityatāṃ prāpnoti tadānityatātulyaḥ / yadyanityatāṃ na prāpnoti tadānityatāsādhanāsamarthaḥ / tasmādasiddho heturiti /

yadi tāvattava khaṇḍanaṃ matpratijñāṃ prāpnoti, matpratijñātulyatve 'smadarthakhaṇḍanāsamartham / atha na matpratijñāṃ prāpnoti tathāpyasmadarthakhaṇḍanāsamartham / tasmādbhavatkhaṇḍane bhavadarthahāniḥ /

prativādī punarāha / yadi hetuḥ pūrvaṃ pratijñā tu paścāt, tadā pratijñābhāve sa kasya hetuḥ / atha pratijñā pūrvaṃ hetustu paścāttadā, siddhāyāṃ pratijñāyāṃ kiṃ hetunetyeṣo 'pyasiddho hetuḥ /

yadi bhavatkhaṇḍanaṃ pūrvamasmatpratijñā tu paścādasmadarthābhāve kiṃ bhavatā khaṇḍyate / yadyasmatpratijñā pūrvaṃ bhavatkhaṇḍanaṃ tu paścāttadāsmatpratijñāyāṃ sthāpitāyāṃ kiṃ bhavatkhaṇḍanena / bhavānasmatkhaṇḍanānujñānādasmatkhaṇḍanopādānena mā khaṇḍayatīti cettadayuktam / kasmāditi cet / mayā prakaṭitaṃ yadbhavatkhaṇḍanaṃ bhavadarthameva pratiṣedhati na tu bhavatkhaṇḍanamavalambyāsmadartho pratiṣṭhāpitaḥ / aparakhaṇḍane tatkhaṇḍanatulye sati taddoṣapratiṣṭhāpanaṃ viruddhakhaṇḍanamucyate /

samyakkhaṇḍanaṃ pañcavidham / iṣṭārthadūṣaṇam, aniṣṭārthavyaktiḥ, prasaṅgavyaktiḥ, viṣamārthavyaktiḥ, marvānyāyasiddhilābhavyaktiḥ /

prativādī prāha / astyātmā saṃghātasya parārthatvāt / (tś 31) yathā śayanāsanādisaṃghātaḥ parārthaḥ / cakṣurādīndriyasaṃghāto 'pi parārthaḥ / parastvātmā / tasmādastyātmeti jñātam /

nāstyātmā / kuta iti cet / ekāntānabhivyaktatvāt / yadekāntānabhivyaktaṃ tadasadeva / yathānīśvarapuruṣasya dvitīyo mūrdhā / dvitīyo mūrdhā rūpagandhādimūrdhākārato na pṛthak mantavyaḥ / tasmādasan / ātmano 'pi tathātvasambhavaḥ / cakṣurādīndriyeṣu na hi sa pṛthagabhivyaktaḥ / tasmādasan / astyātmeti cettadayuktam / tadiṣṭadūṣaṇamucyate /

yadi punarbhavān vadati yadātmalakṣaṇamaviśeṣyaṃ, sa tu sanniti tadā dvitīyo mūrdhaviśeṣyo 'pi sanneva bhavet / dvitīyo mūrdhā sanniti bhavatā cenna pratipādyate tadātmanyapi tathā pratipattavyam / iyamucyate 'niṣṭārthavyaktiḥ /

yadi bhavanmate ubhau tulyamevāviśeṣyau / nyāyāsamāśrayāccātmā sanna punardvitīyo mūrdhā / tadāhamapi nyāyāsamaśrayātsanneva dvitīyo mūrdhā na tvātmeti cedvadeyameṣo 'rthaḥ sidvo bhavet / athāsmadartho na siddho bhavadartho 'pi na sidva ityucyate prasaṅgavyaktiḥ /

anyacca / ātmā dvitīya iva mūrdhāviśeṣyaḥ na tvasanniti cettadā vaiṣamyadoṣo bhavanmūrdhyāpatet / yadi kaścidvadedvandhyāputraḥ sālaṅkāro bandhyāputro niralaṅkāra iti tadapi siddhaṃ bhavet / yadi kaścidevaṃ vadettadā vaiṣamyadoṣāpattiḥ / bhavato 'pi tathātvasambhavaḥ / iyaṃ vaiṣamyadoṣavyaktiḥ / athocyate nyāyāsamāśrayānniyatamevāstyātmā, nyāyāsamāśrayānniyatameva nāsti dvitīyo mūrdheti siddhaṃ ca tadvacanamiti tadā (tś 32) mūrkhabālānyāyavacanānyapi sidhyeyuryathākāśo dṛśyaḥ, śītolo 'gniḥ, grāhyoḥ vāyurityādi mūrkhavacanāninyāyāsamāśritānyapi bhavatsādhyavat siddhāni bhaveyuḥ / asiddhāni cedbhavadartho 'pyevaṃ syāt / iyamucyate sarvānyāyasiddhilābhavyaktiḥ //

iti dvitīyaṃ prakaraṇam /

atha tṛtīyaṃ prakaraṇam /

dvāviṃśatividhā nigrahasthānāpattiḥ / 1 pratijñāhāniḥ, 2 pratijñāntaram, 3 pratijñāvirodha, 4 pratijñāsaṃnyāsaḥ, 5 hetvantaram, 6 arthāntaram, 7 nirarthakam, 8 avijñātārtham, 9 apārthakam, 10 aprāptakālaṃ, 11 nyūnam, 12 adhikam, 13 punaruktam, 14 ananubhāṣaṇam, 15 ajñānam, 16 apratibhā, 17 vikṣepaḥ (vyājairdūṣaṇaparihāraḥ) 18 matānujñā (paradūṣaṇānujñā), 19 paryanuyojyopekṣaṇam (nigrahasthānaprāptasya nigrahasthānāpattyupekṣaṇam), 20 niranuyojyānuyogaḥ (asthāne nigrahasthānābhiyogaḥ), 21 apasiddhāntaḥ, 22 hetvābhāsāśceti dvāviṃśatibidhāni nigrahasthānāni / yadi kasyacinnigrahasthānāpattirbhavet, na punastena saha vādaḥ kartavyaḥ /

1. pratijñāhāniḥ / svapratijñāyāṃ pratipakṣābhyanujñeti pratijñāhāniḥ / nityaḥ śabdaḥ / kasmāt / amūrtatvāt / ākāśavat / iti sthāpite 'paraḥ prāha / śabda ākāśasādharmyannitya iti cettato yadi vaidharmyaṃ syāt, tadānityaḥ / vaidharmyañca śabdasya sahetukatvamākāśasya tvahetukatvamiti / śabda aindriyaka ākāśastvanaindriyakaḥ / tasmācchabdo 'nitya iti pratyavasthita idamāha / sādharmyaṃ vaidharmyaṃ vā na mayā samālocyate / nityasādharmyaṃ tu mayoktam / yadi nityasadharmā tadā nitya iti /

atrāparaḥ / nityasādharmyamanaikāntikam / amūrtānyanityānyapi bastūni vidyante / yathā sukhaduḥkhādīni / tasmādasiddho hetuḥ / vaidharmyaṃ tu sarvamanityaṃ nityavyatiriktamiti niścitaṃ vyanakti / tasmādanityatāsādhane samarthamityukte brūyāt / anityaṃ sahetukam / nityaṃ tvahetukamiti mayāpi pratipāditam / iti pratijñāhāninigrahasthānāpattiḥ / 2. pratijñāntaram / pratijñātārthapratiṣedhe pareṇa kṛte dharmāntaravikalpādarthanirdeśaḥ pratijñāntaramucyate /

nityaḥ śabdaḥ / kasmāt / asparśatvāt / ākāśavaditi sthāpite aparaḥ prāha / asparśatvahetunā nityaḥ śabda iti bhavatā sthāpitam / asparśatvahetuścānaikāntikaḥ / cittecchakrodhādyasparśamapyanityam / śabdo 'pyasparśastasmādanaikāntikatā / ākāśādivannityaścittādivadanityo vetyasparśatvamanaikāntikameva / tasmādbhavaddheturasiddhaḥ / yadi heturasiddhastadā pratijñāpyasiddheti prasiddhamiti pratyavasthita idamāha / śabdo nityatā ceti na mama pratijñā / api tu nityatā śabdena saṃbaddhā, śabdaśca nityatathā sambaddha ityasmatpratijñā / yo mayā nirdiṣṭaḥ śabdaḥ sa rūpādiniṣedhārthaḥ /

yā ca mayā nirdiṣṭā nityatā, sā nityatāniṣedhārthā / nityatā śabdānna vyatiricyate rūpādibhyastu vyatiricyate / śabdo nityatāyā na vyatiricyate śrotragrāhyādikāttu vyatiricyate / yadyasmānna vyatiricyate, tattena sambaddham, eṣāsmatpratijñā / mayā na śabdo na ca nityatā sthāpyate / bhavān punaḥ śabdañca nityatāñca khaṇḍayati (tś 35) na tu mama pratijñāṃ khaṇḍayati / iyamucyate pratijñāntarānagrahasthānāpattiḥ /

3. pratijñāvirodhaḥ / hetupratijñayorvirodhaḥ pratijñāvirodha ityucyate /

prativādī prāha / nityaḥ śabdaḥ / kasmāt / sarvasyānityatvāt / ākāśavat / iti sthāpite 'paraḥ prāha bhavatoktaṃ sarvamanityaṃ tasmānnityaḥ śabda iti / atha śabdaḥ sarvasminnantarbhavati na vā / sarvasminnantarbhavati cet / sarvasyānityatvācchabdo 'pyanityaḥ / sarvasminnāntarbhavati cettadā sarvamityasiddham / kuta iti cet / śabdasyāsaṅgrahāt / hetuvacane pratijñāhāniḥ / pratijñāvacane ca hetuhāniḥ / tasmādbhavato 'rtho 'siddhaḥ / iyaṃ pratijñāvirodhanigrahasthānāpattirucyate /

4. pratijñāsaṃnyāsaḥ / pareṇa svapratijñāpratiṣedhe kṛte saṃnyāso 'samarthaneti pratijñāsaṃnyāsaḥ /

nityaḥ śabdaḥ / kutaḥ / aindriyakatvāt / yathā sāmānyamaindriyakaṃ nityañca / śabdo 'pyaindriyakatvānnityaḥ / iti sthāpite 'paraḥ prāha nityaḥ śabda aindriyakatvāditi bhavatoktam / atha yadaindriyakaṃ tadanityalakṣaṇākrāntaṃ ghaṭādivat / ghaṭo hyaindriyakatvādanityaḥ / tasmācchabdopyanitya iti / yadbhavatoktaṃ sāmānyavannityamiti tadayuktam / tathā hi gavādisāmānyaṃ gavāderabhinnaṃ bhinnaṃ vā / abhinnañced, gaureva san sāmānyaṃ tvasat / bhinnañced, gorvyatiriktaṃ sāmānyaṃ prakāśeta na tu gorvyatiriktaṃ sāmānyaṃ prakāśate tasmāddṛṣṭānto na nityatāsādhakaḥ / pratijñā cāsiddhā / (tś 36) iti dūṣaṇe kṛte prativādī prāha kenaitatsthāpitam / iyaṃ pratijñāsannyāsanigrahasthānāpattirityucyate /

5. hetvantaram / aviśeṣahetau sthāpite paścāddhetvantaroktiriti hetvantaram /

nityaḥ śabdaḥ / kasmāt / dviranabhivyaktatvāt / yannityaṃ tatsarvaṃ sakṛdabhivyaktamākāśavat / śabdasyāpi tathātvam / iti sthāpite 'paraḥ prāha / nityaḥ śabdo dviranabhivyaktatvāt / ākāśavaditi na tveṣa heturyuktaḥ / kuta iti ceddviranabhivyaktasya nityatānaikāntikatvāt / yathā vāyoḥ sparśasya ca sakṛdevābhivaktavāpi vāyuranityaḥ / śabdo 'pi tatheti pratyavasthita idamāha / śabdo vāyuvilakṣaṇaḥ / vāyurhi tvagindriyagrāhyaḥ / śabdastu śravaṇagrāhyaḥ / tasmācchabdo vāyuvilakṣaṇa iti /

atrāparaḥ prāha / pūrvamuktaṃ bhavatā śabdo nityo dviranabhivyaktatvādityadhunā tūcyate śabdo vāyuvilakṣaṇaḥ pṛthagindriyagrāhyatvāditi prathamahetutyāgena bhavata hetvantaraṃ pratiṣṭhāpitam / tasmādbhavato heturasiddhaḥ / iyaṃ hetvantaranigrahasthānāpattirucyate /

6. arthāntaram / prakṛtārthāpratisambaddhārthābhidhānamarthāntaram /

nityaḥ śabdaḥ / kasmāt / rūpādipañcaskandhā daśahetupratyayāḥ / etaducyate arthāntaram /

7. nirarthakam / yadā vāda iṣṭastadā mantrabhāṣaṇamiti nirarthakiam /

8. avijñātārtham / pariṣatprativādibhyāṃ trirabhihitamapyavijñātamityavijñātārtham /

yadi kaściddharmaṃ vakti pariṣattu prativādī ca jijñāsāvapi trirabhihitaṃ jñātumasamarthau / yathā (kaścidvaded) aṇuramūrtaḥ sukhotpādakaḥ duḥkhotpādako 'prāpto sāpakarṣotkarṣaḥ samito 'sannyāso na vināśaḥ / śabdo nityaḥ kasmāt / anityasya nityatvāt / iyamavijñātārthanigrahasthānāpattirucyate /

9. apārthakam / paurvāparyyāsambandho 'pārthakam / yathā kaścidvadet / daśavidhaṃ phalaṃ trividhaḥ kaṃbala ekavidhaṃ pānabhojanametadapārthakamucyate /

10. aprāptakālam / pratijñāyāṃ duṣṭāyāṃ paścāddhetusthāpanamaprāptakālam /

nityaḥ śabdaḥ / yathā pārimāṇḍalyāśrayasya paramāṇornityatvātpārimāṇḍalyaṃ nityaṃ śabdasyāpi tathātvasambhava iti kṛte 'paraḥ prāha / bhavatā nityatāsthāpane heturnoktaḥ, pañcāvayavanyūnavacanasthāpanādbhavadartho 'siddha iti dūṣita idaṃ prāha / asti me heturnāmnā tu noktaḥ / ko 'yaṃ heturiti cet / nityākāśāśrayatvamiti /

atrāparaḥ / yathā gṛhe dagdhe tatparitrāṇāyodakānveṣaṇaṃ tathānavasare 'rtharakṣaṇāya hetusthāpanam / etadaprāptakālamucyate /

11. nyūnam / pañcāvayavā anyatamena hīnā iti nyūnam / pratijñā heturudāharaṇamupanayanaṃ nigamanamiti pañcāvayavāḥ /

yathā (kaścidvadatya) nityaḥ śabda ityayaṃ prathamo 'vayavaḥ / kṛtakatvāditi dvitīyo 'vayavaḥ / yadvastu kṛtakaṃ tadanityaṃ yathā ghaṭaḥ kṛtako 'nityaśceti tṛtīyo 'vayavaḥ / śabdo 'pi tatheti caturtho 'vayavaḥ / tasmācchabdo 'nitya iti pañcamo 'vayavaḥ / pañcāvayavānāmanyatamena nyūnatā nyūnanigrahasthānāpattirityucyate /

12. adhikam / bahuhetūdāharaṇoktiradhikam / yathā (kaścidvade) cchabdo 'nityaḥ / kasmāt? / prayatnānantarīyakatvādamūrtatvādaindriyakatvādutpādavināśābhyāṃ vācyatvāccaitaddhetubāhulyamityucyate / api ca śabdo 'nityaḥ kṛtakatvād ghaṭavatpaṭavatgṛhavatkarmmavat / etaddṛṣṭāntabāhulyamityucyate /

vādī prāha / bhavatā hetūdāharaṇabahulyamuktam / yadyeko hetuḥ sādhanāsamarthastadā kathamekahetuprayogaḥ / atha sādhanasamarthastadā kiṃ hetubāhulyena udāharaṇabahulye 'pi tathātvasambhavaḥ / tadbāhulyokteraprayojanatvāt /

13. punaruktam / punaruktaṃ trividhaṃ, śabdapunaruktaṃ, artha punaruktaṃ, arthāpattipunaruktañca / śabdapunaruktaṃ yathā (kaścidvade) cchakraḥ śakraḥ / arthapunaruktaṃ yathā (kaścidvadet) cakṣurakṣi / arthāpattipunaruktaṃ yathā (kaścidvadet) satyaṃ saṃsāro duḥkhaṃ satyaṃ nirvāṇaṃ sukham / prathamameva vacanaṃ vaktavyaṃ dvitīyaṃ tvaprayojanam / kasmāt / pūrvavacanasya spaṣṭārthatvāt / pūrvavacanasyārtha spaṣṭaśced, dvitīyavacanena kiṃ spaṣṭaṃ bhavet / yadi na kiñcit prakaṭayitavyaṃ tadā tadaprayojanam / etatpunaruktamityucyate /

14. ananubhāṣaṇam / pariṣadā vijñātāyāḥ pratijñāyāstrirabhihitāyā (tś 39) api yadi kaścitpratyuccāraṇāsamarthastadānanubhāṣaṇam /

15. ajñānam / pariṣadā vijñātāyā api pratijñāyāḥ kenacidavijñānamajñānamucyate /

16. apratibhā / yadi parasya pratijñāṃ nyāyavadīkṣate dūṣaṇe cāsamarthastadāpratibhā /

apare tu vadanti / ajñāne 'pratibhāyāñcobhayatrānigrahasthānāpattiḥ / kasmāt? / yadi kaścidarthaṃ na vijānāti dūṣaṇe cāsamarthastena saha vādo na kartavya iti /

ete tvatimande nigrahasthāne / anyeṣu nigrahasthāneṣu, sadoṣasya vacanasya vividhenopāyenoddharaṇaṃ śakyam / atra tūbhayatra na kaścidupāya uddharaṇasamarthaḥ / eṣa manuṣyaḥ pūrvaṃ pāṇḍityagauravaṃ sthāpayati, paścāttu pāṇḍityaṃ prakaṭayitumaśaktaḥ /

17. vikṣepaḥ / svapratijñāyā doṣaṃ jñātvā vyājaiḥ parihāraḥ kāryāntarakathanam / yathāhaṃ svayaṃ rogī, ahaṃ paraṃ roginaṃ draṣṭumicchāmi / tadā tu yadi nāpakrāmati paradūṣaṇanirākaraṇaṃ na kalpayati / kasmāt / bandhusnehāpagamabhayāt / iti vikṣepanigrahasthānāpattirucyate /

18. matānujñā / paradūṣaṇe svapakṣadoṣābhyupagama iti matānujñā / yadi kaścit pareṇa dūṣaṇe kṛte, svapakṣadoṣamanujānāti, yathā mama doṣa evaṃ bhavato 'pītyabhyupagacchan / iyaṃ matānujñocyate /

19. paryanuyojyopekṣaṇam / yadi kaścinnigrahasthānaṃ prāpnuyāt, tasya nigrahāpattyanudbhāvanaṃ taddūṣaṇecchayā tu (tś 40) dūṣaṇasthāpanam / tadarthe ca hīne kiṃ prayojanaṃ dūṣaṇena / asiddhametaddūṣaṇam / etaducyate paryanuyojyopekṣaṇam /

20. niranuyojyānuyogaḥ / kasyacidanigrāhyatve 'pi nigrahasthānābhiyogo niranuyojyānuyogaḥ / anyacca / prativādini svapratijñāhānyāpanne svapakṣabhinnārthopādānenāsthāne paranigrahasthānadyotanam / ayamapi niranuyojyānuyogaḥ /

21. apasiddhāntaḥ / pūrvaṃ caturvidhe siddhānte svayamaṅgīkṛte 'pi paścāccedyathāsiddhāntaṃ na brūyādayamapasiddhāntaḥ /

22. hetvābhāsāḥ / yathā pūrvamuktāstrividhāḥ / asiddho 'neikāntiko viruddhaśceti hetvābhāsāḥ /

asiddhaḥ / yathā kaścit sthāpayedaśva āgacchati / kasmāt / śṛṅgadarśanāt / aśvo 'śṛṅga iti śṛṅgaheturasiddho 'śvāgamanasthāpanāsamarthaḥ /

anaikāntikaḥ / yathā kaścit sthāpayetgaurāgacchati / kasmāt / śṛṅgadarśanāt / yaḥ saśṛṅga sa gaurityanaikāntikaḥ chāgarurvādīnāṃ saśṛṅgatvāt / śṛṅgaheturanaikāntikaḥ / tasmādgavāgamanasthāpanāsamarthaḥ /

viruddhaḥ / yathā kaścit sthāpayetprabhāte rātriḥ / kasmāt / aruṇodayāt / aruṇodayo rātryā viruddhaḥ / aruṇodayahetū rātristhāpanāsamarthaḥ / yadi kenacideṣa hetuḥ prayujyate tadā hetvābhāsanigrahasthānāpattiḥ /

iti tṛtīyaṃ prakaraṇam / samāptaścāyaṃ grantha /
-- Tarkaśāstra (reconstructed text) (Academic edition — see source file header)