Gautama: Nyāyasūtra
Exported from Holy-Writings.com on 2026-06-19 - 1 clipping

Source: GRETIL (gretil.sub.uni-goettingen.de) — Sanskrit academic edition. Title: Gautama: Nyāyasūtra. Data entry: (see source file). License: refer to source file header.
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## Data entry: members of the Sansknet Project
## Contribution: members of the Sansknet Project
## Date of this version: 2020-07-31

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## Publisher: Göttingen Register of Electronic Texts in Indian Languages (GRETIL), SUB Göttingen

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## Structure of references:
   A reference is assembled consisting of
   - a pragmatic abbreviation of the title: Nyāyasūtra = ,
   - the number of the  in arabic numerals,
   - the number of the verse in arabic numerals.

## Notes:
   This file has been created by mass conversion of GRETIL's Sanskrit corpus from gaunys_u.htm. Due to the heterogeneity of the sources the header markup might be suboptimal. For the sake of transparency the header of the legacy file is documented in the note element below:

	 Gautama: Nyayasutra
Input by members of the SANSKNET-project
(www.sansknet.org)
This GRETIL version has been converted from a custom Devanagari encoding.
Consequently, word boundaries may not always be marked by spaces.
The text is not proof-read.

## Revisions:
   - 2020-07-31: TEI encoding by mass conversion of GRETIL's Sanskrit corpus

# Text

(atha prathamaḥ adhyāyaḥ) [anubandhacatuṣṭayaprakaraṇam]

1.1.1: pramāṇa-prameya-saṃśaya-prayojana-dṛṣṭānta-siddhāntāvayava-tarka-nirṇaya-vāda-jalpa-vitaṇḍāhetvābhāsa-cchala-jāti-nigrahasthānānāmtattvajñānāt niḥśreyasādhigamaḥ

{padārthoddeśasūtram}

1.1.2: duḥkhajanmapravṛttidoṣamithyājñānānām uttarottarāpāye tadanantarā pāyāt apavargaḥ

{padārthoddeśasūtram}

[pramāṇaprakaraṇam]

1.1.3: pratyakṣānumānopamānaśabdāḥ pramāṇāni

{pramāṇa-uddeśa-sūtram}

1.1.4: indriyārthasannikarṣotpannam jñānam avyapadeśyam avyabhicāri vyavasāyātmakam pratyakṣam

{pratyakṣalakṣaṇam}

1.1.5: atha tatpūrvakaṃ trividham anumānaṃ pūrvavat śeṣavat sāmānyatodṛṣṭaṃ ca

{anumānalakṣaṇam}

1.1.6: prasiddhasādharmyāt sādhyasādhanam upamānam

{upamānalakṣaṇam}

1.1.7: āptopadeśaḥ śabdaḥ

{śabdalakṣaṇam}

1.1.8: saḥ dvividhaḥ dṛṣṭādṛṣṭārthatvāt

{śabdabhedaḥ}

[prameyaprakaraṇam]

1.1.9: ātmaśarīrendriyārthabuddhimanaḥpravṛttidoṣapretyabhāvaphaladuḥkhāpavargāḥ tu prameyam

{prameya-uddeśa-sūtram}

1.1.10: icchādveṣaprayatnasukhaduḥkhajñānāni ātmanaḥ liṅgam iti

{ātmalakṣaṇam}

1.1.11: ceṣṭendriyārthāśrayaḥ śarīram

{śarīralakṣaṇam}

1.1.12: ghrāṇarasanacakṣustvakśrotrāṇi indriyāṇi bhūtebhyaḥ

{indriyalakṣaṇam}

1.1.13: pṛthivī āpaḥ tejaḥ vāyuḥ ākāśam iti bhūtāni

{bhūtalakṣaṇam}

1.1.14: gandharasarūpasparśaśabdāḥ pṛthivyādiguṇāḥ tadarthāḥ

{artha(viṣaya)lakṣaṇam}

1.1.15: buddhiḥ upalabdhiḥ jñānam iti anarthāntaram

{buddhilakṣaṇam}

1.1.16: yugapat jñānānutpattiḥ manasaḥ liṅgam

{manolakṣaṇam}

1.1.17: pravṛttiḥ vāgbuddhiśarīrārambhaḥ

{pravṛttilakṣaṇam}

1.1.18: pravarttanālakṣaṇāḥ doṣāḥ

{doṣalakṣaṇam}

1.1.19: punarutpattiḥ pretyabhāvaḥ

{pretyabhāvalakṣaṇam}

1.1.20: pravṛttidoṣajanitaḥ arthaḥ phalam

{phalalakṣaṇam}

1.1.21: bādhanālakṣaṇam duḥkham

{duḥkhalakṣaṇam}

1.1.22: tadatyantavimokṣaḥ apavargaḥ

{apavargalakṣaṇam}

[nyāyapūrvāṅgalakṣaṇaprakaraṇam]

1.1.23: samānānekadharmopapatteḥ vipratipatteḥ upalabdhyanupalabdhyavyavasthātaḥ ca viśeṣāpekṣaḥ vimarśaḥ saṃśayaḥ

{saṃśayalakṣaṇam}

1.1.24: yam artham adhikṛtya pravartate tat prayojanam

{prayojanalakṣaṇam}

1.1.25: laukikaparīkṣakāṇāṃ yasmin arthe buddhisāmyam saḥ dṛṣṭāntaḥ

{dṛṣṭāntalakṣaṇam}

[nyāyāśrayasiddhāntalakṣaṇaprakaraṇam]

1.1.26: tantrādhikaraṇābhyupagamasaṃsthitiḥ siddhāntaḥ

{abhyupagamasiddhāntalakṣaṇam}

1.1.27: saḥ caturvidhaḥ sarvatantrapratitantrādhikaraṇābhyupagamasaṃsthityarthāntarabhāvāt

{tantrabheda-uddeśasūtram}

1.1.28: sarvatantrāviruddhaḥ tantre adhikṛtaḥ arthaḥ sarvatantrasiddhāntaḥ

{sarvatantrasiddhānta-lakṣaṇam}

1.1.29: samānatantrasiddhaḥ paratantrāsiddhaḥ pratitantrasiddhāntaḥ

{pratitantrasiddhānta-lakṣaṇam}

1.1.30: yatsiddhau anyaprakaraṇasiddhiḥ saḥ adhikaraṇasiddhāntaḥ

{adhikaraṇasiddhānta-lakṣaṇam}

1.1.31: aparīkṣitābhyupagamāt tadviśeṣaparīkṣaṇam abhyupagamasiddhāntaḥ

{abhyupagamasiddhānta-lakṣaṇam}

[nyāyaprakaraṇam]

1.1.32: pratijñāhetūdāharaṇopanayanigamanāni avayavāḥ

{avayava-uddeśasūtram}

1.1.33: sādhyanirdeśaḥ pratijñā

{pratijñā-lakṣaṇam}

1.1.34: udāharaṇasādharmyāt sādhyasādhanaṃ hetuḥ

{hetu-lakṣaṇam}

1.1.35: tathā vaidharmyāt

{hetu-lakṣaṇam}

1.1.36: sādhyasādharmyāt taddharmabhāvī dṛṣṭāntaḥ udāharaṇam

{udāharaṇa-lakṣaṇam}

1.1.37: tadviparyayāt vā viparītam

{udāharaṇa-lakṣaṇam}

1.1.38: udāharaṇāpekṣaḥ tathā iti upasaṃhāraḥ na tathā iti vā sādhyasya upanayaḥ

{upanaya-lakṣaṇam}

1.1.39: hetvapadeśāt pratijñāyāḥ punarvacanam nigamanam

{nigamana-lakṣaṇam}

[nyāyottarāṅgaprakaraṇam]

1.1.40: avijñātatatve arthe kāraṇopapattitaḥ tattvajñānārtham uhaḥ tarkaḥ

{tarka-lakṣaṇam}

1.1.41: vimṛśya pakṣapratipakṣābhyām arthāvadhāraṇam nirṇayaḥ

{nirṇaya-lakṣaṇam}

(iti nyāyasūtre prathamādhyāyasya prathamam āhnikam)

(atha dvitīyam āhnikam)

[kathālakṣaṇaprakaraṇam]

1.2.1: pramāṇatarkasādhanopālambhaḥ siddhāntāviruddhaḥ pañcāvayavopapannaḥ pakṣapratipakṣaparigrahaḥ vādaḥ

{vāda-lakṣaṇam}

1.2.2: yathoktopapannaḥ chalajātinigrahasthānasādhanopālambhaḥ jalpaḥ

{jalpa-lakṣaṇam}

1.2.3: saḥ pratipakṣasthāpanāhīnaḥ vitaṇḍā

{vitaṇḍā-lakṣaṇam}

[hetvābhāsaprakaraṇam]

1.2.4: savyabhicāra-viruddha-prakaraṇasama-sādhyasama-kālātītāḥ hetvābhāsāḥ

{hetvābhāsa-uddeśa-sūtram}

1.2.5: anaikāntikaḥ savyabhicāraḥ

{savyabhicāra-lakṣaṇam}

1.2.6: siddhāntam abhyupetya tadvirodhī viruddhaḥ

{viruddha-lakṣaṇam}

1.2.7: yasmāt prakaraṇacintā saḥ nirṇayārthamapadiṣṭaḥ prakaraṇasamaḥ

{prakaraṇasama-lakṣaṇam}

1.2.8: sādhyāviśiṣṭaḥ sādhyatvāt sādhyasamaḥ

{sādhyasama-lakṣaṇam}

1.2.9: kālātyayāpadiṣṭaḥ kālātītaḥ

{kālātīta-lakṣaṇam}

[chalaprakaraṇam]

1.2.10: vacanavighātaḥ arthavikalpopapattyā chalam

{chala-lakṣaṇam}

1.2.11: tat trividham - vākchalam sāmānyacchalam upacāracchalam ca iti

{chala-bheda-uddeśa-sūtram}

1.2.12: aviśeṣābhihite arthe vaktuḥ abhiprāyāt arthāntarakalpanā vākchalam

{vākchala-lakṣaṇam}

1.2.13: sambhavataḥ arthasya atisāmānyayogāt asambhūtārthakalpanā sāmānyacchalam

{sāmānyacchala-lakṣaṇam}

1.2.14: dharmavikalpanirdeśe arthasadbhāvapratiṣedhaḥ upacāracchalam

{upacāracchala-lakṣaṇam}

1.2.15: vākchalam eva upacāracchalam tat aviśeṣāt

{upacāracchala-pūrvapakṣa-lakṣaṇam}

1.2.16: na tat arthāntarabhāvāt

{upacāracchala-lakṣaṇam}

1.2.17: aviśeṣe vā kiñcitsādharmyāt ekacchalaprasaṅgaḥ

{upacāracchala-lakṣaṇam}

[liṅgadoṣasāmānyaprakaraṇam]

1.2.18: sādharmyavaidharmyābhyām pratyavasthānaṃ jātiḥ

{jāti-lakṣaṇam}

1.2.19: vipratipattiḥ apratipattiḥ ca nigrahasthānam

{nigrahasthāna-lakṣaṇam}

1.2.20: tadvikalpāt jātinigrahasthānabahutvam

{nigrahasthānabahutva-sūtram}

(iti nyāyasūtre prathamādhyāyasya dvitīyam āhnikam)

(samāptaḥ ca ayam prathamaḥ adhyāyaḥ)

(atha dvitīyaḥ adhyāyaḥ)

(prathamam āhnikam) [saṃśayaparīkṣāprakaraṇam] 2.1.1: samānānekadharmādhyavasāyāt anyataradharmādhyavasāyāt vā na saṃśayaḥ {saṃśaya-} 2.1.2: viprattipattyavyavasthādhyavasāyāt ca {saṃśaya-} 2.1.3: viprattipattau ca saṃprattipatteḥ {saṃśaya-} 2.1.4: avyavasthā ātmani vyavasthitatvāt ca avyavasthāyāḥ {saṃśaya-} 2.1.5: tathā atyantasaṃśayaḥ taddharmasātatyopapatteḥ {saṃśaya-} 2.1.6: yathoktādhyavasāyāt eva tadviśeṣāpekṣāt saṃśaye na asaṃśayaḥ na atyantasaṃśayaḥ vā {saṃśaya-} 2.1.7: yatra saṃśayaḥ tatra evam uttarottaraprasaṅgaḥ {saṃśaya-} [pramāṇasāmānyaparīkṣāprakaraṇam] 2.1.8: pratyakṣādīnām aprāmāṇyaṃ traikālyāsiddheḥ {pūrvapakṣasūtram} 2.1.9: pūrvaṃ hi pramāṇasiddhau na indriyārthasannikarṣāt pratyakṣotpattiḥ {pūrvapakṣasūtram} 2.1.10: paścātsiddhau na pramāṇebhyaḥ prameyasiddhiḥ {pūrvapakṣasūtram} 2.1.11: yugapatsiddhau pratyarthaniyatatvāt kramavṛttitvābhāvaḥ buddhīnām {pūrvapakṣasūtram} 2.1.12: traikālyāsiddheḥ pratiṣedhānupapattiḥ {pūrvapakṣasūtram} 2.1.13: sarvapramāṇapratiṣedhāt ca pratiṣedhānupapattiḥ {pūrvapakṣasūtram} 2.1.14: tatprāmāṇye vā na sarvapramāṇavipratiṣedhaḥ {pūrvapakṣasūtram} 2.1.15: traikālyāpratiṣedhaḥ ca śabdāt ātodyasiddhivat tatsiddheḥ {pūrvapakṣasūtram} 2.1.16: prameyā ca tulāprāmāṇyavat {pūrvapakṣasūtram} 2.1.17: pramāṇataḥ siddheḥ pramāṇānām pramāṇāntarasiddhiprasaṅgaḥ {pūrvapakṣasūtram} 2.1.18: tadvinivṛtteḥ vā pramāṇasiddhivat prameyasiddhiḥ {pūrvapakṣasūtram} 2.1.19: na, pradīpaprakāśasiddhivat tatsiddheḥ {siddhāntalakṣaṇam} 2.1.20: kvacit nivṛttidarśanāt anivṛttidarśanāt ca kvacit anekāntaḥ {siddhāntalakṣaṇam} [pratyakṣaparīkṣāprakaraṇām] 2.1.21: pratyakṣalakṣaṇānupapattiḥ asamagravacanāt {pratyakṣalakṣaṇa-} {pratyakṣalakṣaṇaparīkṣā} 2.1.22: na ātmamanasoḥ sannikarṣābhāve pratyakṣotpattiḥ (do) 2.1.23: digdeśakālākāśeṣu api evaṃ prasaṅgaḥ (do) 2.1.24: jñānaliṅgatvāt ātmanaḥ na anavarodhaḥ {pratyakṣalakṣaṇa-siddhānta-sūtram} 2.1.25: tadayaugapadyaliṅgatvāt ca na manasaḥ {pratyakṣalakṣaṇa-siddhānta-sūtra} 2.1.26: pratyakṣanimittatvāt ca indriyārthayoḥ sannikarṣasya svaśabdena vacanam {pratyakṣalakṣaṇa-siddhānta-sūtra} 2.1.27: suptavyāsaktamanasāṃ ca indriyārthayoḥ sannikarṣanimittatvāt {pratyakṣalakṣaṇa-siddhānta-sūtra} 2.1.28: taiḥ ca apadeśaḥ jñānaviśeṣāṇām {pratyakṣalakṣaṇa-siddhānta-sūtra} 2.1.29: vyāhatatvāt ahetuḥ {pratyakṣalakṣaṇa-siddhānta-sūtra} 2.1.30: na arthaviśeṣaprābalyāt {pratyakṣalakṣaṇa-siddhānta-sūtra}

[viṣayaparīkṣā-prakaraṇām] 2.1.31: pratyakṣam anumānam ekadeśagrahaṇāt upalabdheḥ {pūrvapakṣa-sūtra} 2.1.32: na, pratyakṣeṇa yāvat tāvat api upalambhāt {siddhānta-sūtra} 2.1.33: na caikadeśopalabdhiravayavisadbhāvāt {siddhānta-sūtra} [prasaṅgopāttā avayaviparīkṣā] 2.1.34: sādhyatvāt avayavini sandehaḥ {pūrvapakṣa-sūtra} 2.1.35: sarvāgrahaṇam avayavyasiddheḥ {siddhānta-sūtra} 2.1.36: dhāraṇākarṣaṇopapatteḥ ca {siddhānta-sūtra} 2.1.37: senāvanavat grahaṇam iti cet na atīndriyatvāt aṇūnām {siddhānta-sūtra}

[anumānaparīkṣāprakaraṇam]

2.1.38: rodhopaghātasādṛśyebhyaḥ vyabhicārāt anumānam apramāṇam {pūrvapakṣa-sūtra} 2.1.39: na, ekadeśatrāsasādṛśyebhyaḥ arthāntarabhāvāt {siddhānta-sūtra} {vartamānakālaparīkṣā} 2.1.40: vartamānābhāvaḥ, patataḥ patitapatitavyakālopapatteḥ {pūrvapakṣa-sūtra} 2.1.41: tayoḥ api abhāvaḥ vartamānābhāve, tadapekṣatvāt {siddhānta-sūtra} 2.1.42: na atītānāgatayoḥ itaretarāpekṣā siddhiḥ {siddhānta-sūtra} 2.1.43: vartamānābhāve sarvāgrahaṇaṃ pratyakṣānupapatteḥ {siddhānta-sūtra} 2.1.44: kṛtatākarttavyatopapatteḥ tu ubhayathā grahaṇam {siddhānta-sūtra}

[upamānaparīkṣāprakaraṇam] 2.1.45: atyantaprāyaikadeśasādharmyāt upamānāsiddhiḥ {siddhānta-sūtra} 2.1.46: prasiddhasādharmyāt upamānasiddheḥ yathoktadoṣānupapattiḥ {pūrvapakṣa-sūtra} 2.1.47: pratyakṣeṇa apratyakṣasiddheḥ {siddhānta-sūtra} 2.1.48: na apratyakṣe gavaye pramāṇārtham upamānasya paśyāmaḥ {siddhānta-sūtra} 2.1.49: tathā iti upasaṃhārāt upamānasiddheḥ na aviśeṣaḥ {siddhānta-sūtra} [śabdasāmānyaparīkṣāprakaraṇam] 2.1.50: śabdaḥ anumānam arthasya anupalabdheḥ anumeyatvāt {pūrvapakṣa-sūtra} 2.1.51: upalabdheḥ advipravṛttitvāt {pūrvapakṣa-sūtra} 2.1.52: sambandhāt ca {pūrvapakṣa-sūtra} 2.1.53: āptopadeśasāmarthyāt śabdāt arthasampratyayaḥ {siddhānta-sūtra} 2.1.54: pūraṇapradāhapāṭanānupalabdheḥ ca sambandhābhāvaḥ {siddhānta-sūtra} 2.1.55: śabdārthavyavasthānāt apratiṣedhaḥ {siddhānta-sūtra} 2.1.56: na, sāmayikatvāt śabdārthasampratyayasya {siddhānta-sūtra} 2.1.57: jātiviśeṣe ca aniyamāt {siddhānta-sūtra} [śabdaviśeṣaparīkṣāprakaraṇam] 2.1.58: tadaprāmāṇyam anṛtavyāghātapunaruktadoṣebhyaḥ {siddhānta-sūtra} 2.1.59: na, karmakartṛsādhanavaiguṇyāt {siddhānta-sūtra} 2.1.60: abhyupetya kālabhede doṣavacanāt {siddhānta-sūtra} 2.1.61: anuvādopapatteḥ ca {siddhānta-sūtra} 2.1.62: vākyavibhāgasya ca arthagrahaṇāt {siddhānta-sūtra} 2.1.63: vidhyarthavādānuvādavacanaviniyogāt {siddhānta-sūtra} 2.1.64: vidhiḥ vidhāyakaḥ {siddhānta-sūtra} 2.1.65: stutiḥ nindā parakṛtiḥ purākalpaḥ iti arthavādaḥ {siddhānta-sūtra} {arthavāda-bhedaḥ} 2.1.66: vidhivihitasya anuvacanam anuvādaḥ {arthavāda-} 2.1.67: na anuvādapunaruktayoḥ viśeṣaḥ, śabdābhyāsopapatteḥ {siddhānta-sūtra} 2.1.68: śīghrataragamanopadeśavat abhyāsāt na aviśeṣaḥ {siddhānta-sūtra} 2.1.69: mantrāyurvedaprāmāṇyavat ca tatprāmāṇyam, āptaprāmāṇyāt {siddhānta-sūtra}

(iti nyāyasūtre dvitīyādhyāyasya prathamam āhnikam)

(dvitīyam āhnikam) [pramāṇacatuṣṭvaparīkṣāprakaraṇam]

2.2.1: na catuṣṭvam, aitihyārthāpattisambhavābhāvaprāmāṇyāt {pūrvapakṣa-sūtra} 2.2.2: śabde aitihyānarthāntarabhāvāt anumāne arthāpattisambhavābhāvānarthāntara bhāvāt ca apratiṣedhaḥ {siddhānta-sūtra} 2.2.3: arthāpattiḥ apramāṇam anaikāntikatvāt {arthāpattiprāmāṇyaparīkṣā} 2.2.4: anarthāpattau arthāpattyabhimānāt {nānaikāntikatvamarthāpatteḥ} 2.2.5: pratiṣedhāprāmāṇyaṃ ca anaikāntikatvāt (-) 2.2.6: tatprāmāṇye vā na arthāpattyaprāmāṇyam {siddhānta-sūtra} [abhāvaprāmāṇyasiddhiḥ - avāntaraprakaraṇam] 2.2.7: na abhāvaprāmāṇyaṃ prameyāsiddheḥ {pūrvapakṣa-sūtra} 2.2.8: lakṣiteṣvalakṣaṇalakṣitatvāt alakṣitānāṃ tatprameyasiddheḥ {udāharaṇa sūtra} 2.2.9: asati arthe na abhāvaḥ iti cet na, anyalakṣaṇopapatteḥ {siddhānta-sūtra} 2.2.10: tatsiddheḥ alakṣiteṣu ahetuḥ {pūrvapakṣa-sūtra} 2.2.11: na, lakṣaṇāvasthitāpekṣasiddheḥ {siddhānta-sūtra} 2.2.12: prāk utpatteḥ abhāvopapatteḥ ca {siddhānta-sūtra}

[śabdānityatvaparīkṣāprakaraṇam(13-39)] 2.2.13: ādimatvāt aindriyakatvāt kṛtakavat upacārāt ca {śabdānityatva-pratipādana-sūtra} 2.2.14: na, ghaṭābhāvasāmānyanityatvāt nityeṣu api anityavat upacārāt ca {siddhānta-sūtra} 2.2.15: tattvabhāktayoḥ nānātvavibhāgāt avyabhicāraḥ {śabdānityatva-pratipādana-sūtra} {siddhānta-sūtra} 2.2.16: santānānumānaviśeṣaṇāt {śabdānityatva-pratipādana-sūtra} {siddhānta-sūtra} 2.2.17: kāraṇadravyasya pradeśaśabdenābhidhānāt {śabdānityatva-pratipādana-sūtra} {siddhānta-sūtra} 2.2.18: prāk uccāraṇāt anupalabdheḥ āvaraṇādyanupalabdheḥ ca {śabdānityatva-pratipādana-sūtra} 2.2.19: tadanupalabdheḥ anupalambhāt āvaraṇopapattiḥ {śabdānityatva-pratipādana-sūtra} 2.2.20: anupalambhāt anupalabdhisadbhāvāt na āvaraṇānupapattiḥ anupalambhāt {siddhānta-sūtra} 2.2.21: anupalambhātmakatvāt anupalabdheḥ ahetuḥ {siddhānta-sūtra} 2.2.22: asparśatvāt {siddhānta-sūtra} 2.2.23: na, karmānityatvāt {siddhānta-sūtra} 2.2.24: na, aṇunityatvāt {siddhānta-sūtra} 2.2.25: sampradānāt {siddhānta-sūtra} 2.2.26: tadantarālānupalabdheḥ ahetuḥ {siddhānta-sūtra} 2.2.27: adhyāpanāt apratiṣedhaḥ {siddhānta-sūtra} 2.2.28: ubhayoḥ pakṣayoḥ anyatarasya adhyāpanāt apratiṣedhaḥ {siddhānta-sūtra} 2.2.29: abhyāsāt {siddhānta-sūtra} 2.2.30: na anyatve api abhyāsasya upacārāt {siddhānta-sūtra} 2.2.31: anyat anyasmāt ananyatvāt ananyat iti anyatābhāvaḥ {siddhānta-sūtra} 2.2.32: tadabhāve na asti ananyatā, tayoḥ itaretarāpekṣasiddheḥ {siddhānta-sūtra} 2.2.33: vināśakāraṇānupalabdheḥ {siddhānta-sūtra} 2.2.34: aśravaṇakāraṇānupalabdheḥ satataśravaṇaprasaṅgaḥ {siddhānta-sūtra} 2.2.35: upalabhyamāne ca anupalabdheḥ asattvāt anapadeśaḥ {siddhānta-sūtra} 2.2.36: pāṇinimittapraśleṣāt śabdābhāve na anupalabdhiḥ {siddhānta-sūtra} 2.2.37: vināśakāraṇānupalabdheḥ ca avasthāne tannityatvaprasaṅgaḥ {siddhānta-sūtra} 2.2.38: asparśatvāt apratiṣedhaḥ {siddhānta-sūtra} 2.2.39: vibhaktyantaropapatteḥ ca samāse {siddhānta-sūtra}

[śabdapariṇāmaparīkṣāprakaraṇam(40-56)] 2.2.40: vikārādeśopadeśāt saṃśayaḥ {pūrvapakṣa-sūtra} 2.2.41: prakṛtivivṛddhau vikāravivṛddheḥ {siddhānta-sūtra} 2.2.42: nyūnasamādhikopalabdheḥ vikārāṇām ahetuḥ {siddhānta-sūtra} 2.2.43: dvividhasya api hetoḥ abhāvāt asādhanaṃ dṛṣṭāntaḥ {udāharaṇasūtra} 2.2.44: na, atulyaprakṛtīnām vikāravikalpāt {siddhānta-sūtra} 2.2.45: dravyavikāravaiṣamyavat varṇavikāravikalaḥ {pūrvapakṣa-sūtra} 2.2.46: na, vikāradharmānupapatteḥ {siddhānta-sūtra} 2.2.47: vikāraprāptānām apunarāpatteḥ {siddhānta-sūtra} 2.2.48: suvarṇādīnāṃ punarāpatteḥ ahetuḥ {pūrvapakṣa-sūtra} 2.2.49: na, tadvikārāṇāṃ suvarṇabhāvāvyatirekāt {siddhānta-sūtra} 2.2.50: varṇatvāvyatirekāt varṇavikārāṇām apratiṣedhaḥ {siddhānta-sūtra} 2.2.51: sāmānyavato dharmayogo na sāmānyasya {siddhānta-sūtra} 2.2.52: nityatve avikārāt anityatve ca anavasthānāt {siddhānta-sūtra} 2.2.53: nityānām atīndriyatvāt taddharmavikalpāt ca varṇavikārāṇām apratiṣedhaḥ {pūrvapakṣa-sūtra} 2.2.54: anavasthāyitve ca varṇopalabdhivat tadvikāropapattiḥ {pūrvapakṣa-sūtra} 2.2.55: vikāradharmitve nityatvābhāvāt kālāntare vikāropapatteḥ ca apratiṣedhaḥ {siddhānta-sūtra} 2.2.56: prakṛtyaniyamāt {siddhānta-sūtra} 2.2.57: aniyame niyamāt na aniyamaḥ {pūrvapakṣa-sūtra} 2.2.58: niyamāniyamavirodhāt aniyame niyamāt ca apratiṣedhaḥ {siddhānta-sūtra} 2.2.59: guṇāntarāpattyupamarda-hrāsa-vṛddhi-śleṣebhyaḥ tu vikāropapatteḥ varṇavikārāḥ {siddhānta-sūtra}

[śabdaśaktiparīkṣāprakaraṇam] 2.2.60: te vibhaktyantāḥ padam {pada-lakṣaṇa-sūtram} 2.2.61: vyaktyākṛtijātisannidhau upacārāt saṃśayaḥ {pūrvapakṣa-sūtra}

[vyaktivāda-avāntaraprakaraṇam] 2.2.62: yāśabda-samūha-tyāga-parigraha-saṅkhyā-vṛddhyapacaya-varṇa-samāsānubandhānām vyaktau upacārāt vyaktiḥ {pūrvapakṣa-sūtra} 2.2.63: na, tat anavasthānāt {siddhānta-sūtra} 2.2.64: sahacaraṇa-sthāna-tādarthya-vṛtta-māna-dhāraṇa-sāmīpya-yoga-sādhanādhipatyebhyaḥ brāhmaṇa-mañca-kaṭa-rāja-saktu-candana-gaṅgā-śāṭakānna-puruṣeṣvatadbhāve api tadupacāraḥ {siddhānta-sūtra}

[ākṛtivāda-avāntaraprakaraṇam] 2.2.65: ākṛtiḥ, tadapekṣatvāt sattvavyavasthānasiddheḥ {pūrvapakṣa-sūtra}

[jātivāda-avāntaraprakaraṇam] 2.2.66: vyaktyākṛtiyukte api aprasaṅgāt prokṣaṇādināṃ mṛdgavake jātiḥ {pūrvapakṣa-sūtra} 2.2.67: na, ākṛtivyaktyapekṣatvāt jātyabhivyakteḥ {siddhānta-sūtra}

[siddhāntavāda-avāntaraprakaraṇam] 2.2.68: vyaktyākṛtijātayaḥ tu padārthaḥ {siddhānta-sūtra} 2.2.69: vyaktiḥ guṇaviśeṣāśrayaḥ mūrtiḥ {siddhānta-sūtra} 2.2.70: ākṛtiḥ jātiliṅgākhyā {siddhānta-sūtra} 2.2.71: samānaprasavātmikā jātiḥ {siddhānta-sūtra}

(iti nyāyasūtre dvitīyādhyāyasya dvitīyam āhnikam)

samāptaḥ ca ayam dvitīyādhyāyaḥ

(atha tṛtīyaḥ adhyāyaḥ) (prathamam āhnikam) [indriyavyatiriktātmaparīkṣāprakaraṇaṃ(1-3)] 3.1.1: darśanasparśanābhyām ekārthagrahaṇāt {pūrvapakṣa-sūtra} 3.1.2: na, viṣayavyavasthānāt {pūrvapakṣa-sūtra} 3.1.3: tadvyavasthānāt eva ātmasadbhāvāt apratiṣedhaḥ {siddhānta-sūtra} [śarīravyatiriktātmaparīkṣāprakaraṇam] 3.1.4: śarīradāhe pātakābhāvāt {siddhānta-sūtra} 3.1.5: tadabhāvaḥ sātmakapradāhe api, tannityatvāt {pūrvapakṣa-sūtra} 3.1.6: na, kāryāśrayakartṛvadhāt {siddhānta-sūtra}

[prāsaṅgikaṃ cakṣuradvaitaparīkṣāprakaraṇam(7-14)] 3.1.7: savyadṛṣṭasya itareṇa pratyabhijñānāt {siddhānta-sūtra} 3.1.8: na ekasmin nāsāsthivyavahite dvitvābhimānāt {pūrvapakṣa-sūtra} 3.1.9: ekavināśe dvitīyāvināśāt na ekatvam {siddhānta-sūtra} 3.1.10: avayavanāśe api avayavyupalabdheḥ ahetuḥ {pūrvapakṣa-sūtra} 3.1.11: dṛṣṭāntavirodhāt apratiṣedhaḥ {siddhānta-sūtra} 3.1.12: indriyāntaravikārāt {siddhānta-sūtra} 3.1.13: na, smṛteḥ smarttavyaviṣayatvāt {pūrvapakṣa-sūtra} 3.1.14: tadātmaguṇasadbhāvāt apratiṣedhaḥ {siddhānta-sūtra}

[ātmamanobhedaparīkṣāprakaraṇam(15-17)] 3.1.15: na, ātmapratipattihetūnāṃ manasi sambhavāt {pūrvapakṣa-sūtra} 3.1.16: jñātuḥ jñānasādhanopapatteḥ saṃjñābhedamātram {siddhānta-sūtra} 3.1.17: niyamaḥ ca niranumānaḥ {siddhānta-sūtra} [ātmanityatvaparīkṣāprakaraṇam(18-26)] 3.1.18: pūrvābhyastasmṛtyanubandhāt jātasya harṣabhayaśokasampratipatteḥ {siddhānta-sūtra} 3.1.19: padmādiṣu prabodhasammīlanavikāravat tadvikāraḥ {pūrvapakṣa-sūtra} 3.1.20: na, uṣṇaśītavarṣākālanimittatvāt pañcātmakavikārāṇām {siddhānta-sūtra} 3.1.21: pretyāhārābhyāsakṛtāt stanyābhilāṣāt {siddhānta-sūtra} 3.1.22: ayasaḥ ayaskāntābhigamanavat tadupasarpaṇam {pūrvapakṣa-sūtra} 3.1.23: na, anyatra pravṛttyabhāvāt {siddhānta-sūtra} 3.1.24: vītarāgajanmādarśanāt {siddhānta-sūtra} 3.1.25: saguṇadravyotpattivat tadutpattiḥ {pūrvapakṣa-sūtra} 3.1.26: na, saṅkalpanimittatvāt rāgādīnām {siddhānta-sūtra}

[śarīraparīkṣāprakaraṇam(27-31)] 3.1.27: pārthivaṃ guṇāntaropalabdheḥ {siddhānta-sūtra} 3.1.28: pārthivāpyataijasaṃ tadguṇopalabdheḥ {siddhānta-sūtra} 3.1.29: niḥśvāsocchvāsopalabdheḥ cāturbhauntikam {pūrvapakṣa-sūtra} 3.1.30: gandhakledapākavyūhāvakāśadānebhyaḥ pāñcabhautikam {pūrvapakṣa-sūtra} 3.1.31: śrutiprāmāṇyāt ca {siddhānta-sūtra}

[indriyaparīkṣāprakaraṇam(32-51)] 3.1.32: kṛṣṇasāre sati upalambhāt vyatiricya ca upalambhāt saṃśayaḥ {siddhānta-sūtra} 3.1.33: mahadaṇugrahaṇāt {sāṅkhyamatakhaṇḍanam} 3.1.34: raśmyarthasannikarṣaviśeṣāt tadgrahaṇam {siddhānta-sūtra} 3.1.35: tadanupalabdheḥ ahetuḥ {siddhānta-sūtra} 3.1.36: na anumīyamānasya pratyakṣataḥ anupalabdhiḥ abhāvahetuḥ {siddhānta-sūtra} 3.1.37: dravyaguṇadharmabhedāt ca upalabdhiniyamaḥ {siddhānta-sūtra} 3.1.38: anekadravyasamavāyāt rūpaviśeṣāt ca rūpopalabdhiḥ {siddhānta-sūtra} 3.1.39: karmakāritaḥ ca indriyāṇāṃ vyūhaḥ puruṣārthatantraḥ {siddhānta-sūtra} 3.1.40: madhyandinolkāprakāśānupalabdhivat tadanupalabdhiḥ {siddhānta-sūtra} 3.1.41: na, rātrau api anupalabdheḥ {siddhānta-sūtra} 3.1.42: bāhyaprakāśānugrahāt viṣayopalabdheḥ anabhivyaktitaḥ anupalabdhiḥ {siddhānta-sūtra} 3.1.43: abhivyaktau ca abhibhavāt {siddhānta-sūtra} 3.1.44: naktañcaranayanaraśmidarśanāt ca {siddhānta-sūtra} 3.1.45: aprāpyagrahaṇaṃ kācābhrapaṭalasphaṭikāntaritopalabdheḥ {pūrvapakṣa-sūtra} 3.1.46: kuḍyāntaritānupalabdheḥ apratiṣedhaḥ {siddhānta-sūtra} 3.1.47: apratīghātāt sannikarṣopapattiḥ {siddhānta-sūtra} 3.1.48: ādityaraśmeḥ sphaṭikāntarite api dāhye avighātāt {siddhānta-sūtra} 3.1.49: na itaretaradharmaprasaṅgāt {pūrvapakṣa-sūtra} 3.1.50: ādarśodakayoḥ prasādasvābhāvyāt rūpopalabdhiḥ {siddhānta-sūtra} 3.1.51: dṛṣṭānumitānāṃ hi niyogapratiṣedhānupapattiḥ {siddhānta-sūtra}

[indriyanānātvaparīkṣāprakaraṇam(52-62)] 3.1.52: sthānānyatve nānātvāt avayavinānāsthānatvāt ca saṃśayaḥ {siddhānta-sūtra} 3.1.53: tvak avyatirekāt {pūrvapakṣa-sūtra} 3.1.54: na yugapat arthānupalabdheḥ {siddhānta-sūtra} 3.1.55: vipratiṣedhāt ca na tvak ekā {siddhānta-sūtra} 3.1.56: indriyārthapañcatvāt {siddhānta-sūtra} 3.1.57: na, tadarthabahutvāt {pūrvapakṣa-sūtra} 3.1.58: gandhatvādyavyatirekāt gandhādīnāmapratiṣedhaḥ {siddhānta-sūtra} 3.1.59: viṣayatvāvyatirekāt ekatvam {siddhānta-sūtra} 3.1.60: na, buddhilakṣaṇādhiṣṭhāna-gatyākṛti-jātipañcatvebhyaḥ {siddhānta-sūtra} 3.1.61: bhūtaguṇaviśeṣopalabdheḥ tādātmyam {siddhānta-sūtra}

[arthaparīkṣāprakaraṇam(62-74)] 3.1.62: gandha-rasa-rūpa-sparśa-śabdānāṃ sparśaparyantāḥ pṛthivyāḥ {siddhānta-sūtra} 3.1.63: ap-tejo-vāyūnāṃ pūrvaṃ pūrvam apohya ākāśasya uttaraḥ {pūrvapakṣa-sūtra} 3.1.64: na, sarvaguṇānupalabdheḥ {siddhānta-sūtra} 3.1.65: ekaikaśyena uttaraguṇāsadbhāvāt uttarottarāṇāṃ tadanupalabdhiḥ {pūrvapakṣa-sūtra} 3.1.66: viṣṭaṃ hi aparaṃ pareṇa {pūrvapakṣa-sūtra} 3.1.67: na, pārthivāpyayoḥ pratyakṣatvāt {siddhānta-sūtra} 3.1.68: pūrvapūrvaguṇotkarṣāt tattat pradhānam {siddhānta-sūtra} 3.1.69: taddhyavasthānaṃ tu bhūyastvāt {siddhānta-sūtra} 3.1.70: saguṇānām indriyabhāvāt {siddhānta-sūtra} 3.1.71: tena eva tasya agrahaṇāt ca {siddhānta-sūtra} 3.1.72: na, śabdaguṇopalabdheḥ {pūrvapakṣa-sūtra} 3.1.73: tadupalabdhiḥ itaretaradravyaguṇavaidharmyāt {siddhānta-sūtra}

(iti nyāyasūtre tṛtīyādhyāyasya prathamam āhnikam)

(dvitīyam āhnikam)

[buddheranityatvaparīkṣāprakaraṇam(1-9)] 3.2.1: karmākāśasādharmyāt saṃśayaḥ {siddhānta-sūtra} 3.2.2: viṣayapratyabhijñānāt {siddhānta-sūtra} 3.2.3: sādhyasamatvāt ahetuḥ {siddhānta-sūtra} 3.2.4: na, yugapat agrahaṇāt {siddhānta-sūtra} 3.2.5: apratyabhijñāne ca vināśaprasaṅgaḥ {siddhānta-sūtra} 3.2.6: kramavṛttitvāt ayugapat grahaṇam {siddhānta-sūtra} 3.2.7: apratyabhijñānaṃ ca viṣayāntaravyāsaṅgāt {siddhānta-sūtra} 3.2.8: na, gatyabhāvāt {siddhānta-sūtra} 3.2.9: sphaṭikānyatvābhimānavat tadanyatvābhimānaḥ {siddhānta-sūtra}

[kṣaṇabhaṅgaparīkṣāprakaraṇam(10-17)] 3.2.10: sphaṭike api aparāparotpatteḥ kṣaṇikatvāt vyaktīnām ahetuḥ {siddhānta-sūtra} 3.2.11: niyamahetvabhāvāt yathādarśanam abhyanujñā {siddhānta-sūtra} 3.2.12: na, utpattivināśakāraṇopalabdheḥ {siddhānta-sūtra} 3.2.13: kṣīravināśe kāraṇānupalabdhivat dadhyutpattivat ca tadutpattiḥ {pūrvapakṣa-sūtra} 3.2.14: liṅgataḥ grahaṇāt na anupalabdhiḥ {siddhānta-sūtra} 3.2.15: na payasaḥ pariṇāma-guṇāntaraprādurbhāvāt {siddhānta-sūtra} 3.2.16: vyūhāntarāt dravyāntarotpattidarśanaṃ pūrvadravyanivṛtteḥ anumānam {siddhānta-sūtra} 3.2.17: kvacit vināśakāraṇānupalabdheḥ kvacit ca upalabdheḥ anekāntaḥ {siddhānta-sūtra}

[buddherātmaguṇatvaparīkṣāprakaraṇām(18-41)] 3.2.18: na indriyārthayoḥ, tadvināśe api jñānāvasthānāt {siddhānta-sūtra} 3.2.19: yugapat jñānānupalabdheḥ ca na manasaḥ {siddhānta-sūtra} 3.2.20: tat ātmaguṇatve api tulyam {pūrvapakṣa-sūtra} 3.2.21: indriyaiḥ manasaḥ sannikarṣābhāvāt tadanutpattiḥ {pūrvapakṣa-sūtra} 3.2.22: na, utpattikāraṇānapadeśāt {siddhānta-sūtra} 3.2.23: vināśakāraṇānupalabdheḥ ca avasthāne tannityatvaprasaṅgaḥ {pūrvapakṣa-sūtra} 3.2.24: anityatvagrahāt buddheḥ buddhyantarāt vināśaḥ śabdavat {siddhānta-sūtra} 3.2.25: jñānasamavetātmapradeśasannikarṣāt manasaḥ smṛtyutpatteḥ na yugapat utpattiḥ {pūrvapakṣa-sūtra} 3.2.26: na, antaḥ-śarīravṛttitvāt manasaḥ {siddhānta-sūtra} 3.2.27: sādhyatvāt ahetuḥ {pūrvapakṣa-sūtra} 3.2.28: smarataḥ śarīradhāraṇopapatteḥ apratiṣedhaḥ {siddhānta-sūtra} 3.2.29: na, tadāśugatitvānmanasaḥ {pūrvapakṣa-sūtra} 3.2.30: na, smaraṇakālāniyamāt {siddhānta-sūtra} 3.2.31: ātmapreraṇa-yadṛcchā-jñatābhiḥ ca na saṃyogaviśeṣaḥ {pūrvapakṣa-sūtra} 3.2.32: vyāsaktamanasaḥ pādavyathanena saṃyogaviśeṣeṇa samānam {siddhānta-sūtra} 3.2.33: praṇidhānaliṅgādijñānānām ayugapadbhāvāt ayugapatsmaraṇam {siddhānta-sūtra} 3.2.34: jñasya icchādveṣanimittatvāt ārambhanivṛttyoḥ {siddhānta-sūtra} 3.2.35: talliṅgatvāt icchādveṣayoḥ pārthivādyeṣu apratiṣedhaḥ {pūrvapakṣa-sūtra} 3.2.36: paraśvādiṣu ārambhanivṛttidarśanāt {siddhānta-sūtra} 3.2.37: niyamāniyamau tu tadviśeṣakau {siddhānta-sūtra} 3.2.38: yathoktahetutvāt pāratantryāt akṛtābhyāgamāt ca na manasaḥ {siddhānta-sūtra} 3.2.39: pariśeṣāt yathoktahetūpapatteḥ ca {siddhānta-sūtra} 3.2.40: smaraṇaṃ tu ātmanaḥ jñasvābhāvyāt {siddhānta-sūtra} 3.2.41: praṇidhāna-nibandhābhyāsa-liṅga-lakṣaṇa-sādṛśya-parigrahāśrayāśrita sambandhānantarya-viyogaikakārya-virodhātiśaya-prāpti-vyavadhāna-sukha-duḥkhecchā dveṣa-bhayārthitva-kriyārāga-dharmādharmanimittebhyaḥ {siddhānta-sūtra}

[buddherutpannāpavargitvaparīkṣāprakaraṇam(42-45)] 3.2.42: karmānavasthāyigrahaṇāt {siddhānta-sūtra} 3.2.43: avyaktagrahaṇam anavasthāyitvāt vidyutsampāte rūpāvyaktagrahaṇavat {siddhānta-sūtra} 3.2.44: hetūpādānāt pratiṣeddhavyābhyanujñā {siddhānta-sūtra} 3.2.45: na pradīpārciḥsantatyabhivyaktagrahaṇavat tadgrahaṇam {siddhānta-sūtra}

[buddheḥ śarīraguṇavyatirekaparīkṣāprakaraṇam(46-55)] 3.2.46: dravye svaguṇaparaguṇopalabdheḥ saṃśayaḥ {siddhānta-sūtra} 3.2.47: yāvaccharīrabhāvitvāt rūpādīnām {siddhānta-sūtra} 3.2.48: na, pākajaguṇāntarotpatteḥ {siddhānta-sūtra} 3.2.49: pratidvandvisiddheḥ pākajānām apratiṣedhaḥ {siddhānta-sūtra} 3.2.50: śarīravyāpitvāt {siddhānta-sūtra} 3.2.51: na, keśanakhādiṣu anupalabdheḥ {pūrvapakṣa-sūtra} 3.2.52: tvakparyantatvāt śarīrasya keśanakhādiṣu aprasaṅgaḥ {siddhānta-sūtra} 3.2.53: śarīraguṇavaidharmyāt {siddhānta-sūtra} 3.2.54: na, rūpādīnām itaretaravaidharmyāt {pūrvapakṣa-sūtra} 3.2.55: aindriyakatvāt rūpādīnām apratiṣedhaḥ {siddhānta-sūtra}

[manaḥparīkṣāprakaraṇam(56-59)] 3.2.56: jñānāyaugapadyāt ekam manaḥ {siddhānta-sūtra} 3.2.57: na, yugapat anekakriyopalabdheḥ {pūrvapakṣa-sūtra} 3.2.58: alātacakradarśanavat tadupalabdhiḥ āśusañcārāt {siddhānta-sūtra} 3.2.59: yathoktahetutvāt ca aṇu {siddhānta-sūtra}

[adṛṣṭaniṣpādyatvaparīkṣāprakaraṇam(60-72)] 3.2.60: pūrvakṛtaphalānubandhāt tadutpattiḥ {siddhānta-sūtra} 3.2.61: bhūtebhyaḥ mūrtyupādānavat tadupādānam {pūrvapakṣa-sūtra} 3.2.62: na, sādhyasamatvāt {siddhānta-sūtra} 3.2.63: na, utpattinimittatvāt mātāpitroḥ {siddhānta-sūtra} 3.2.64: tathā āhārasya {siddhānta-sūtra} 3.2.65: prāptau ca aniyamāt {siddhānta-sūtra} 3.2.66: śarīrotpattinimittavat saṃyogotpattinimittaṃ karma {siddhānta-sūtra} 3.2.67: etena aniyamaḥ pratyuktaḥ {siddhānta-sūtra} 3.2.68: tat adṛṣṭakāritam iti cet punaḥ tatprasaṅgaḥ apavarge {siddhānta-sūtra} 3.2.69: manaḥkarmanimittatvāt ca saṃyogāvyucchedaḥ {siddhānta-sūtra} 3.2.70: nityatvaprasaṅgaḥ ca prāyaṇānupapatteḥ {siddhānta-sūtra} 3.2.71: aṇuśyāmatānityatvavat etat syāt {pūrvapakṣa-sūtra} 3.2.72: na, akṛtābhyāgamaprasaṅgāt {siddhānta-sūtra}

(iti nyāyasūtre tṛtīyādhyāyasya dvitīyam āhnikam)

(samāptaḥ ca ayam tṛtīyaḥ adhyāyaḥ)

(atha caturthaḥ adhyāyaḥ) (prathamam āhnikam) [pravṛttidoṣasāmānyaparīkṣāprakaraṇam(1-2)]

4.1.1: pravṛttiryathoktā {siddhānta-sūtra} 4.1.2: tathā doṣāḥ {siddhānta-sūtra}

[doṣatrairāśyaparīkṣāprakaraṇam(3-8)] 4.1.3: trairāśyaṃ rāgadveṣamohārthāntarbhāvāt {siddhānta-sūtra} 4.1.4: na, ekapratyanīkabhāvāt {pūrvapakṣa-sūtra} 4.1.5: vyabhicārādahetuḥ {siddhānta-sūtra} 4.1.6: teṣāṃ mohaḥ pāpīyān, nāmūḍhasyetarotpatteḥ {siddhānta-sūtra} 4.1.7: nimittanaimittikabhāvādarthāntarabhāvo doṣebhyaḥ {pūrvapakṣa-sūtra} 4.1.8: na doṣalakṣaṇāvarodhānmohasya {siddhānta-sūtra} 4.1.9: nimittanaimittikopapatteśca tulyajātīyānāmapratiṣedhaḥ {siddhānta-sūtra}

[pretyabhāvaparīkṣāprakaraṇam(10-13)] 4.1.10: ātmanityatve pretyabhāvasiddhiḥ {siddhānta-sūtra} 4.1.11: vyaktād vyaktānām, pratyakṣaprāmāṇyāt {siddhānta-sūtra} 4.1.12: na, ghaṭād ghaṭaniṣpatteḥ {pūrvapakṣa-sūtra} 4.1.13: vyaktād ghaṭaniṣpatterapratiṣedhaḥ {siddhānta-sūtra}

[śūnyatopādānanirākaraṇaprakaraṇam(14-18)] 4.1.14: abhāvād bhāvotpattiḥ, nānupamṛdya prādurbhāvāt {pūrvapakṣa-sūtra} 4.1.15: vyāghātādaprayogaḥ {siddhānta-sūtra} 4.1.16: na, atītānāgatayoḥ kārakaśabdaprayogāt {pūrvapakṣa-sūtra} 4.1.17: na, vinaṣṭebhyo 'niṣpatteḥ {siddhānta-sūtra} 4.1.18: kramanirdeśādapratiṣedhaḥ {siddhānta-sūtra}

[īśvaropādānātāprakaraṇam(19-21)] 4.1.19: īśvaraḥ kāraṇam, puruṣakarmāphalyadarśanāt {siddhānta-sūtra} 4.1.20: na, puruṣakarmābhāve phlāniṣpatteḥ {pūrvapakṣa-sūtra} 4.1.21: tatkāritatvād ahetuḥ {siddhānta-sūtra}

[ākasmikatvanirākaraṇaprakaraṇam(22-24)] 4.1.22: animittato bhāvotpattiḥ, kaṇṭakataikṣṇyādidarśanāt {pūrvapakṣa-sūtra} 4.1.23: animittanimittatvānnanimittataḥ {siddhānta-sūtra} 4.1.24: nimittanimittayorarthāntarabhāvādapratiṣedhaḥ {siddhānta-sūtra}

[sarvānityatvanirākaraṇaprakaraṇam(25-28)] 4.1.25: sarvam anityam, utpattivināśadharmakatvāt {pūrvapakṣa-sūtra} 4.1.26: na, anityatānityatvāt {siddhānta-sūtra} 4.1.27: tadanityatvamagnerdāhyaṃ vināśyānuvināśavat {siddhānta-sūtra} 4.1.28: nityasyāpratyākhyānam, yathopalabdhi vyavasthānāt {siddhānta-sūtra}

[sarvanityatvanirākaraṇam(29-33)] 4.1.29: sarvaṃ nityam, pañcabhūtanityatvāt {pūrvapakṣa-sūtra} 4.1.30: na, utpattivināśakāraṇopalabdheḥ {siddhānta-sūtra} 4.1.31: tallakṣaṇāvarodhādapratiṣedhaḥ {pūrvapakṣa-sūtra} 4.1.32: na, utpattitatkāraṇopalabdheḥ {siddhānta-sūtra} 4.1.33: na, vyavasthānupapatteḥ {siddhānta-sūtra}

[sarvapṛthaktvanirākaraṇaprakaraṇam(34-36)] 4.1.34: sarvaṃ pṛthag, bhāvalakṣaṇapṛthaktvāt {pūrvapakṣa-sūtra} 4.1.35: na, anekalakṣaṇairekabhāvaniṣpatteḥ {siddhānta-sūtra} 4.1.36: lakṣaṇavyavasthānādevāpratiṣedhaḥ {siddhānta-sūtra}

[sarvaśūnyatānirākaraṇaprakaraṇam(37-40)] 4.1.37: sarvam abhāvo bhāveṣvitaretarābhāvasiddheḥ {pūrvapakṣa-sūtra} 4.1.38: na, svabhāvasiddherbhāvānām {siddhānta-sūtra} 4.1.39: na svabhāvasiddhiḥ, āpekṣikatvāt {pūrvapakṣa-sūtra} 4.1.40: vyāhatatvādayuktam {siddhānta-sūtra}

[saṃkhyaikāntavādaprakaraṇam(41-43)] 4.1.41: saṃkhyaikāntāsiddhiḥ, kāraṇānupapattyupapattibhyām {siddhānta-sūtra} 4.1.42: na, kāraṇavayavābhāvāt {pūrvapakṣa-sūtra} 4.1.43: niravayavatvādahetuḥ {siddhānta-sūtra}

[phalaparīkṣāprakaraṇam(44-54)] 4.1.44: sadyaḥ kālāntare ca phalaniṣpatteḥ saṃśayaḥ {siddhānta-sūtra} 4.1.45: na sadyaḥ, kālāntaropabhogyatvāt {siddhānta-sūtra} 4.1.46: kālāntareṇāniṣpattiheturvināśāt {pūrvapakṣa-sūtra} 4.1.47: prāṅniṣpattervṛkṣaphalavat tatsyāt {siddhānta-sūtra} 4.1.48: nāsanna sanna sadasat, sadasatorvaidharmayāt {pūrvapakṣa-sūtra} 4.1.49: utpādavyayadarśanāt {siddhānta-sūtra} 4.1.50: buddhisiddhaṃ tu tadasat {siddhānta-sūtra} 4.1.51: āśrayavyatirekād vṛkṣaphalotpattivad ityahetuḥ {pūrvapakṣa-sūtra} 4.1.52: prīterātmāśrayatvādapratiṣedhaḥ {siddhānta-sūtra} 4.1.53: na putrapaśustrīparicchedahiraṇyānnādiphalanirddeśāt {pūrvapakṣa-sūtra} 4.1.54: tatsambandhāt phalaniṣpattesteṣu phalavadupacāraḥ {siddhānta-sūtra}

[duḥkhaparīkṣāprakaraṇam(55-58)] 4.1.55: vividhavādhanāyogād duḥkhameva janmotpattiḥ {siddhānta-sūtra} 4.1.56: na, sukhasyāpyantarālaniṣpatteḥ {siddhānta-sūtra} 4.1.57: bhādhanānivṛttervedayataḥ pryeṣaṇadoṣādapratiṣedhaḥ {siddhānta-sūtra} 4.1.58: duḥkhavikalpe sukhābhimānācca {siddhānta-sūtra}

[apavargaparīkṣāprakaraṇam(59-68)] 4.1.59: ṛṇakleśapravṛttyanubndhādapavargābhāvaḥ {pūrvapakṣa-sūtra} 4.1.60: pradhānaśabdānupapatterguṇaśabdenānuvādo nindāpraśaṃsopapatteḥ {siddhānta-sūtra} 4.1.61: samāropaṇādātmanyapratiṣedhaḥ {siddhānta-sūtra} 4.1.62: pātracayāntānupapatteśca phalābhāvaḥ {siddhānta-sūtra} 4.1.63: suṣuptasya svapnādarśane kleśābhāvādapavargaḥ {siddhānta-sūtra} 4.1.64: na pravṛttiḥ pratisandhānāya hīnakleśasya {siddhānta-sūtra} 4.1.65: na, kleśasantateḥ svābhāvikatvāt {pūrvapakṣa-sūtra} 4.1.66: prāgutpatterabhāvānityatvavat svābhāvike 'pyanityatvam {siddhānta-sūtra} 4.1.67: aṇuśyāmatānityatvavad vā {siddhānta-sūtra} 4.1.68: na, saṅkalpanimittatvācca rāgādīnām {siddhānta-sūtra}

(iti nyāyasūtre caturthādhyāyasya prathamam āhnikam)

(dvitīyam āhnikam) [tattvajñānotpattiprakaraṇam(1-3)] 4.2.1: doṣanimittānāṃ tattvajñānādahaṅkāranivṛttiḥ {siddhānta-sūtra} 4.2.2: doṣanimittaṃ rūpādayo viṣayaḥ saṅkalpakṛtāḥ {siddhānta-sūtra} 4.2.3: tannimittaṃ tvavayavyabhimānaḥ {siddhānta-sūtra}

[prāsaṅgikam avayaviprakaraṇam(4-17)] 4.2.4: vidyāvidyādvaividhyāt saṃśayaḥ {pūrvapakṣa-sūtra} 4.2.5: tadasaṃśayaḥ, pūrvahetuprasiddhatvāt {siddhānta-sūtra} 4.2.6: vṛttyanupapatterapi tarhi na saṃśayaḥ {pūrvapakṣa-sūtra} 4.2.7: kṛtsnaikadeśāvṛttitvādavayavānāmavayavyabhāvaḥ {pūrvapakṣa-sūtra} 4.2.8: teṣu cāvṛtteravayavyabhāvaḥ {pūrvapakṣa-sūtra} 4.2.9: pṛthak cāvayavebhyo 'vṛtteḥ {siddhānta-sūtra} 4.2.10: na cāvayavyavayavāḥ {pūrvapakṣa-sūtra} 4.2.11: ekasmin bhedābhāvād bhedaśabdaprayogānupapatterapraśnaḥ {siddhānta-sūtra} 4.2.12: avayavāntarabhāve 'pyavṛtterahetuḥ {siddhānta-sūtra} 4.2.13: keśasamūhe taimirikopalabdhivat tadupalabdhiḥ {pūrvapakṣa-sūtra} 4.2.14: svaviṣayānatikrameṇendriyasya paṭumandabhāvādviṣayagrahaṇasya tathābhābo nāviṣaye pravṛttiḥ {siddhānta-sūtra} 4.2.15: avayavāvayaviprasaṅgaścaivamāpralayāt {siddhānta-sūtra} 4.2.16: na pralayo 'ṇusadbhāvāt {siddhānta-sūtra} 4.2.17: paraṃ vā truṭeḥ {siddhānta-sūtra}

[aupodghātikaṃ niravayavaprakaraṇam(18-25)] 4.2.18: ākāśavyatibhedāt tadanupapattiḥ {siddhānta-sūtra} 4.2.19: ākāśāsarvagatatvaṃ vā {pūrvapakṣa-sūtra} 4.2.20: antarbahiśca kāryadravyasya kāraṇāntaravacanādakārye tadabhāvaḥ {siddhānta-sūtra} 4.2.21: śabdasaṃyogavibhāvācca sarvagatam {siddhānta-sūtra} 4.2.22: avyūhāviṣṭambhavibhutvāni cākāśadharmāḥ {siddhānta-sūtra} 4.2.23: mūrtimatāṃ ca saṃsthānopapatteravayavasadbhāvaḥ {pūrvapakṣa-sūtra} 4.2.24: saṃyogopapatteśca {pūrvapakṣa-sūtra} 4.2.25: anavasthākāritvādanavasthānupapatteścāpratiṣedhaḥ {siddhānta-sūtra}

[bāhyārthabhaṅganirākaraṇaprakaraṇam(26-37)] 4.2.26: buddhyā vivecanāttu bhāvānāṃ yāthātmyānupalabdhistantvapakarṣaṇe paṭasadbhāvānupalabdhivat tadanupalabdhiḥ {pūrvapakṣa-sūtra} 4.2.27: vyāhatatvādahetuḥ {siddhānta-sūtra} 4.2.28: tadāśrayatvādapṛthaggrahaṇam {siddhānta-sūtra} 4.2.29: pramāṇataścārthapratipatteḥ {siddhānta-sūtra} 4.2.30: pramāṇānupapattyupapattibhyām {siddhānta-sūtra} 4.2.31: svapnaviṣayābhimānavadayaṃ pramāṇaprameyābhimānaḥ {pūrvapakṣa-sūtra} 4.2.32: māyāgandharvanagaramṛgatṛṣṇikāvadvā {pūrvapakṣa-sūtra} 4.2.33: hetvabhāvādasiddhiḥ {siddhānta-sūtra} 4.2.34: smṛtisaṃkalpavacca svapnaviṣayābhimānaḥ {siddhānta-sūtra} 4.2.35: mithyopalabdhervināśastattvajñānātsvapnaviṣayābhimānapraṇāśavat pratibodhe {siddhānta-sūtra} 4.2.36: buddheścaivaṃ nimittasadbhāvopalambhāt {siddhānta-sūtra} 4.2.37: tattvapradhānabhedācca mithyābuddherdvaividhyopapattiḥ {siddhānta-sūtra}

[tattvajñānavivṛddhiprakaraṇam(38-49)] 4.2.38: samādhiviśeṣābhyāsāt {siddhānta-sūtra} 4.2.39: na, arthaviśeṣaprāvalyāt {pūrvapakṣa-sūtra} 4.2.40: kṣudādibhiḥ pravartanācca {pūrvapakṣa-sūtra} 4.2.41: pūrvakṛtaphalānubandhāt tadutpattiḥ {siddhānta-sūtra} 4.2.42: araṇyaguhāpulinādiṣu yogābhyāsopadeśaḥ {siddhānta-sūtra} 4.2.43: apavarge 'pyevaṃ prasaṅgaḥ {pūrvapakṣa-sūtra} 4.2.44: na, niṣpannāvaśyambhāvitvāt {siddhānta-sūtra} 4.2.45: tadabhāvaścāpavarge {siddhānta-sūtra} 4.2.46: tadarthaṃ yamaniyamābhyāsātmasaṃskāro yogāccādhyātmavidhyupāyaiḥ {siddhānta-sūtra} 4.2.47: jñānagrahaṇābhyāsastadvidyaiśca saha saṃvādaḥ {siddhānta-sūtra} 4.2.48: taṃ śiṣyagurusabrahmacāriviśiṣṭaśreyo 'rthibhiranasūyibhirabhyupeyāt {siddhānta-sūtra} 4.2.49: pratipakṣahīnam api vā prayojanārthamarthitve

[tattvajñānaparipālanaprakaraṇam(50-51)] 4.2.50: tattvādhyavasāyasaṃrakṣaṇārthaṃ jalpavitaṇḍe, bījaprarohasaṃrakṣṇārthaṃ kaṇṭakaśākhāvaraṇavat {siddhānta-sūtra} 4.2.51: tābhyāṃ vigṛhyakathanam {siddhānta-sūtra}

(iti nyāyasūtre caturthādhyāyasya dvitīyam āhnikam)

(samāptaśca caturthaḥ adhyāyaḥ)

(atha pañcamaḥ adhyāyaḥ) (prathamam āhnikam) [satpratipakṣadeśanābhāsaprakarṇam(1-3)] 5.1.1: sādharmyavaidharmyotkarṣāpakarṣavarṇyāvarṇyavikalpasādhyaprāpty aprāptipraṣaṅgapratidṛṛṣṭāntānutpattisaṃśayaprakaraṇahetvarthā pattyaviśeṣopapattyupalabdhyanupalabdhinityānityakaāryasamāḥ {siddhānta-sūtra} 5.1.2: sādharmyavaidharmyābhyāmupasaṃhāre taddharmaviparyayopapatteḥ sādharmyavaidharmyasamau {siddhānta-sūtra} 5.1.3: gotvād gosiddhivat tatsiddhiḥ {siddhānta-sūtra}

utkarṣasamādijātiṣaṭkaprakaraṇam(4-6)ṭa 5.1.4: sādhyadṛṣṭāntayordharmavikalpādubhayasādhyatvāccotkarṣāpakarṣa varṇyavikalpasādhyasamāḥ {siddhānta-sūtra} 5.1.5: kiñcitsādharmyādupasaṃhārasiddhervaidharmyādapratiṣedhaḥ {siddhānta-sūtra} 5.1.6: sādhyātideśācca dṛṣṭāntopaptteḥ {siddhānta-sūtra}

[prāptyaprāptisamajātidvayaprakaraṇam(7-8)] 5.1.7: prāpya sādhyamaprāpya vā hetoḥ prāptyāviśiṣṭatvādaprāptyāsādhāka tvācca prāptyaprāptisamau {siddhānta-sūtra} 5.1.8: ghaṭādiniṣpattidarśanāt pīḍane cābhicārādapratiṣedhaḥ {siddhānta-sūtra}

[prasaṅgapratidṛṣṭāntasamaprakaraṇam(9-11)] 5.1.9: dṛṣṭāntasya kāraṇānapadeśāt pratyavasthānācca pratidṛṣṭāntena prasaṅgapratidṛṣṭāntasamau {siddhānta-sūtra} 5.1.10: pradīpopādānaprasaṅganivṛttivat tadvinivṛttiḥ {siddhānta-sūtra} 5.1.11: pratidṛṣṭāntahetutve ca nāheturdṛṣṭāntaḥ {siddhānta-sūtra}

[anutpattisamaprakaraṇam(12-13)] 5.1.12: prāgutpatteḥ kāraṇābhāvādanutpattisamaḥ {siddhānta-sūtra} 5.1.13: tathābhāvādutpannasya kāraṇopapatterna kāraṇapratiṣedhaḥ {siddhānta-sūtra}

[saṃśayasamaprakaraṇam(14-15)] 5.1.14: sāmānyadṛṣṭāntayoraindriyakatve samāne nityānityasādharmyāt saṃśayasamaḥ {siddhānta-sūtra} 5.1.15: sādharmyātsaṃśaye na saṃśayo vaidharmyādubhayathā vā saṃśaye 'tyanta saṃśayaprasaṅgo nityatvānabhyūpagamācca sāmānyasyāpratiṣedhaḥ {siddhānta-sūtra}

[prakaraṇasamaprakaraṇam(16-17)] 5.1.16: ubhayasādharmyāt prakriyāsiddheḥ prakaraṇasamaḥ {siddhānta-sūtra} 5.1.17: pratipakṣāt prakaraṇasiddheḥ pratiṣedhānupapattiḥ pratipakṣopapatteḥ {siddhānta-sūtra}

[ahetusamaprakaraṇam(18-20)] 5.1.18: traikālyāsiddherhetorahetusamaḥ {siddhānta-sūtra} 5.1.19: na hetutaḥ sādhyasiddhestraikālyāssiddhiḥ {siddhānta-sūtra} 5.1.20: pratiṣedhānupapatteśca pratiṣeddhavyāpratiṣedhaḥ {siddhānta-sūtra}

[arthāpattisamaprakaraṇam(21-22)] 5.1.21: arthāpattitaḥ pratipakṣasiddherarthāpattisamaḥ {siddhānta-sūtra} 5.1.22: anuktasyārthāpatteḥ pakṣahānerupapattiranuktatvādanaikāntikatvāc cārthāpatteḥ {siddhānta-sūtra}

[aviśeṣasamaprakaraṇam(23-24)] 5.1.23: ekadharmopapatteraviśeṣe sarvāviśeṣaprasaṅgātsadbhābopapatter- aviśeṣasamaḥ {siddhānta-sūtra} 5.1.24: kvaciddharmānupapatteḥ kvaciccopapatteḥ pratiṣedhābhāvaḥ {siddhānta-sūtra}

[uapapattisamaprakaraṇam(25-26)] 5.1.25: ubhayokāraṇopapatterupapattisamaḥ {siddhānta-sūtra} 5.1.26: uapapattikāraṇābhyaniñjānādapratiṣedhaḥ {siddhānta-sūtra}

[upalabdhisamaprakaraṇam(27-28)] 5.1.27: nirdiṣṭakāraṇābhāve 'pyupalambhādupalabdhisamaḥ {siddhānta-sūtra} 5.1.28: kāraṇāntarādapi taddharmopapatterapratiṣedhaḥ {siddhānta-sūtra}

[anupalabdhisamaprakaraṇam(29-31)] 5.1.29: tadanupalabdheranupalambhādabhāvasiddhau tadviparītopapatter anupalabdhisamaḥ {siddhānta-sūtra} 5.1.30: anupalambhātmakatvādanupalabdherahetuḥ {siddhānta-sūtra} 5.1.31: jñānavikalpānāṃ ca bhāvābhāvasaṃvedanādadhyātmam {siddhānta-sūtra}

[anityasamaprakaraṇam(32-34) 5.1.32: sādharmyāttulyadharmopapatteḥ sarvānityatvaprasaṅgādanityasamaḥ {siddhānta-sūtra} 5.1.33: sādharmyādasiddheḥ pratiṣedhāsiddhiḥ pratiṣedhyasādharmyācca {siddhānta-sūtra} 5.1.34: dṛṣṭānte ca sādhyasādhanabhāvena prajñātasya dharmasya tasysa cobhayathā bhāvānnāviśeṣaḥ {siddhānta-sūtra}

[anityasamaprakaraṇam(35-36)] 5.1.35: nityamanityabhāvādanitye nityatvopapatternityasamaḥ {siddhānta-sūtra} 5.1.36: pratiṣedhye nityamanityabhāvādanitye 'nityatvopapatteḥ pratiṣedhābhāvaḥ {siddhānta-sūtra}

[kāryasamaprakaraṇam(37-38)] 5.1.37: prayatnakāryānekatvāt kāryasamaḥ {siddhānta-sūtra} 5.1.38: kāryānyatve prayatnāhetutvamanupalabdhikāraṇopapatteḥ {siddhānta-sūtra}

[ṣaṭpakṣīprakaraṇam(39-40)] 5.1.39: pratiṣedhe 'pi samānadoṣaḥ {siddhānta-sūtra} 5.1.40: sarvatraivam {siddhānta-sūtra} 5.1.41: pratiṣedhavipratiṣedhe pratiṣedhadoṣavad doṣaḥ {siddhānta-sūtra} 5.1.42: pratiṣedhaṃ sadoṣamabhyupetya pratiṣedhavipratiṣedhe samāno doṣaprasaṅgo matānujñā {siddhānta-sūtra} 5.1.43: svapakṣalakṣanāpekṣopapattyupasaṃhāre hetunirdeśe parapakṣadoṣā bhyupagamāt samāno doṣa iti {siddhānta-sūtra}

(iti nyāyasūtre pañcamādhyāyasya prathamam āhnikam)

(dvitīyam āhnikam)

5.2.1: pratijñāhāniḥ pratijñāntaraṃ pratijñāvirodhaḥ pratijñāsannyāso hetvantaram arthāntaraṃ nirarthakam avijñātārtham apārthakam aprāpta kālaṃ nyūnam adhikaṃ punaruktam ananubhāṣaṇam ajñānam apratibhā vikṣepo matānujñā paryanuyojyopekṣaṇaṃ niranuyojyānuyogo 'pasiddhānto hetvā bhāsāśca nigrahasthānāni {nigrahasthāna-uddeśa-sūtram}

[nigrahasthānapañcakaprakaraṇam(2-6)] 5.2.2: pratidṛṣṭāntadharmābhyanujñā svadṛṣṭānte pratijñāhāniḥ {pratijñāhāniḥ lakṣaṇa-sūtram} 5.2.3: pratijñātārthapratiṣedhadharmavikalpāt tadarthanirdeśaḥ pratijñāntara. {pratijñāntara-lakṣaṇa-sūtram} 5.2.4: pratijñāhetvorvirodhaḥ pratijñāvirodhaḥ {pratijñāvirodhaḥ lakṣaṇa-sūtram} 5.2.5: pakṣapratiṣedhe pratijñātārthāpanayanaṃ pratijñāsannyāsaḥ {pratijñāsannyāsaḥ lakṣaṇa-sūtram} 5.2.6: aviśeṣokte hetau pratiṣiddhe viśeṣamicchato hetvantaram {hetvantaram lakṣaṇa-sūtram}

[nigrahasthānacatuṣkaprakaraṇam(7-10)] 5.2.7: prakṛtādarthādapratisambddhārthamarthāntaram {arthāntaram lakṣaṇa-sūtram} 5.2.8: varṇakramanirdeśavannirarthakam {nirarthakam lakṣaṇa-sūtram} 5.2.9: pariṣatprativādibhyāṃ trirabhihitamapyavijñātamavijñātārtham {avijñātārtham lakṣaṇa-sūtram} 5.2.10: paurvāparyāyogādapratisambaddhārthamapārthakam {apārthakam lakṣaṇa-sūtram}

[nigrahasthānatrikaprakaraṇam(11-13)] 5.2.11: avayavaviparyāsavacanamaprāptakālam {aprāptakālam lakṣaṇa-sūtram} 5.2.12: hīnamanyatamenāpyavayavena nyūnam {nyūnam lakṣaṇa-sūtram} 5.2.13: hetūdāharaṇādhikam adhikam {adhikam lakṣaṇa-sūtram}

[punaruktinigrahasthānaprakaraṇam(14-16)] 5.2.14: śabdārthayoḥ punarvacanaṃ punaruktam anyatra anuvādāt {punaruktam lakṣaṇa-sūtram} 5.2.15: anuvāde tu apunaruktaṃ śabdābhyāsāt arthaviśeṣopapatteḥ {punaruktam lakṣaṇāpavādasūtram} 5.2.16: arthāt āpannasya svaśabdena punarvacanam {punaruktam lakṣaṇāpavādasūtram}

[uttaravirodhinigrahasthānacatuṣkaprakaraṇam(17-20)] 5.2.17: vijñātasya pariṣadā triḥ abhihitasya api apratyuccāraṇam ananubhāṣaṇam {ananubhāṣaṇam lakṣaṇa-sūtram} 5.2.18: avijñātam ca ajñānam {ajñānam lakṣaṇa-sūtram} 5.2.19: uttarasya apratipattiḥ apratibhā {apratibhā lakṣaṇa-sūtram} 5.2.20: kāryavyāsaṅgāt kathāvicchedaḥ vikṣepaḥ {vikṣepaḥ lakṣaṇa-sūtram}

[matānujñādinigrahasthānatrikaprakaraṇam(21-23)] 5.2.21: svapakṣe doṣābhyupagamāt parapakṣe doṣaprasaṅgaḥ matānujñā {matānujñā lakṣaṇa-sūtram} 5.2.22: nigrahasthānaprāptasya anigrahaḥ paryanuyojyopekṣaṇam {paryanuyojyopekṣaṇam lakṣaṇa-sūtram} 5.2.23: anigrahasthāne nigrahasthānābhiyogaḥ niranuyojyānuyogaḥ {niranuyojyānuyoga lakṣaṇa-sūtram}

[kathakānyoktinirūpyanigrahasthānadvayaprakaraṇam(24-25)] 5.2.24: siddhāntam abhyupetya aniyamāt kathāprasaṅgaḥ apasiddhāntaḥ {apasiddhānta lakṣaṇa-sūtram} 5.2.25: hetvābhāsāḥ ca yathoktāḥ {hetvābhāsa nirūpaṇam}

(iti nyāyasūtre pañcamādhyāyasya dvitīyam āhnikam) (samāptaścāyam pañcamādhyāyaḥ) nyāyadarśanaṃ samāptam
-- Gautama: Nyāyasūtra (Academic edition — see source file header)