Vahíd (Sayyed Yahyá Dárábí)
Moojan Momen published in Encyclopaedia IranicaVolume 7
New York: Columbia University, 1996
DĀRĀBĪ, SAYYED YAḤYĀ (b. Yazd, ca. 1226/1811, d. Neyrīz, 1266/1850), Babi leader usually known as Waḥīd (unique), a title given him by the Bāb. The eldest son of Sayyed Jaʿfar Kašfī Eṣṭah-bānātī, he received a Muslim religious education and, like his father, was associated with the Qajar court (see DĀRĀBĪ, JAʿFAR; Sepehr, p. 121; Eʿteżād-al-Salṭana, p. 74).
In 1261/1846 Waḥīd was asked by Moḥammad Shah (1250-64/1834-48) and Ḥājī Mīrzā Āqāsī to investigate the claims being put forth by the Bāb (Nicolas, p. 233; Nabīl, pp. 171-72). He arrived in Shiraz in May, and, after three interviews, during the last of which the Bāb wrote his commentary on the koranic sura 108 (al-Kawṯar), he became a follower (Māzandarānī, pp. 465, 471-72; MacEoin, p. 71; Nabīl, pp. 174-76; Browne, pp. 111-13, 209). Two short essays in which Waḥīd described this encounter have been published (Māzandarānī, pp. 471-77; MacEoin, p. 117). Subsequently Waḥīd traveled extensively to preach Babism, visiting Borūjerd to tell his father of the new faith; Isfahan; Ardestān; Tehran, where he stayed with Mīrzā Ḥosayn-ʿAlī Bahāʾ-Allāh; Khorasan; Qazvīn, where he remained some months with his sister; Shiraz; and Yazd (Māzandarānī, pp. 465-70). In the winter of 1264/1847-48 he again visited the Bāb, who had been moved to Mākū (Māzandarānī, p. 468).
In 1265/1849, when news of the fighting between followers of the Bāb and government troops at the shrine of Shaikh Ṭabarsī in Māzandarān (see BABISM) reached him in Tehran, Waḥīd was determined to go there, but he learned from Bahāʾ-Allāh that the road was blocked by government troops. Instead he set off to the south, visiting Qom, Kāšān, Isfahan, and Yazd. There is contradictory evidence in the sources about the dates of his final stay in Yazd (Momen, pp. 108-09 and n.), where he succeeded in converting a number of important ʿolamāʾ and notables in the town and surrounding area. His activities were opposed, however, by some ʿolamāʾ, as well as by the acting governor, Āqā Khan Īravānī (Nabīl, pp. 466-75).
Read the rest of this article online at www.iranicaonline.org/articles/darabi-sayyed-yahya.
Waḥīd eventually left Yazd and went to Bavānāt and Eṣṭahbānāt, at each place effecting a number of conversions. In late May 1850 he arrived in Neyrīz (Nīrīz), where his father-in-law was imam of the Čenār-sūḵta quarter. Many of the inhabitants of Neyrīz are reported to have come to Eṣṭahbānāt to welcome him to Neyrīz (Nabīl, p. 476). Soon after his arrival in the latter city, however, his preaching of Babism in the Čenār-sūḵta mosque aroused opposition. The governor, Ḥājī Zayn-al-ʿĀbedīn Khan, recruited 1,000 local militia to prevent him and his followers from carrying on their activities. As a result the town became divided, the governor and his forces occupying the bāzār quarter and Waḥīd and the Babis the Čenār-sūḵta quarter and later the nearby fort of Ḵᵛāja. A dawn raid by the Babis routed the governor’s forces, and further defeats caused him to withdraw to the village of Qoṭra. He then sent to Shiraz for reinforcements. Mīrzā Fażl-Allāh Naṣīr-al-Molk, acting on behalf of Fīrūz Mīrzā Noṣrat-al-Dawla, governor of Fārs, sent three regiments of infantry, together with cavalry and artillery. These forces were also defeated, in a pitched battle that lasted eight hours (Momen, pp. 109-10; Nabīl, pp. 481-88; Fasāʾī, I, pp. 304-05; tr. Busse, pp. 290-94).
In the end Zayn-al-ʿĀbedīn was forced to resort to a ruse. He sent to Waḥīd a Koran on which he had supposedly sworn to guarantee safe passage for him and his men. When they emerged from the fort, however, they were set upon and killed or captured. Waḥīd himself was captured and put to death on 18 Šaʿbān 1266/6 June 1850 (Eʿteżād-al-Salṭana, pp. 77-78; Nabīl, pp. 488-95; Momen, pp. 110-11; Fasāʾī, I, p. 304; tr. Busse, p. 294). His head and those of some of his followers were sent to Shiraz (Momen, p. 111).
Bibliography: A. Amanat, Resurrection and Renewal. The Making of the Babi Movement in Iran, 1844-1850, Ithaca, N.Y., 1989. E. G. Browne, ed. and tr., E. G. Browne, ed. and tr., The Tārīḵ-i-Jadīd, or New History of Mīrzā ʿAlī Moḥammed, the Bāb, Cambridge, 1893; repr. as The New History . . ., Amsterdam, 1975. Eʿteżād-al-Salṭana, Fetna-ya Bāb, 3rd ed., ed. ʿA.-Ḥ. Navāʾī, Tehran, 1362 Š./1983, esp. pp. 74-78. M.-A. Feyżī, Neyrīz-e moškbīz, Tehran, 130 Badīʿ=1352 Š./1973, pp. 3-88. Hedāyat, Rawżat al-ṣafā X, pp. 456-59. B. Maʿānī, “Neyrīz,” in A Short Encyclopedia of the Bahá’í Faith, Wilmette, Ill., forthcoming. Idem, “Vaḥīd,” in A Short Encyclopedia of the Bahá’í Faith, Wilmette, Ill., forthcoming. D. MacEoin, The Sources for Early Bābī Doctrine and History. A Survey, Leiden, 1992. F. Māzandarānī, Ketāb-e ẓohūr al-ḥaqq III, Tehran, n.d., pp. 461-81. Ḡ. Mawlānā, Tārīḵ-e Borūjerd II. Danešmandān-e Borūjerd, Tehran, n.d., pp. 307-13. M. Momen, The Bābī and Bahāʾī Religions, 1844-1944. Some Contemporary Western Accounts, Oxford, 1981, pp. 106-13. Nabīl Zarandī, The Dawn-Breakers. Nabīl’s Narrative of the Early Days of the Bahāʾī Revelation, tr. Shoghi Effendi, Wilmette, Ill., 1962, pp. 171-77, 465-99. A. L. M. Nicolas, Seyyèd Ali Mohammed dit le Bāb, Paris, 1905, pp. 233-35, 387-409. M. S. Rawḥānī Neyrīzī, Lamʿāt al-anwār I, Tehran, 130 Badīʿ=1352 Š./1973, pp. 40-129. M.-T. Lesān-al-Molk Sepehr, Nāsek al-tawārīḵ. Dawra-ye kāmel-e tārīḵ-e Qājārīya, ed. J. Qāʾemmaqāmˊī, 3 vols., Tehran, 1337 Š./1958, pp. 121-24.
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