# APASTAMBA PRASNA I, PATALA 4, KHANDA 14.

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> APASTAMBA PRASNA I, PATALA 4, KHANDA 14.
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> 1. (That is to say) the Agnihotra, hospitality,
> 2. And what else of this kind (is ordained).
> 3. He whom (a student) asks for instruction, shall certainly not refuse it;
> 4. Provided he does not see in him a fault, (which disqualifies him from being taught).
> 5. If by chance (through the pupil's stupidity the teaching) is not completed, obedience towards the (teacher is the pupil's only refuge).
> 6. Towards a mother (grandmother and great-grandmother) and a father (grandfather and great-grandfather) the same obedience must be shown as towards a teacher.
> 7. The feet of all Gurus must be embraced (every day) by a student who has returned home;
> 8. And also on meeting them, after returning from a journey.
> 9. The feet of (elder) brothers and sisters must be embraced, according to the order of their seniority.
> 10. And respect (must) always (be shown to one's elders and betters), according to the injunction
> [14. 1. The Agnihotra, i.e. certain daily oblations of clarified butter.
> 3. Manu II, 109-115.
> 5. Manu II, 218.
> 6. Manu II, 228, 215.
> 7. The word Gurus, 'venerable persons,' includes besides the teacher and persons mentioned in the preceding Sutra, an elder brother, a maternal uncle, and all others who are one's betters or elders. See above, I, 2, 6, 29-35.
> 8. 'That is to say, whether he himself or "the venerable persons" undertook the journey.'--Haradatta.
> 9. Manu II, 133.
> 10. See above, I, 4, 13, 2.]
> (given above and according to the order of their seniority).
> 11. He shall salute an officiating priest, a father-in-law, a father's brother, and a mother's. brother, (though they may be) younger than he himself, and (when saluting) rise to meet them.
> 12. Or he may silently embrace their feet.
> 13. A friendship kept for ten years with fellow citizens (is a reason for giving a salutation, and so is) a friendship, contracted at school, which has lasted for five years. But a learned Brahmana (known) for less than three years, must be saluted.
> 14. If the age (of several persons whom one meets) is exactly known, one must salute the eldest (first).
> 15. He need not salute a person, who is not a Guru, and who stands in a lower or higher place than he himself.
> 16. Or he may descend or ascend (to the place where such a person stands) and salute him.
> 17. But every one (Gurus and others) he shall salute, after having risen (from his seat).
> 18. If he is impure, he shall not salute (anybody);
> 19. (Nor shall he salute) a person who is impure.
> [11. Manu II, 130.
> 12. The commentator adds that the mode of salutation must depend on their learning and virtue,
> 13. Manu II, 134.
> 16. This Sutra, like the preceding, refers to those who are not Gurus.'
> 17. Manu II, 120.
> 18. 'Impure,' i.e. unfit for associating with others on account of the death of relations or through other causes, see below, I, 5, 15, 7 seq.]
> 20. Nor shall he, being impure, return a salutation.
> 21. Married women (must be saluted) according to the (respective) ages of their husbands.
> 22. He shall not salute with his shoes on, or his head wrapped up, or his hands full.
> 23. In saluting women, a Kshatriya or a Vaisya he shall use a pronoun, not his name.
> 24. Some (declare, that he shall salute in this manner even) his mother and the wife of his teacher.
> 25. Know that a Brahmana of ten years and a Kshatriya of a hundred years stand to each other in the relation of father and son. But between those two the Brahmana is the father.
> 26. A younger person or one of equal age he shall ask, about his well-being (employing the word kusala).
> 27. (He shall ask under the same conditions) a Kshatriya, about his health (employing the word anamaya);
> 28. A Vaisya if he has lost anything (employing the word anashta).
> [23. He shall say, 'I salute,' not 'I, N. N., salute.' Manu II, 123.
> 24. Apastamba, of course, holds the contrary opinion. Maun II, 216.
> 25. This verse, which is found with slight variations in most Smritis contains, according to Haradatta, an instruction given by a teacher to his pupil. Manu II, 135.
> 26. Of course. in case the person addressed is a Brahman. Manu II, 127. Kulluka quotes under this verse the above and the following Sutras. But his quotation has only a faint resemblance to our text.
> 28. That is to say in these terms I hope you have not lost any cattle or other property!'--Haradatta.]
> 29. A Sudra, about his health (employing the word arogya).
> 30. He shall not pass a learned Brahmana without addressing him;
> 31. Nor an (unprotected) woman in a forest (or any other lonely place).
> [31. He shall address a woman in order to re-assure her, and do it in these terms: 'Mother, or sister, what can I do for you? Don't be afraid!' &c.--Haradatta.]
>
> — *APASTAMBA PRASNA I, PATALA 4, KHANDA 14.*